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Vol. 32. Issue 2.
Pages 99-104 (March - April 2021)
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Vol. 32. Issue 2.
Pages 99-104 (March - April 2021)
Caso clínico
Importancia de la arteriografía cerebral y la monitorización neurofisiológica intraoperatoria en la endarterectomía carotídea
Importance of cerebral angiography and intraoperative neuromonitoring in carotid endarterectomy
Pedro David Delgado Lópeza,
Corresponding author
pedrodl@yahoo.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, Beatriz Blanco de Valb, José Luis López Martínezc, Elena Araus Galdósd, Antonio Rodríguez Salazara
a Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, España
b Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, España
c Departamento de Neurorradiología Intervencionista, Servicio de Radiología, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, España
d Servicio de Neurofisiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, España
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Resumen

Cada vez es más frecuente indicar una endarterectomía carotídea en función de la información proporcionada por pruebas no invasivas, como la eco-Doppler, la angio-RM o la angio-TAC, obviando la necesidad de la arteriografía. Presentamos un caso de estenosis carotídea sintomática izquierda del 80% en la que la arteriografía cerebral constató la ausencia del segmento A1 derecho y llenado del territorio cerebral anterior bilateral solo desde el lado izquierdo. A los 90 segundos del pinzamiento de las arterias en el cuello se produjo una disminución brusca de la oximetría cerebral y de la amplitud de los potenciales somatosensoriales, que cedieron tras el despinzamiento inmediato. Se desestimó realizar la endarterectomía y se colocó un stent carotídeo sin complicaciones. Este caso ejemplifica la importancia de conocer el estado de la circulación cerebral distalmente a la estenosis. De haberse intentado realizar la endarterectomía sin tener en cuenta la información proporcionada por la arteriografía, posiblemente habría ocurrido una isquemia bihemisférica grave.

Palabras clave:
Endarterectomía
Estenosis carotídea
Monitorización neurofisiológica intraoperatoria
Angiografía cerebral
Oximetría cerebral
Abstract

It is an increasingly common practice to indicate a carotid endarterectomy procedure based on the information provided by non-invasive tests like Duplex ultrasound, MR angiography or CT angiography, thereby obviating the performance of a conventional cerebral angiography. We present a case of symptomatic left carotid artery 80% stenosis in which cerebral angiography showed absence of the right A1 segment and bilateral anterior cerebral artery territories that filled only from a left injection. Just 90seconds after carotid artery clamping at the neck, brain oximetry and somatosensory evoked potentials significantly dropped, that recovered after immediate clamp removal. Endarterectomy was dismissed and a carotid stent was successfully placed. This case highlights the importance of knowing the dynamics of cerebral blood circulation distal to the stenosis. If endarterectomy had been attempted, unawareness of the information provided by the cerebral angiography would have likely result in severe bi-hemispheric ischemia.

Keywords:
Endarterectomy
Carotid stenosis
Intraoperative neuromonitoring
Cerebral angiography
Brain oximetry

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