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Vol. 25. Issue 4.
Pages 149-153 (July - August 2014)
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Vol. 25. Issue 4.
Pages 149-153 (July - August 2014)
Investigación clínica
Niños con traumatismo craneal leve en urgencias: ¿es necesaria la radiografía de cráneo en pacientes menores de 2 años?
Children with minor head injury in the emergency department: Is skull radiography necessary for children under 2 years?
David Muñoz-Santanach, Victoria Trenchs Sainz de la Maza, Elisa González Forster, Carles Luaces Cubells
Corresponding author
cluaces@hsjdbcn.org

Autor para correspondencia.
Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
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Statistics
Figures (1)
Tables (3)
Tabla 1. Escala de Glasgow modificada para lactantes
Tabla 2. Mecanismo lesional del traumatismo craneoencefálico leve (n=854)
Tabla 3. Exploraciones complementarias realizadas a los niños con traumatismo craneoencefálico leve (n=854)
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Resumen
Introducción

La mayoría de publicaciones actuales sobre el manejo del traumatismo craneoencefálico (TCE) leve ya no tienen en cuenta la presencia de una fractura craneal para determinar el riesgo del lesión intracraneal (LIC). Sin embargo, en nuestro medio sigue siendo habitual la realización de radiografías de cráneo en los niños pequeños para descartar su presencia.

Objetivo

Determinar la prevalencia de LIC clínicamente importante (LICCI) en los niños menores de 2 años con TCE leve atendidos en urgencias.

Pacientes y métodos

Revisión retrospectiva de los informes de urgencias de los niños menores de 2 años atendidos por TCE leve (Glasgow ≥14 puntos) durante un año. Se define LICCI aquella LIC que tiene como consecuencia la muerte, una intervención neuroquirúrgica, ventilación mecánica o soporte inotrópico.

Resultados

Se incluyen 854 niños, con una mediana de edad de 11,0 meses (P25-75: 7,5-17,0 meses). Cuatrocientos cincuenta y siete (53,5%) eran varones. En 741 casos (86,8%) el mecanismo del TCE fue una caída. En 438 (51,3%) se realizó una radiografía craneal. En 11 casos (1,3%) se diagnosticó una LIC, ninguna clínicamente importante (prevalencia de LICCI en niños menores de 2 años con TCE leve: 0%; IC 95% 0-0,4%).

Conclusiones

Los niños menores de 2 años con TCE leve tienen un riesgo muy bajo de LICCI. La observación clínica puede considerarse como una alternativa válida a la realización de radiografías de cráneo.

Palabras clave:
Lesión cerebral traumática leve
Servicio de urgencias
Pediatría
Preescolar
Radiografía de cráneo
Tomografía
Abstract
Background

Current guidelines on the management of mild head trauma (traumatic brain injury/TBI) do not include the presence of a skull fracture in determining the risk of intracranial injury. However, in our setting cranial radiography is still performed frequently to rule out the presence of skull fracture.

Objective

To estimate the prevalence of clinically-important traumatic brain injuries (ciTBI) in children younger than two years of age with mild TBI.

Patients and methods

Descriptive observational study. All children attended in emergency department with mild TBI (Glasgow ≥14 points) for a year were included. We defined ciTBI as intracranial injuries that caused death or required neurosurgery, intubation for more than 24hours, inotropic drugs or mechanical ventilation.

Results

The study included 854 children, of which 457 (53.5%) were male. The median patient age was 11.0 months (P25-75: 7.5-17.0 months). In 741 cases (86.8%) the mechanism of TBI was a fall. In 438 cases (51.3%) skull radiography was performed. Eleven children (1.3%) had intracranial injury, but none met the criteria for ciTBI (estimated prevalence of ciTBI was 0%; CI 95%: 0%-0.4%).

Conclusion

Children younger than two years of age with mild TBI have low prevalence of ciTBI. Consequently, it is possible to monitor children younger than two years with a TBI without performing skull radiography.

Keywords:
Mild traumatic brain injury
Emergency department
Paediatrics
Preschool
Skull radiography
Tomography

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