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Vol. 20. Issue 6.
Pages 521-532 (January 2009)
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Vol. 20. Issue 6.
Pages 521-532 (January 2009)
Revisión crítica de la estimulación subtalámica en la enfermedad de Parkinson
Critical review of the subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson' disease
J. Guridi
Corresponding author
Jguridi@unav.es

Correspondencia: Departamento de Neurocirugía. Clinica Universitaria. Pio XII sn. Pamplona 31008.
, M.C. Rodríguez-Oroz, P. Clavero, M. Manrique
Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía. Clínica Universitaria. Universidad de Navarra. Pamplona. Navarra
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Resumen

Los autores realizan una revisión crítica de la estimulación del núcleo subtalámico (NST) en la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) a largo plazo (3–5 años). La estimulación del NST produce una mejoría significativa de la parte motora de la escala UPDRS (Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale) sin medicación a los 3–5 años de la cirugía. Los resultados muestran que los beneficios obtenidos tanto en el temblor, la rigidez, la bradicinesia y las disquinesias, así como la reducción de la medicación están mantenidos significativamente a largo plazo. Otros signos de la enfermedad como la marcha y la estabilidad postural no se mantienen al comparar los beneficios al año de la cirugía. Un porcentaje alto de pacientes intervenidos muestra un deterioro cognitivo durante el seguimiento que puede estar relacionado con la propia evolución de la enfermedad. La conclusión es que la estimulación bilateral del NST continúa siendo efectiva a largo plazo pero debería considerarse la cirugía en un momento más precoz de la evolución de la enfermedad.

Palabras clave:
Núcleo subtalámico
Enfermedad de Parkinson
Estimulación cerebral profunda
Estimulación subtalámica
Keywords:
DBS
EP
GPi
MPTP
NST
PD
PPN
PSP
STN
UPDRS
Summary

The authors critically review subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation for Parkinson' disease (PD) at long follow-up (3–5 years). Subthalamic stimulation induce a significant improvement during the “off” medication in the assessment motor score UPDRS (Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale) 3–5 years after surgery. Results show that the benefits obtained in tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, dyskinesias induced by medication and levodopa reduction are significantly maintained during long term. The improvement in other clinical signs as gait and postural stability at long follow-up are not maintained comparing with the benefits obtained one year after surgery. A high percentage of patients show a cognitive disturbance during the follow-up period that may be correlated with the disease progression. The conclusion is that bilateral STN stimulation is an effective treatment for PD patients at long term but it should be considered earlier in the course of PD.

Key words:
Subthalamic nucleus
Parkinson' disease
Deep brain stimulation
Pallidal stimulation
Subthalamic stimulation

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