array:23 [
  "pii" => "S1130147394711076"
  "issn" => "11301473"
  "doi" => "10.1016/S1130-1473(94)71107-6"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "1994-01-01"
  "aid" => "71107"
  "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neurocirugía"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "1994"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Neurocirugia. 1994;5:221-9"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 7713
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 22
      "HTML" => 1627
      "PDF" => 6064
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S1130147394711088"
    "issn" => "11301473"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S1130-1473(94)71108-8"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "1994-01-01"
    "aid" => "71108"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neurocirugía"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Neurocirugia. 1994;5:230-6"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 3547
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 21
        "HTML" => 1393
        "PDF" => 2133
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:9 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Meningiomas del agujero magno y primeros segmentos cervicales"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "230"
          "paginaFinal" => "236"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:2 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "G. García-March, J.L. Llacer, J.A. Barcia, V. Bordes, G. Masbout, P. Roldán, J.L. Barcia-Salorio"
          "autores" => array:7 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "G."
              "apellidos" => "García-March"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J.L."
              "apellidos" => "Llacer"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J.A."
              "apellidos" => "Barcia"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "V."
              "apellidos" => "Bordes"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "G."
              "apellidos" => "Masbout"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "P."
              "apellidos" => "Roldán"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J.L."
              "apellidos" => "Barcia-Salorio"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "M<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>&#46;J&#46; S&#225;nchez-Ledesma, J&#46;M&#46; Gon&#231;alves, J&#46; Broseta"
          "autores" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>&#46;J&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "S&#225;nchez-Ledesma"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Gon&#231;alves"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Broseta"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130147394711088?idApp=UINPBA00004B"
    "url" => "/11301473/0000000500000003/v1_201305151436/S1130147394711088/v1_201305151436/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S1130147394711064"
    "issn" => "11301473"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S1130-1473(94)71106-4"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "1994-01-01"
    "aid" => "71106"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Neurocirug&#237;a"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Neurocirugia. 1994;5:211-20"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 2166
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 21
        "HTML" => 1276
        "PDF" => 869
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:9 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Factores pron&#243;sticos en el coma postraum&#225;tico infantil secundario a lesi&#243;n encef&#225;lica difusa"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "211"
          "paginaFinal" => "220"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:2 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "J&#46; Bosch Blancafort, E&#46; Rubio Garc&#237;a, J&#46;M&#46; Poch Puig, P&#46; Nogu&#233;s Bara"
          "autores" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Bosch Blancafort"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "E&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Rubio Garc&#237;a"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Poch Puig"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "P&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Nogu&#233;s Bara"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "J&#46; Iglesias Berenguer"
          "autores" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Iglesias Berenguer"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130147394711064?idApp=UINPBA00004B"
    "url" => "/11301473/0000000500000003/v1_201305151436/S1130147394711064/v1_201305151436/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "es" => array:12 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "titulo" => "Cavernomas del tronco cerebral y el cerebelo&#46; Estudio de 16 casos sintom&#225;ticos"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "221"
        "paginaFinal" => "229"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:3 [
        "autoresLista" => "R&#46;D&#46; Lobato, P&#46;A&#46; G&#243;mez, R&#46; Alday, J&#46;J&#46; Rivas, J&#46;M&#46; Ortega, J&#46; Dom&#237;nguez, H&#46; Sandoval, A&#46; Cabrera, S&#46; Madero, J&#46; Ayerbe"
        "autores" => array:10 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "R&#46;D&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Lobato"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "P&#46;A&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "G&#243;mez"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "R&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Alday"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "J&#46;J&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Rivas"
          ]
          4 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "J&#46;M&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Ortega"
          ]
          5 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "J&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Dom&#237;nguez"
          ]
          6 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "H&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Sandoval"
          ]
          7 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "A&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Cabrera"
          ]
          8 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "S&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Madero"
          ]
          9 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "J&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Ayerbe"
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "entidad" => "Servicios de Neurocirug&#237;a y Anatom&#237;a Patol&#243;gica&#46; Hospital &#171;12 de Octubre&#187; y Facultad de Medicina&#44; Universidad Complutense&#44; Madrid"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec162689"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Cavemoma"
            1 => "malformaci&#243;n vascular"
            2 => "tronco cerebral"
            3 => "cerebelo"
            4 => "resonancia magn&#233;tica"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Key words"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec162690"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Cavemoma"
            1 => "vascular malformation"
            2 => "brain stem"
            3 => "cerebellum"
            4 => "magnetic resonance"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se analiza la presentaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica y radiol&#243;gica en 16 pacientes portadores de cavernomas sintom&#225;ticos del tronco cerebral y cerebelo&#44; la mayor&#237;a de los cuales fueron estudiados con resonancia magn&#233;tica&#46; Un total de 11 pacientes que sufrieron uno o m&#225;s episodios hemorr&#225;gicos fueron intervenidos quir&#250;rgicamente&#46; En todos los casos excepto en uno se logr&#243; la exeresis total de la lesi&#243;n&#44; pero dos pacientes tuvieron que ser reintervenidos tras una supuesta extirpaci&#243;n total inicial&#46; S&#243;lo dos pacientes experimentaron incremento definitivo&#44; si bien discreto&#44; de sus s&#237;ntomas preoperatorios&#46; Cinco pacientes con presentaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica benigna est&#225;n siendo tratados conservadoramente&#46; Se comenta la indicaci&#243;n quir&#250;rgica en relaci&#243;n con estas lesiones&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The authors analyze the clinical and radiological presentation of symptomatic cavernomas of the brain stem and cerebellum in 16 patients&#46; The majority of the patients were studied with magnetic resonance&#46; Eleven patients suffered one or more hemorrhagic episodes before undergoing surgical treatment&#46; A total excision of the lesion was performed in all the 11 cases&#44; except in one&#46; However&#44; 2 patients had to be reoperated after having an apparently radical removal at initial operation&#46; There was no mortality and only 2 patients developed discrete postoperative increment in neurological deficits&#46; Five more patients presenting with benign&#44; self-limited symptoms are being managed conservatively&#46; The surgical management and indications in patients with brain stem and cerebellar cavernomas are discussed&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Lobato&#44; R&#46;D&#46;&#59; G&#243;mez&#44; P&#46;A&#46;&#59; Alday&#44; R&#46;&#59; Rivas&#44; J&#46;J&#46;&#59; Ortega&#44; J&#46;M&#46;&#59; Dom&#237;nguez&#44; J&#46;&#59; Sandoval&#44; H&#46;&#59; Cabrera&#44; A&#46;&#59; Madero&#44; S&#46;&#59; Ayerbe&#44; J&#46;&#58;Cavernomas del tronco cerebral y el cerebelo&#46; Estudio de 16 casos sintom&#225;ticos&#46; Neurocirug&#237;a 1994&#59; 5&#58; 221&#8211;229&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Referencias"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:44 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib1"
              "etiqueta" => "1&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cerebellar venous angioma associated with angiographically occult brain stem vascular malformation&#46; Report of two cases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Abe"
                            1 => "W&#46;T&#46; Asfora"
                            2 => "A&#46;A&#46;F&#46; Desalles"
                            3 => "R&#46;N&#46; Kjellberg"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Surg Neurol"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "33"
                        "paginaInicial" => "400"
                        "paginaFinal" => "403"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2349537"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib2"
              "etiqueta" => "2&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cl&#237;nical presentations of vascular malformations of the brain stem&#46; Comparison of angiographically positive and negative types"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Abe"
                            1 => "R&#46;N&#46; Klellberg"
                            2 => "R&#46;D&#46; Adams"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "52"
                        "paginaInicial" => "167"
                        "paginaFinal" => "175"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2703835"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib3"
              "etiqueta" => "3&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Familial cavernous angioma of the brain stem dominantly inherited in Hispanics"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "J&#46;M&#46; Bicknell"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neurosurgery"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "24"
                        "paginaInicial" => "102"
                        "paginaFinal" => "105"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2927584"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib4"
              "etiqueta" => "4&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Occult arteriovenous malformation of the brainstem simulating multiple sclerosis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "R&#46;H&#46; Briti"
                            1 => "W&#46;S&#46; Connor"
                            2 => "D&#46;R&#46; Enzmann"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neurology"
                        "fecha" => "1981"
                        "volumen" => "31"
                        "paginaInicial" => "901"
                        "paginaFinal" => "903"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7195517"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib5"
              "etiqueta" => "5&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Vascular malformations of the brain stem"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Chyatte"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3171/jns.1989.70.6.0847"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurosurg"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "70"
                        "paginaInicial" => "847"
                        "paginaFinal" => "852"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2715811"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib6"
              "etiqueta" => "6&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Angiographically occult vascular malformations of the brain"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Chyatie"
                            1 => "I&#46; Fried"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Contemporary Neurosurg"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "6"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib7"
              "etiqueta" => "7&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Stereotactic resection of occult vascular malformations"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "D&#46;H&#46; Davis"
                            1 => "P&#46;J&#46; Kelly"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3171/jns.1990.72.5.0698"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurosurg"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "72"
                        "paginaInicial" => "698"
                        "paginaFinal" => "702"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2182791"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib8"
              "etiqueta" => "8&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Surgical removal of pontomesencephal&#237;c cavernous hemangioma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Falbusch"
                            1 => "C&#46; Strauss"
                            2 => "W&#46; H&#252;k"
                            3 => "G&#46; R&#246;cklelein"
                            4 => "D&#46; K&#246;mpf"
                            5 => "K&#46;W&#46; Rupreclit"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neurosurgery"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "26"
                        "paginaInicial" => "449"
                        "paginaFinal" => "457"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2320214"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib9"
              "etiqueta" => "9&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The natural history of intracranial cavernous and venous malformations"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "O&#46; Del Curling"
                            1 => "D&#46;L&#46; Kelly"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Perspectives Neurol Surg"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "1"
                        "paginaInicial" => "19"
                        "paginaFinal" => "39"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib10"
              "etiqueta" => "10&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cavernous angiomas of the brain"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Giombini"
                            1 => "G&#46; Morello"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Acta Neuorchir &#40;Wien&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "1978"
                        "volumen" => "40"
                        "paginaInicial" => "61"
                        "paginaFinal" => "82"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib11"
              "etiqueta" => "11&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Occult cerebral vascular malformations&#58; high-field MR imaging"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;M&#46; Gomori"
                            1 => "R&#46;I&#46; Grossman"
                            2 => "H&#46;L&#46; Goldberg"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1148/radiology.158.3.3945744"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Radiology"
                        "fecha" => "1986"
                        "volumen" => "158"
                        "paginaInicial" => "707"
                        "paginaFinal" => "713"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3945744"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib12"
              "etiqueta" => "12&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Successful removal of pontine haematoma due to rupture of cryptic arteriovenous malformation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "Y&#46; Inoue"
                            1 => "O&#46; Sato"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Case reporto Acta Neurochir &#40;Wien&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "1983"
                        "volumen" => "69"
                        "paginaInicial" => "69"
                        "paginaFinal" => "75"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib13"
              "etiqueta" => "13&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Diagnosis and treatment of vascular brain stem malformations"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Kashiwagi"
                            1 => "H&#46;T&#46; Van Loveren"
                            2 => "J&#46;M&#46; Tew"
                            3 => "J&#46;G&#46; Wiot"
                            4 => "S&#46;M&#46; Weil"
                            5 => "R&#46;A&#46; Lukin"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3171/jns.1991.75.1.0027"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurosurg"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "volumen" => "75"
                        "paginaInicial" => "27"
                        "paginaFinal" => "34"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2045914"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib14"
              "etiqueta" => "14&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Stereotactic radiosurgery of angiographically occult vascular malformations&#58; Indications and prel&#237;minary experience"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Kondziolka"
                            1 => "L&#46;D&#46; Lunsford"
                            2 => "R&#46;J&#46; Coffey"
                            3 => "D&#46;J&#46; Bissonetie"
                            4 => "J&#46;C&#46; Flickinger"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neurosurgery"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "27"
                        "paginaInicial" => "892"
                        "paginaFinal" => "900"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2274130"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib15"
              "etiqueta" => "15&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A study of safe entry zones via floor of the fourth ventricle for brain-stem lesions"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Kyoshima"
                            1 => "S&#46; Kobayashi"
                            2 => "H&#46; Gibo"
                            3 => "T&#46; Kuroyanagi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3171/jns.1993.78.6.0987"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurosurg"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "78"
                        "paginaInicial" => "987"
                        "paginaFinal" => "993"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8487085"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib16"
              "etiqueta" => "16&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Vascular pressure and cortical blood flow in cavernous angioma of the brain"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "J&#46;R&#46; Little"
                            1 => "I&#46;A&#46; Awad"
                            2 => "S&#46;C&#46; Jones"
                            3 => "Z&#46;Y&#46; Ebrahim"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3171/jns.1990.73.4.0555"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurosurg"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "73"
                        "paginaInicial" => "555"
                        "paginaFinal" => "559"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2398387"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib17"
              "etiqueta" => "17&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cl&#237;nical&#44; radiological and pathological spectrum of angiographically occult intracranial vascular malformations"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "R&#46;D&#46; Lobato"
                            1 => "C&#46; P&#233;rez"
                            2 => "J&#46;J&#46; Rivas"
                            3 => "F&#46; Cordob&#233;s"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3171/jns.1988.68.4.0518"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurosurg"
                        "fecha" => "1988"
                        "volumen" => "68"
                        "paginaInicial" => "518"
                        "paginaFinal" => "531"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3280747"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib18"
              "etiqueta" => "18&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Comparison of the clinical presentation of symptomatic arteriovenous malformations &#40;angiographically visual&#237;zed&#41; and occult vascular malformations"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R&#46;D&#46; Lobato"
                            1 => "J&#46;J&#46; Rivas"
                            2 => "P&#46;A&#46; Gomez"
                            3 => "A&#46; Cabrera"
                            4 => "R&#46; Sarabia"
                            5 => "E&#46; Lamas"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neurosurgery"
                        "fecha" => "1992"
                        "volumen" => "31"
                        "paginaInicial" => "391"
                        "paginaFinal" => "397"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1407419"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib19"
              "etiqueta" => "19&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Angiographically occult arteriovenous malformations"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "D&#46;J&#46; McFerran"
                            1 => "P&#46;V&#46; Marks"
                            2 => "N&#46;J&#46; Garvan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Surg Neurol"
                        "fecha" => "1987"
                        "volumen" => "28"
                        "paginaInicial" => "221"
                        "paginaFinal" => "224"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3629449"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib20"
              "etiqueta" => "20&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The surgical management of brainstem hematomas"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "J&#46;R&#46; Mangiardi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Perspectives Neurolog Surg"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "volumen" => "2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "33"
                        "paginaFinal" => "45"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib21"
              "etiqueta" => "21&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Angiographically occult arteriovenous malformations"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "C&#46;S&#46; Ogilvy"
                            1 => "R&#46;C&#46; Heros"
                            2 => "R&#46;G&#46; Ojemann"
                            3 => "P&#46;F&#46; New"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3171/jns.1988.69.3.0350"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurosurg"
                        "fecha" => "1988"
                        "volumen" => "69"
                        "paginaInicial" => "350"
                        "paginaFinal" => "355"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3404231"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib22"
              "etiqueta" => "22&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Management of cranial and spinal cavernous angiomas"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "R&#46;G&#46; Ojemann"
                            1 => "R&#46;M&#46; Crowell"
                            2 => "C&#46;S&#46; Ogilvy"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cl&#237;n Neurosurg"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "40"
                        "paginaInicial" => "98"
                        "paginaFinal" => "123"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8112002"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib23"
              "etiqueta" => "23&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Surgical excision of a cavernous hemangioma of the rostral brain stem&#58; Case reporto"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "S&#46;L&#46; Ondra"
                            1 => "J&#46;R&#46; Doty"
                            2 => "M&#46;E&#46; Mahla"
                            3 => "E&#46;D&#46; George"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neurosurgery"
                        "fecha" => "1988"
                        "volumen" => "23"
                        "paginaInicial" => "490"
                        "paginaFinal" => "493"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3200380"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib24"
              "etiqueta" => "24&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The growth of cerebral cavernous angiomas"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Pozzati"
                            1 => "G&#46; Giuliani"
                            2 => "G&#46; Nuzzo"
                            3 => "M&#46; Poppi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neurosurgery"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "25"
                        "paginaInicial" => "92"
                        "paginaFinal" => "97"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2755587"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib25"
              "etiqueta" => "25&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Telangiectases and cavemous angiomas of the brainstem&#58; &#171;Cryptic&#187; vascular malformations&#46; Report of a case"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "G&#46;H&#46; Roberson"
                            1 => "C&#46;S&#46; Kase"
                            2 => "E&#46;R&#46; Wolpow"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neuroradiology"
                        "fecha" => "1974"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "83"
                        "paginaFinal" => "89"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4437757"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib26"
              "etiqueta" => "26&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The association of venous and cavernous malformations&#46; Report of four cases and discussion of pathophysiological&#44; diagnostic and therapeutic implications"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Rigamonti"
                            1 => "R&#46;F&#46; Spetzler"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Acta Neurochir &#40;Wien&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "1988"
                        "volumen" => "92"
                        "paginaInicial" => "100"
                        "paginaFinal" => "105"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib27"
              "etiqueta" => "27&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Natural history of the cavernous angiomas"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;R&#46; Robinson"
                            1 => "I&#46;A&#46; Awad"
                            2 => "J&#46;R&#46; Little"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3171/jns.1991.75.5.0709"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurosurg"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "volumen" => "75"
                        "paginaInicial" => "709"
                        "paginaFinal" => "714"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1919692"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib28"
              "etiqueta" => "28&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Successful evacuation of a pontine hematoma secondary to rupture of a pathologically diagnosed &#171;cryptic&#187; vascular malformation&#46; Case Report"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "B&#46;B&#46; Scott"
                            1 => "J&#46;F&#46; Seeger"
                            2 => "R&#46;C&#46; Schnelder"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3171/jns.1973.39.1.0104"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurosurg"
                        "fecha" => "1973"
                        "volumen" => "39"
                        "paginaInicial" => "104"
                        "paginaFinal" => "108"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4717133"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib29"
              "etiqueta" => "29&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Laser-assisted microsurgical extirpation of a brain stem cavernoma&#58; Case report"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "V&#46; Seifert"
                            1 => "M&#46;R&#46; Gaab"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neurosurgery"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "25"
                        "paginaInicial" => "986"
                        "paginaFinal" => "990"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2601833"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib30"
              "etiqueta" => "30&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cavernous angioma&#58; A review of 129 collected and 12 new clinical cases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "J&#46;M&#46; Simard"
                            1 => "F&#46; Garcia-Bengoechea"
                            2 => "W&#46;E&#46; Ballinger Jr&#46;"
                            3 => "J&#46;P&#46; Mickle"
                            4 => "R&#46;G&#46; Quisling"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neurosurgery"
                        "fecha" => "1986"
                        "volumen" => "18"
                        "paginaInicial" => "162"
                        "paginaFinal" => "172"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3960293"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0015028201018490"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "00150282"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib31"
              "etiqueta" => "31&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Clinicopathological relations of cerebral cavernous angiomas&#58; Observations in eleven cases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "H&#46;J&#46; Steiger"
                            1 => "T&#46;M&#46; Markwalder"
                            2 => "H&#46;J&#46; Reulen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neurosurgery"
                        "fecha" => "1987"
                        "volumen" => "21"
                        "paginaInicial" => "879"
                        "paginaFinal" => "884"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3325850"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            31 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib32"
              "etiqueta" => "32&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Intraoperative identification of motor areas of the rhomboid fossa using direct stimulation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Strauss"
                            1 => "J&#46; Romst&#246;ck"
                            2 => "C&#46; Nimsky"
                            3 => "R&#46; Fahlbusch"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3171/jns.1993.79.3.0393"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurosurg"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "79"
                        "paginaInicial" => "393"
                        "paginaFinal" => "399"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8360737"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            32 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib33"
              "etiqueta" => "33&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Recurrent intraparenchymal hemorrhages from angiographically occult vascular malformations"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Tung"
                            1 => "S&#46;L&#46; Giannotta"
                            2 => "P&#46;T&#46; Chandrasoma"
                            3 => "C&#46; Zee"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3171/jns.1990.73.2.0174"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurosurg"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "73"
                        "paginaInicial" => "174"
                        "paginaFinal" => "180"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2366073"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            33 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib34"
              "etiqueta" => "34&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cavernomas of the central nervous system&#58; clinical syndromes&#44; CT scan diagnosis and prognosis after surgical treatment in 25 cases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Vaquero"
                            1 => "J&#46; Salazar"
                            2 => "R&#46; Martinez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Acta Neurochir &#40;Wien&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "1987"
                        "volumen" => "85"
                        "paginaInicial" => "29"
                        "paginaFinal" => "33"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            34 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib35"
              "etiqueta" => "35&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cerebral cavernous haemangiomas or cavernomas&#58; Incidence&#44; pathology&#44; localization&#44; diagnosis&#44; clinical features and treatment&#46; Review of the literature and report of an unusual case"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Voigt"
                            1 => "M&#46;G&#46; Yasargil"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neurachirurgia &#40;Stuttg&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "1976"
                        "volumen" => "19"
                        "paginaInicial" => "59"
                        "paginaFinal" => "68"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            35 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib36"
              "etiqueta" => "36&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Surgical treatment of cryptic AVM&#44; s and associated hematoma in the brain stem and the spinal cord"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "R&#46;J&#46; Veerapen"
                            1 => "I&#46;A&#46;O&#46; Sbeih"
                            2 => "S&#46;A&#46; Laoire"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurasurg"
                        "fecha" => "1986"
                        "volumen" => "65"
                        "paginaInicial" => "188"
                        "paginaFinal" => "193"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            36 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib37"
              "etiqueta" => "37&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Angiographically occult angiomas&#58; A report of thirteen cases with analysis of the cases documented in the literature"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Wakai"
                            1 => "Y&#46; Ueda"
                            2 => "S&#46; Inoh"
                            3 => "M&#46; Nagai"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neurosurgery"
                        "fecha" => "1985"
                        "volumen" => "17"
                        "paginaInicial" => "549"
                        "paginaFinal" => "556"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4058688"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            37 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib38"
              "etiqueta" => "38&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Comparison of radiosurgery and microsurgery for treatment of cavernous malformations of the brain stem"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Weill"
                            1 => "J&#46;M&#46; Tew"
                            2 => "L&#46; Steiner"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurosurg"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "72"
                        "paginaInicial" => "336"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            38 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib39"
              "etiqueta" => "39&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Microneurosurgery IIIb"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46;G&#46; Yasargil"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "1988"
                        "editorial" => "Georg Thieme"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Stuttgart"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            39 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib40"
              "etiqueta" => "40&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cryptic vascular malformations involving the brainstem"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Yeates"
                            1 => "D&#46; Enzmann"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1148/radiology.146.1.6849069"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Radiology"
                        "fecha" => "1983"
                        "volumen" => "146"
                        "paginaInicial" => "71"
                        "paginaFinal" => "75"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6849069"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            40 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib41"
              "etiqueta" => "41&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Radical surgery on cavernous angioma of the brainstem"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Yoshimoto"
                            1 => "J&#46; Suzuki"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Surg Neurol"
                        "fecha" => "1986"
                        "volumen" => "26"
                        "paginaInicial" => "72"
                        "paginaFinal" => "78"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3715704"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            41 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib42"
              "etiqueta" => "42&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The natural history of familial cavernous malformations&#58; results of an ongoing study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;M&#46; Zabramski"
                            1 => "T&#46;M&#46; Wascher"
                            2 => "R&#46;F&#46; Spetzler"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurasurg"
                        "fecha" => "1994"
                        "volumen" => "80"
                        "paginaInicial" => "422"
                        "paginaFinal" => "432"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            42 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib43"
              "etiqueta" => "43&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cavernous malformations of the brain stem"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "R&#46;S&#46; Zimmerman"
                            1 => "R&#46;F&#46; Spetzler"
                            2 => "K&#46;S&#46; Lee"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3171/jns.1991.75.1.0032"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurosurg"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "volumen" => "75"
                        "paginaInicial" => "32"
                        "paginaFinal" => "39"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2045915"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            43 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib44"
              "etiqueta" => "44&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Malformaciones vasculares intr&#237;nsecas del tronco cerebral&#46; Tratamiento quir&#250;rgico"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "B&#46; Zurita"
                            1 => "R&#46; Ramirez"
                            2 => "B&#46; Oliver"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neurocirug&#237;a"
                        "fecha" => "1992"
                        "volumen" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "105"
                        "paginaFinal" => "109"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  "url" => "/11301473/0000000500000003/v1_201305151436/S1130147394711076/v1_201305151436/es/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => null
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/11301473/0000000500000003/v1_201305151436/S1130147394711076/v1_201305151436/es/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004B&text.app=https://revistaneurocirugia.com/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130147394711076?idApp=UINPBA00004B"
]
Compartir
Información de la revista
Vol. 5. Núm. 3.
Páginas 221-229 (enero 1993)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 5. Núm. 3.
Páginas 221-229 (enero 1993)
Cavernomas del tronco cerebral y el cerebelo. Estudio de 16 casos sintomáticos
Visitas
7698
R.D. Lobato, P.A. Gómez, R. Alday, J.J. Rivas, J.M. Ortega, J. Domínguez, H. Sandoval, A. Cabrera, S. Madero, J. Ayerbe
Servicios de Neurocirugía y Anatomía Patológica. Hospital «12 de Octubre» y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen

Se analiza la presentación clínica y radiológica en 16 pacientes portadores de cavernomas sintomáticos del tronco cerebral y cerebelo, la mayoría de los cuales fueron estudiados con resonancia magnética. Un total de 11 pacientes que sufrieron uno o más episodios hemorrágicos fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente. En todos los casos excepto en uno se logró la exeresis total de la lesión, pero dos pacientes tuvieron que ser reintervenidos tras una supuesta extirpación total inicial. Sólo dos pacientes experimentaron incremento definitivo, si bien discreto, de sus síntomas preoperatorios. Cinco pacientes con presentación clínica benigna están siendo tratados conservadoramente. Se comenta la indicación quirúrgica en relación con estas lesiones.

Palabras clave:
Cavemoma
malformación vascular
tronco cerebral
cerebelo
resonancia magnética
Abstract

The authors analyze the clinical and radiological presentation of symptomatic cavernomas of the brain stem and cerebellum in 16 patients. The majority of the patients were studied with magnetic resonance. Eleven patients suffered one or more hemorrhagic episodes before undergoing surgical treatment. A total excision of the lesion was performed in all the 11 cases, except in one. However, 2 patients had to be reoperated after having an apparently radical removal at initial operation. There was no mortality and only 2 patients developed discrete postoperative increment in neurological deficits. Five more patients presenting with benign, self-limited symptoms are being managed conservatively. The surgical management and indications in patients with brain stem and cerebellar cavernomas are discussed.

Key words:
Cavemoma
vascular malformation
brain stem
cerebellum
magnetic resonance

Artículo

Opciones para acceder a los textos completos de la publicación Neurocirugía
Socio
Socio de la Sociedad Española de Neurocirugía

Si es la primera vez que accede a la web puede obtener sus claves de acceso poniéndose en contacto con Elsevier España en suscripciones@elsevier.com o a través de su teléfono de Atención al Cliente 902 88 87 40 si llama desde territorio español o del +34 932 418 800 (de 9 a 18h., GMT + 1) si lo hace desde el extranjero.

Si ya tiene sus datos de acceso, clique aquí.

Si olvidó su clave de acceso puede recuperarla clicando aquí y seleccionando la opción "He olvidado mi contraseña".

Suscriptor
Suscriptor de la revista

Si ya tiene sus datos de acceso, clique aquí.

Si olvidó su clave de acceso puede recuperarla clicando aquí y seleccionando la opción "He olvidado mi contraseña".
Suscribirse
Suscribirse a:

Neurocirugía

Comprar
Comprar acceso al artículo

Comprando el artículo el PDF del mismo podrá ser descargado

Precio 19,34 €

Comprar ahora
Contactar
Teléfono para suscripciones e incidencias
De lunes a viernes de 9h a 18h (GMT+1) excepto los meses de julio y agosto que será de 9 a 15h
Llamadas desde España
932 415 960
Llamadas desde fuera de España
+34 932 415 960
Email
Idiomas
Neurocirugía
Opciones de artículo
Herramientas
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?