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Vol. 18. Issue 2.
Pages 89-94 (January 2007)
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Vol. 18. Issue 2.
Pages 89-94 (January 2007)
Radioprotección de la médula espinal mediante la hormona de crecimiento (GH). Estudio experimental en ratas
Protective effects of the growth hormone (GH) on the irradiated spinal cord in rats
A. Isla
, M. Budke, A. García-Grande, A. Gómez de la Riva, C. Morales, J. Rey
Servicios de Neurocirugía y Radioterapia. Hospital Universitario La Paz. Madrid
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Resumen

La radioterapia empleada en el tratamiento de los tumores o malformaciones vasculares del SNC presenta riesgo de causar lesiones en los tejidos adyacentes.

El objetivo de nuestro estudio es demostrar las alteraciones provocadas por la radioterapia en la medula espinal de ratas a altas dosis y el valorar el efecto protector de la hormona de crecimiento (GH). El estudio experimental fue realizado con dos grupos de ratas Wistar. Grupo A (grupo control): Constó de 10 ratas que se irradiaron con 30 Gy en la medula espinal. Grupo B: Fue un grupo de 10 ratas irradiadas con 30 Gy a las que se administró 2mg/kg/día de GH tres días previos a la radioterapia, el día de la radioterapia, y dos días después. A los 14 días de la radioterapia fueron perfundidas mostrando el estudio histológico de la médula espinal de las ratas tratadas sólo con radioterapia de forma intensa, hemorragias y trombosis de capilares. Al grupo a las que se administró GH mostró una importante disminución de las lesiones.

En resumen la radioterapia administrada en dosis de 30 Gy causa cambios morfológicos como edema lesión del endotelio vascular, necrosis, hemorragias, exudado inflamatorio. La dosis de 2mg/kg/día ejerce un efecto protector en la medula espinal de ratas tras la administración de radioterapia disminuyendo el daño macro y microscópico en las ratas estudiadas.

Palabras clave:
Hormona de crecimiento
Medula espinal
Radionecrosis
Summary

Radiotherapy or irradiation of SNC AVM's or tumors also presents a high risk for provoking lesions in adjacent surrounding tissue.

The objective of our study is to demonstrate radiotherapy induced alterations in a rat spinal cord model and evaluate the protective effect of Growth Hormone (GH) on rats exposed to high radiotherapy doses.

The experimental study employed two groups of Wistar rats: Group A (control group):10 rats, which received 30 Gy at the spinal cord. Group B: 10 rats, these animals received 30 Gy and dose of 2mg/kg/day GH. Growth hormone administration was begun three days before radiotherapy and continued until two days after radiotherapy for a total of six days. At 14 days postradiotherapy, all the rats were sacrificed and the spinal cord extracted immediately. Hematoxyline-eosine histologic studies showed that control animals only exposed to radiotherapy had severe alterations with hemorrhage and vacuolisation of the entire irradiated segment while these alterations were much less severe in the GH-treated group.

In conclusion, 30 Gy irradiation produced morphological changes including vascular endothelial oedema, necrosis, hemorrhage, and inflamantory exudates. A 2mg/kg/day dose of GH protected the rat spinal cord against the noxious effects of the radiotherapy, decreasing the clinical, macro and microscopic damage in the treated animals.

Key words:
Growth hormone
Spinal cord
Radionecrosis

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