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Vol. 21. Issue 6.
Pages 478-483 (January 2010)
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Vol. 21. Issue 6.
Pages 478-483 (January 2010)
Spontaneous acute hemorrhage within a subependymoma of the lateral ventricle: successful emergent surgical removal through a frontal transcortical approach
Subependimoma de ventrículo lateral con hemorragia intratumoral aguda espontánea: resección quirúrgica urgente mediante un abordaje frontal transcortical.
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R. Carrasco
Corresponding author
rocamo@gmail.com

Corresponding author: Department of Neurosurgery. Ramón y Cajal University Hospital. Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km 9,100. 28049, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Neurosurgery. Ramón y Cajal University Hospital. Departments of Neurosurgery
J.M. Pascual*, M. Navas*, J. Fraga**, R. Manzanares-Soler***, R.G. Sola*
* Department of Neurosurgery, La Princesa University Hospital. Madrid, Spain
** Department of Neuropathology, La Princesa University Hospital. Madrid, Spain
*** Department of Neuroradiology, La Princesa University Hospital. Madrid, Spain
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Article information
Summary
Introduction

Subependymomas are benign neoplasms intimately related to the ventricular system which only exceptionally associate hemorrhagic events. We present neuroradiological and pathological evidences of intratumoral hemorrhage within a single case of subependymoma operated on at our institution. Additionally we analyze retrospectively the well-defined reports of similar cases published in the scientific literature.

Case report

A 71-year-old man on anticoagulant therapy presented with abrupt and progressive deterioration of his level of consciousness. Emergent computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging evidenced signs of acute bleeding within a mass located at the frontal horn of the left lateral ventricle, producing obstructive biventricular hydrocephalus. The lesion was immediately and completely removed through a left frontal transcortical approach. Pathological diagnosis was consistent with subependymoma displaying areas of microhemorrhage. After surgery the patient developed global anterograde and retrograde amnesia.

Conclusions

A spontaneous hemorrhagic event within an asymptomatic lateral ventricle subependymoma can result in a surgical emergence as a consequence of sudden obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid pathways. Prompt and radical surgical removal of the mass, which allows a rapid resolution of hydrocephalus and prevents the risk of rebleeding, may constitute the safest management strategy.

Key words:
Basal forebrain
Brain tumor hemorrhage
Lateral ventricle
Septal region
Subependymoma
Resumen
Introducción

Los subependimomas son neoplasias benignas que se desarrollan en estrecha relación con el sistema ventricular y que excepcionalmente asocian fenómenos hemorrágicos. Describimos el caso de un subependimoma localizado en el ventrículo lateral que presentó una hemorragia intratumoral aguda de forma espontánea, como se evidenció en los estudios neurorradiológicos y patológicos realizados, incluyendo un análisis exhaustivo de los casos similares descritos en la literatura científica.

Caso clínico

Se trata de un varón de 71 años que recibía tratamiento anticoagulante, y que presentó un cuadro brusco y progresivo de disminución del nivel de conciencia. Los estudios de neuroimagen evidenciaron la presencia de una masa localizada en el ventrículo lateral izquierdo, con signos de hemorragia reciente en su seno, que producía hidrocefalia biventricular aguda. La lesión fue resecada en su totalidad de forma urgente mediante un abordaje frontal transcortical. El estudio patológico de la lesión demostró que se trataba de un subependimoma con focos hemorrágicos. En el periodo postoperatorio, el paciente presentó un déficit de memoria global, tanto anterógrada como retrógrada.

Conclusiones

Los episodios de hemorragia espontánea aguda constituyen un fenómeno excepcional en el caso de los tumores de histología benigna como los subependimomas, y pueden transformar un curso clínico asintomático en una emergencia quirúrgica debido al desarrollo de hidrocefalia aguda. La extirpación completa de la lesión de forma urgente representa la opción de manejo quirúrgico más apropiada, ya que permite un reestablecimiento inmediato de la circulación de líquido cefalorraquídeo y previene la aparición de resangrado.

Palabras clave:
Prosencéfalo basal
Región septal
Subependimoma
Tumor cerebral hemorrágico
Ventrículo lateral

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