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Clinical Research
Available online 2 March 2026

Occurrence of postoperative pneumoencephalus in posterior fossa surgery using the semi-sitting position: Prevalence, factors and patterns

Aparición de neumoencéfalo postoperatorio en cirugía de fosa posterior en posición semisentada: prevalencia, factores y patrones
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Liezel Ulloque-Caamañoa,b,c,d,
Corresponding author
liucax1189@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Mario Gomar-Albaa,d, Benjamin Romero-Leguinaa,b,d, Nadin J. Abdala-Vargasa,d, Juan F. Villalongaa,d, Álvaro Camperoa,b,d
a LINT, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán Zip code: 4000, Argentina
b Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Ángel Cruz Padilla, Tucumán Zip code: 4000, Argentina
c Neurosurgeon, Master's Degree in Epidemiology, Argentina
d Neurosurgeon, Sanatorio 9 de Julio, Tucumán Zip code: 4000, Argentina
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Abstract
Background

Posterior fossa (PF) surgery in the semi-sitting position (SSP) offers benefits for the patient, the anesthesiologist and the surgeon. However, in neurosurgery, neuroanesthesiology and related fields, a certain paradigm has been established regarding the potential high risk of this position, including the possibility of developing postoperative pneumoencephalus (PPN). The objective of the present work is to assess the prevalence, factors, and patterns related with PPN in SSP in a heterogeneous group of patients with PF conditions.

Methods

Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study with prospective data collection. Was conducted in two institutions. January 2020 and June 2023. 192 patients with intradural PF pathology operated on in the SSP were included.

Results

In most patients (93.2%; n:179) PPN was observed on postoperative CT. The most frequent pattern of PPN was subdural. No patient (0%; n:0) developed tension PPN, so none required surgery. A significant association was found between subdural PPN and operating time. We found a higher presence of PPN in patients with an age range of 40–60 years and in the group of patients>60 years.

Conclusions

The majority of patients in our series presented PPN. The most frequent pattern was subdural. There was an association between operating time and subdural PPN. There was an association between the older patient groups and PPN. No patient presented tension PPN.

Keywords:
Pneumoencephalus
Tension pneumoencephalus
Semi-sitting position
Posterior fossa
Abbreviations:
CSF
CT
EVD
ETV
GOS
IAC
PPN
SSP
PF
VPS
Resumen
Antecedentes

La cirugía de fosa posterior (FP) en posición semisentada (PSS) ofrece beneficios para el paciente, el anestesiólogo y el cirujano. Sin embargo, en neurocirugía, neuroanestesiología y áreas afines, se ha establecido un paradigma sobre el alto riesgo potencial de esta posición, incluyendo la posibilidad de desarrollar neumoencéfalo postoperatorio (NPP). El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar la prevalencia, los factores y los patrones relacionados con el NPP en PSS en un grupo heterogéneo de pacientes con afecciones de FP.

Métodos

Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal con recolección de datos prospectiva. Realizado en dos instituciones, entre enero de 2020 y junio de 2023. Se incluyeron 192 pacientes con patología intradural de FP operados en PSS.

Resultados

En la mayoría de los pacientes (93,2%; n: 179) se observó NPP en la TC postoperatoria. El patrón más frecuente de NPP fue el subdural. Ningún paciente (0%; n: 0) desarrolló NPP a tensión, por lo que ninguno requirió cirugía. Se encontró una asociación significativa entre la NPP subdural y el tiempo operatorio. Se observó una mayor presencia de NPP en pacientes con un rango de edad de 40 a 60 años y en el grupo de pacientes mayores de 60 años.

Conclusiones

La mayoría de los pacientes presentaron NPP. El patrón más frecuente fue el subdural. Se observó una asociación entre el tiempo operatorio y la NPP subdural. Se observó una asociación entre los grupos de pacientes de mayor edad y la NPP. Ningún paciente presentó NPP a tensión.

Palabras clave:
Neumoencefalo
Neumoencefalo a tensión
Posición semisentada
Fosa posterior

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