Long insular artery damage might be a key sign for predicting functional prognosis of putaminal hemorrhage

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The vascular territories of subcortical white matter and the basal ganglia on coronal images are schematically shown. These areas are supplied by three individual arteries branching from the middle cerebral artery, namely the lenticulostriate artery (LSA: bold line) from the M1 segment, the long insular artery (LIA: dashed line) from the M2 segment, and the white matter medullary arteries (WMMAs: dotted lines) from the M3 or M4 segment (A). To standardize radiologic interpretation, the radiologists drew a virtual line from the tip of the anterior horn to the top of the superior limb of the insular cleft (the A–I line). 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Watanabe, Kenji Kamiyama, Hirohiko Nakamura" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Yuki" "apellidos" => "Amano" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "yukiamano.nmh@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Yohei" "apellidos" => "Yamaguchi" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Toshiaki" "apellidos" => "Osato" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Toshiichi" "apellidos" => "Watanabe" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Kenji" "apellidos" => "Kamiyama" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Hirohiko" "apellidos" => "Nakamura" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Department of Neurosurgery, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Sapporo, Japan" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "El daño de la arteria insular larga podría ser un signo clave para predecir el pronóstico funcional de la hemorragia putaminal" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 930 "Ancho" => 1675 "Tamanyo" => 133280 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Definition of initial long insular artery damage. The vascular territories of subcortical white matter and the basal ganglia on coronal images are schematically shown. These areas are supplied by three individual arteries branching from the middle cerebral artery, namely the lenticulostriate artery (LSA: bold line) from the M1 segment, the long insular artery (LIA: dashed line) from the M2 segment, and the white matter medullary arteries (WMMAs: dotted lines) from the M3 or M4 segment (A). To standardize radiologic interpretation, the radiologists drew a virtual line from the tip of the anterior horn to the top of the superior limb of the insular cleft (the A–I line). We defined initial LIA damage based on the presence of a hematoma reaching the highest level of the temporal ventricle on coronal or axial CT slices (B)." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionThe putamen is the most common site of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), comprising 48–67% of all spontaneous ICHs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">1</a> Hemiplegia, which is the main clinical feature following putaminal hemorrhage, is related to the anatomical characteristics of the putamen, in particular to the proximity of the corticospinal tracts.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">2</a>Since several randomized control trials have reported that neurosurgical therapies are ineffective in preventing the devastating neurologic consequences of hypertensive putaminal hemorrhage,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165">3–6</a> data on indicators of a good prognosis are limited. Additionally, several reports indicated the correlation between a poor prognosis and injury to the posterior limb of the internal capsule, focusing on horizontal progression of the hematoma.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185">7–9</a>We sometimes experience patients with a poor prognosis who do not have injury of the internal capsule, but present with injury in the long insular artery (LIA) region. The LIA is one of the medullary arteries that is in close proximity to the territory of the deep perforators of the periventricular white matter. The LIA arises from the insular segment of the middle cerebral artery, and is anatomically intermediate between the lenticulostriate artery (LSA) and the white matter medullary arteries (WMAAs), supplying the insular cortex, extreme capsule, claustrum and external capsule, and quite often extends to the corona radiata. Neurological deficits due to LIA infarction are similar to those of LSA infarction.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0200">10–17</a> LIA infarction is usually encountered mainly by neurosurgeons who operate on brain tumors, because interruption of this artery during resection of opercular glioma often results in operative hemiparesis and the characteristic corona radiata infarction.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240">18–21</a> This entity has, however, attracted much less attention from physicians in other fields, and there are no reports about the correlation between putaminal hemorrhage and LIA damage.We hypothesized that patients with putaminal hemorrhage but without injury to both the posterior limb of the internal capsule and long insular artery region are likely to have a good clinical course. The purpose of this study was to confirm the relationship between damage to the LIA region and prognosis in patients with putaminal hemorrhage. This is the first study to research the correlation between LIA region injury and prognosis in patients with putaminal hemorrhage.MethodsStudy designThe Ethics Committee of Nakamura Memorial Hospital approved this study protocol, which was performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Participants in this observational, non-randomized study were identified via a retrospective electronic chart review of putaminal hemorrhage patients treated between January 2004 and March 2022 at the Nakamura Memorial Hospital.PatientsWe retrospectively collected the data of 287 surgical cases who presented with putaminal hemorrhage between January 2004 and March 2022. Patients who met the following criteria were excluded from among them: (1) initial injury to the posterior limb of the internal capsule, (2) concurrence of aneurysm and Moyamoya disease, (3) complication of rebleeding, (4) those who underwent surgical treatment over 48h after symptom onset, (5) death, and (6) details unknown.ImagingAccording to our stroke imaging protocol, patients were scheduled to undergo computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) or digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as soon as they presented to our hospital, and follow-up CT or MRI 7 days after surgical treatment. The images were analyzed by two experienced stroke neurologists.Stroke associated with sacrifice of the insular perforators during resection of opercular gliomas extends from the top of the insular cortex to the periventricular corona radiata (the radiologic virtual line: A-I line), which is in accordance with its anatomic vascular distribution.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240">18–21</a> Hence, we defined initial LIA damage as hematoma reaching the highest level of the temporal ventricle, as observed on preoperative coronal or axial CT slices (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). Final LIA injury positivity was defined as the presence of white matter infarction adjacent to the highest level of the temporal ventricle on coronal or axial CT or MRI images on Day 7 after surgery.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia>The initial patterns of hematoma distribution were classified as lateral type (hematoma located only in the lenticular nucleus), anterior type (hematoma located in the lenticular nucleus and anterior limb of the internal capsule), and posterior type (hematoma located in the lenticular nucleus and posterior limb of the internal capsule). We also assessed consolidations of thalamic hemorrhage, and intraventricular penetration.Manual muscle test (MMT) scores were assessed on the day of discharge from the hospital. A good clinical course was defined as an MMT score≥3, which indicates the ability to maintain activities of daily living.Clinical and statistical analysisBased on the results of CT or MRI images obtained 7 days after the surgical treatment, we divided the patients into two groups for comparison of their baseline characteristics and brain images. Patients who did not have injury in the LIA region at 7 days postoperatively were categorized as group A, while those with damage to the LIA region were categorized as group B.The primary outcome was the positivity rate of MMT scores≥3. We also retrospectively checked the initial pattern of hematoma distribution, volume of hematoma, symptom onset to treatment time, and surgical treatment performed. Categorical variables were analyzed using the Chi square test or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate. Continuous variables were analyzed using the unpaired t test or Mann–Whitney U test, as appropriate. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.To identify favorable prognostic factors for surgical cases of putaminal hemorrhage, logistic regression analysis was applied using clinical candidate factors such as damage at LIA region, patient age, gender, risk factors, region of hematoma, intraventricular hematoma, thalamus hematoma, onset to operation time, initial hematoma volume, surgical method, and days spent in hospital. The odds ratios with confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for each factor, and multivariate analysis was performed using factors with a p-value of 0.1 or less. Statistical significance was defined as a p-value less than 0.05. If the Variance Inflation Factor exceeded 10, one of the two parameters was adopted for the multivariate analysis. All statistical analyses were performed using EZR software (Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260">22</a>ResultsClinical informationA total of 287 surgical cases had putaminal hemorrhage during the study period. Among them, 63 patients met our study inclusion criteria. A total of 224 of them were excluded because of initial damage to the posterior limb of the internal capsule (n=151), concurrence of aneurysm (n=3) or Moyamoya disease (n=1), complication of rebleeding after surgical treatment (n=9), performance of surgery more than 48h after symptom onset (n=12), death (n=41), and details unknown (n=7). Sixteen of the remaining 63 patients did not have LIA damage on the 7th day after the surgical procedure. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows the general characteristics of the subjects stratified according to the presence of LIA damage on the 7th day after the surgical procedure. Age, sex, and baseline clinical risk factors did not differ between the two groups.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>Primary outcome measuresThere were eleven cases (68.8%) in group A and nine cases (19.1%) in group B that were positive for MMT scores≥3 (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>). Group A, thus, had a significantly higher rate of MMT scores≥3 than group B (p=0.00), as assessed using Chi square test (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>Other parametersGroup A had significantly lower rates of initial injury to the LIA region, longer time from onset to operation, and less initial hematoma volume (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>) (p=0.00, 0.01, 0.01 respectively) than group B, as assessed using Fisher's exact test, and unpaired t test, as appropriate. In Group A, 68.8% of patients had no initial damage in the LIA region (versus 0% in Group B). <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig. 4</a> shows the images of sample cases from Groups A and B. Initial hematoma distribution, surgical method, and days spent in hospital did not differ between the two groups (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia>Predictive factor for surgical cases of putaminal hemorrhageSince the Variance Inflation Factor exceeded 10 when initial LIA damage and LIA damage on 7 days after surgical treatment were included in the multivariate analysis, only LIA damage on 7 days after surgical treatment was employed. According to multivariate analysis (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>), presence of damage at LIA region on 7 days after surgical treatment was found to be the sole significant predictive factor for MMT scores≥3 on the day of discharge from the hospital in this eligible cases (p=0.02).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia>DiscussionIn the absence of initial damage to the posterior limb of the internal capsule, final LIA damage correlated with functional prognosis in patients with putaminal hemorrhage in this study. These outcomes supported our hypothesis.The first international multicenter surgical trial in intracerebral hemorrhage (STICH) found that patients with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage in neurosurgical units show no overall benefit from early surgery when compared with initial conservative treatment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165">3</a> Subsequently, the STICH II study results confirmed that early surgery within 48h of ictus does not increase the rate of death or disability at 6 months, and might provide a small but clinically relevant survival advantage in patients with spontaneous superficial intracerebral hemorrhage, 10–100mL in volume, without intraventricular hemorrhage.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265">23</a> Japanese Guidelines for the Management of Stroke derived from such randomized control studies clarify the surgical benefits under specific conditions, such as putaminal hemorrhage >31ml and severe brain compression.Although several meta-analyses, other randomized control studies and case series revealed that age, initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, time from event to treatment, hematoma volume, and injury of the internal capsule correlate with outcomes,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270">24–26</a> reports focusing on the correlation between LIA damage and outcomes of putaminal hemorrhage are lacking.Recently, 3Tesla (T) MR imaging has become practical in clinical settings. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) using a 3T magnet provides more precise information on white matter fiber orientation. Several papers reported that poor clinical outcomes in terms of hemiparesis following stroke (including both hematoma and infarction) correlated with low fractional anisotropy scores not only in the posterior limb of the internal capsule, but also at the upper level of the corona radiata.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0285">27–30</a> These reports support our study results, indicating that damage in the vertical direction, especially in the LIA region alone, plays an important role in functional prognosis in patients with putaminal hemorrhage.We believe final LIA damage might occur for two reasons. One is initial damage in the LIA region, and the other is surgical complications. The group that did not have final LIA damage had lower rates of initial damage in the LIA region and a smaller initial hematoma volume. These results indicate that initial damage in the LIA region is one of the most important factors for estimation of functional prognosis following surgery for putaminal hemorrhage. However, since we assessed these factors only by CT or MRI because of the difficulty of angiographically identifying LIA damage when severely compressed by putaminal hematoma, we could not distinguish whether the damage in the LIA region was due to the initial injury or a surgical complication. Additionally, since this was a retrospective study with a small sample size, further studies with a larger sample size are required to confirm the outcomes following surgery for putaminal hemorrhage.ConclusionIn patients without initial damage to the internal capsule, LIA damage might be a key predictor of functional prognosis following putaminal hemorrhage.Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1957259" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1684448" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1957258" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1684447" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Methods" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Study design" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Patients" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Imaging" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Clinical and statistical analysis" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Results" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Clinical information" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Primary outcome measures" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Other parameters" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Predictive factor for surgical cases of putaminal hemorrhage" ] ] ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0065" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0070" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 10 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2022-03-18" "fechaAceptado" => "2022-08-21" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1684448" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Stroke" 1 => "Putaminal hemorrhage" 2 => "Long insular artery" 3 => "Functional prognosis" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1684447" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Accidente cerebrovascular" 1 => "Hemorragia putaminal" 2 => "Arteria insular larga" 3 => "Pronóstico funcional" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "ObjectiveAlthough the putamen is the most common area of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, previous reports about the effects of surgery are limited. We sometimes experience a poor prognosis in patients in whom there is no damage to the internal capsule, but with injury in the long insular artery (LIA) region. The purpose of this study was to confirm the relationship between LIA damage and patient prognosis following surgery for putaminal hemorrhage. MethodsWe retrospectively collected data of 287 surgical cases who presented with putaminal hemorrhage between January 2004 and March 2022. Among them, we chose patients without initial damage to the posterior limb of the internal capsule, and divided these patients into two groups, those without (Group A) and with (Group B) final damage in the LIA region. We compared positivity rates of final manual muscle test (MMT) scores≥3 and related factors. ResultsSixty-three of the 287 patients were included in this study. Of them, 11 cases in Group A were positive for MMT scores≥3 (68.8%) and 9 cases (19.1%) in Group B had MMT scores≥3 seven days after surgery. Group A thus had a significantly higher rate of MMT scores≥3 than group B (p=0.00). ConclusionIn patients without initial damage to the internal capsule, LIA injury might be a key sign for predicting the functional prognosis of putaminal hemorrhage." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "ObjetivoAunque el putamen es la zona más común de la hemorragia intracerebral espontánea, los informes previos sobre los efectos de la cirugía son limitados. En ocasiones se observa un mal pronóstico en los pacientes en los que no hay daño en la cápsula interna, pero sí en la región de la arteria insular larga (AIL). El propósito de este estudio fue confirmar la relación entre el daño de la AIL y el pronóstico de los pacientes tras la cirugía de la hemorragia putaminal. MétodosSe recogieron retrospectivamente los datos de 287 casos quirúrgicos que se presentaron con hemorragia putaminal entre enero de 2004 y marzo de 2022. Entre ellos, elegimos a los pacientes sin daño inicial en la extremidad posterior de la cápsula interna, y dividimos a estos pacientes en 2 grupos, los que no tenían (grupo A) y los que tenían (grupo B) daño final en la región AIL. Se compararon las tasas de positividad de las puntuaciones finales de la prueba muscular manual (TMM)≥3 y los factores relacionados. ResultadosSesenta y tres de los 287 pacientes fueron incluidos en este estudio. De ellos, 11 casos del grupo A tuvieron puntuaciones de MMT≥3 positivas (68,8%) y 9 casos (19,1%) del grupo B tuvieron puntuaciones de MMT≥3, 7 días después de la cirugía. Así pues, el grupo A tuvo una tasa significativamente mayor de puntuaciones MMT≥3 que el grupo B (p=0,00). ConclusiónEn los pacientes sin daño inicial en la cápsula interna, la lesión del AIL podría ser un signo clave para predecir el pronóstico funcional de la hemorragia putaminal." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:7 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 930 "Ancho" => 1675 "Tamanyo" => 133280 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Definition of initial long insular artery damage. The vascular territories of subcortical white matter and the basal ganglia on coronal images are schematically shown. These areas are supplied by three individual arteries branching from the middle cerebral artery, namely the lenticulostriate artery (LSA: bold line) from the M1 segment, the long insular artery (LIA: dashed line) from the M2 segment, and the white matter medullary arteries (WMMAs: dotted lines) from the M3 or M4 segment (A). To standardize radiologic interpretation, the radiologists drew a virtual line from the tip of the anterior horn to the top of the superior limb of the insular cleft (the A–I line). We defined initial LIA damage based on the presence of a hematoma reaching the highest level of the temporal ventricle on coronal or axial CT slices (B)." ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 974 "Ancho" => 2175 "Tamanyo" => 68589 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Final MMT scores. Group A had a significantly higher rate of manual muscle test (MMT) scores over 3 than group B (p=0.00), as assessed using Chi square test." ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 981 "Ancho" => 2175 "Tamanyo" => 73030 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Initial damage at LIA region. There were significantly lower rates of initial damage of LIA region (p=0.00), as assessed using Fisher's exact test. LIA, long insular artery." ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0020" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 1070 "Ancho" => 3175 "Tamanyo" => 385044 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Comparison between the study group. In the patients who didn’t have the damage of LIA region at 7 days (Group A), There were more often no initial damage at LIA region (68.8% in Group A, 0% in Group B). LIA, long insular artery." ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "Baseline clinical risk factors did not differ between the two groups. SD, standard deviation." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Baseline characteristics \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Group A \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Group B \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">p value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">(n=16) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">(n=47) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age, years (mean±SD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">60.6±12.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">56.6±11.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Male, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 (43.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">27 (57.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.51 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Risk factors, n (%)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Hypertension \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 (75.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">35 (74.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.77 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Diabetes mellitus \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (6.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 (10.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.64 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Dyslipidemia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (12.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 (10.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Renal failure \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (6.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (6.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.56 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Previous stroke \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 (31.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 (14.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Antithrombotic therapy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (18.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (8.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.36 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3257772.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Baseline characteristics of the study groups." ] ] 5 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "There were significantly less initial hematoma volume (p=0.01), and longer time from onset to operation (p=0.01) as assessed using unpaired t test. Lateral type, hematoma located just in lenticular nucleus; anterior type, hematoma located in lenticular nucleus and anterior limb of internal capsule; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Other measurements \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Group A \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Group B \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">p value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">(n=16) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">(n=47) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Region of hematoma (%)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Lateral type \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13 (81.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">35 (74.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.74 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Anterior type \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (18.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 (25.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.74 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Intraventricular hematoma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (25.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">22 (46.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Thalamus hematoma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 (0.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (4.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Onset to operation time, hour (median, IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14.5 (4.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7.15 (3.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Initial hematoma volume, ml (median, IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">48.4 (34.05) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">74.1 (51.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Surgical method (%)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Transsylvian approach \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 (56.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">23 (48.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.83 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Transcortical approach \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (12.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16 (34.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Aspiration \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 (31.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 (14.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Days spent in hospital, days (mean±SD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">84.8±90.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">126.9±108.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3257771.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Other measurements data of the study groups." ] ] 6 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at3" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "Damage at LIA region on 7 days after surgical treatment were statistically significantly related to discharged MMT scores≥3 on surgical cases of putaminal hemorrhage on multivariate-logistic regression analysis. MMT, manual muscle test; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Univariate-logistic regression analysis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Multivariate-logistic regression analysis</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Parameters \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR (95% CI) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Damage at LIA region on 7 days after surgical treatment \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.05 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.18 (0.043–0.78) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.02 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Risk factors</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Hypertension \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.74 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Diabetes mellitus \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Dyslipidemia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.34 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Renal failure \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.99 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Previous stroke \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.87 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Antithrombotic therapy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.53 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Region of hematoma</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Lateral type \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Anterior type \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Intraventricular hematoma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.07 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.34 (0.09–1.35) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Thalamus hematoma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.99 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Onset to operation time \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.07 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.98(0.91–1.06) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.64 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Initial hematoma volume \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.05 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.97(0.94–1.00) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.05 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Surgical method</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Transsylvian approach \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.27 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Transcortical approach \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.99 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Aspiration \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.04 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.83(0.63–23.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Days spent in hospital \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3257770.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Predictors of discharged MMT scores≥3 on surgical cases of putaminal hemorrhage." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:30 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0155" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Primary intracerebral hemorrhage in Izumo City, Japan: incidence rates and outcome in relation to the site of hemorrhage" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "T. 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          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Definition of initial long insular artery damage&#46; The vascular territories of subcortical white matter and the basal ganglia on coronal images are schematically shown&#46; These areas are supplied by three individual arteries branching from the middle cerebral artery&#44; namely the lenticulostriate artery &#40;LSA&#58; bold line&#41; from the M1 segment&#44; the long insular artery &#40;LIA&#58; dashed line&#41; from the M2 segment&#44; and the white matter medullary arteries &#40;WMMAs&#58; dotted lines&#41; from the M3 or M4 segment &#40;A&#41;&#46; To standardize radiologic interpretation&#44; the radiologists drew a virtual line from the tip of the anterior horn to the top of the superior limb of the insular cleft &#40;the A&#8211;I line&#41;&#46; We defined initial LIA damage based on the presence of a hematoma reaching the highest level of the temporal ventricle on coronal or axial CT slices &#40;B&#41;&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The putamen is the most common site of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage &#40;ICH&#41;&#44; comprising 48&#8211;67&#37; of all spontaneous ICHs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Hemiplegia&#44; which is the main clinical feature following putaminal hemorrhage&#44; is related to the anatomical characteristics of the putamen&#44; in particular to the proximity of the corticospinal tracts&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Since several randomized control trials have reported that neurosurgical therapies are ineffective in preventing the devastating neurologic consequences of hypertensive putaminal hemorrhage&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;6</span></a> data on indicators of a good prognosis are limited&#46; Additionally&#44; several reports indicated the correlation between a poor prognosis and injury to the posterior limb of the internal capsule&#44; focusing on horizontal progression of the hematoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#8211;9</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We sometimes experience patients with a poor prognosis who do not have injury of the internal capsule&#44; but present with injury in the long insular artery &#40;LIA&#41; region&#46; The LIA is one of the medullary arteries that is in close proximity to the territory of the deep perforators of the periventricular white matter&#46; The LIA arises from the insular segment of the middle cerebral artery&#44; and is anatomically intermediate between the lenticulostriate artery &#40;LSA&#41; and the white matter medullary arteries &#40;WMAAs&#41;&#44; supplying the insular cortex&#44; extreme capsule&#44; claustrum and external capsule&#44; and quite often extends to the corona radiata&#46; Neurological deficits due to LIA infarction are similar to those of LSA infarction&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#8211;17</span></a> LIA infarction is usually encountered mainly by neurosurgeons who operate on brain tumors&#44; because interruption of this artery during resection of opercular glioma often results in operative hemiparesis and the characteristic corona radiata infarction&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#8211;21</span></a> This entity has&#44; however&#44; attracted much less attention from physicians in other fields&#44; and there are no reports about the correlation between putaminal hemorrhage and LIA damage&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We hypothesized that patients with putaminal hemorrhage but without injury to both the posterior limb of the internal capsule and long insular artery region are likely to have a good clinical course&#46; The purpose of this study was to confirm the relationship between damage to the LIA region and prognosis in patients with putaminal hemorrhage&#46; This is the first study to research the correlation between LIA region injury and prognosis in patients with putaminal hemorrhage&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Study design</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Ethics Committee of Nakamura Memorial Hospital approved this study protocol&#44; which was performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki&#46; Participants in this observational&#44; non-randomized study were identified via a retrospective electronic chart review of putaminal hemorrhage patients treated between January 2004 and March 2022 at the Nakamura Memorial Hospital&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Patients</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We retrospectively collected the data of 287 surgical cases who presented with putaminal hemorrhage between January 2004 and March 2022&#46; Patients who met the following criteria were excluded from among them&#58; &#40;1&#41; initial injury to the posterior limb of the internal capsule&#44; &#40;2&#41; concurrence of aneurysm and Moyamoya disease&#44; &#40;3&#41; complication of rebleeding&#44; &#40;4&#41; those who underwent surgical treatment over 48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h after symptom onset&#44; &#40;5&#41; death&#44; and &#40;6&#41; details unknown&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Imaging</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to our stroke imaging protocol&#44; patients were scheduled to undergo computed tomography &#40;CT&#41; and magnetic resonance angiography &#40;MRA&#41; or digital subtraction angiography &#40;DSA&#41; as soon as they presented to our hospital&#44; and follow-up CT or MRI 7 days after surgical treatment&#46; The images were analyzed by two experienced stroke neurologists&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Stroke associated with sacrifice of the insular perforators during resection of opercular gliomas extends from the top of the insular cortex to the periventricular corona radiata &#40;the radiologic virtual line&#58; A-I line&#41;&#44; which is in accordance with its anatomic vascular distribution&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#8211;21</span></a> Hence&#44; we defined initial LIA damage as hematoma reaching the highest level of the temporal ventricle&#44; as observed on preoperative coronal or axial CT slices &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; Final LIA injury positivity was defined as the presence of white matter infarction adjacent to the highest level of the temporal ventricle on coronal or axial CT or MRI images on Day 7 after surgery&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The initial patterns of hematoma distribution were classified as lateral type &#40;hematoma located only in the lenticular nucleus&#41;&#44; anterior type &#40;hematoma located in the lenticular nucleus and anterior limb of the internal capsule&#41;&#44; and posterior type &#40;hematoma located in the lenticular nucleus and posterior limb of the internal capsule&#41;&#46; We also assessed consolidations of thalamic hemorrhage&#44; and intraventricular penetration&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Manual muscle test &#40;MMT&#41; scores were assessed on the day of discharge from the hospital&#46; A good clinical course was defined as an MMT score<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44; which indicates the ability to maintain activities of daily living&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Clinical and statistical analysis</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Based on the results of CT or MRI images obtained 7 days after the surgical treatment&#44; we divided the patients into two groups for comparison of their baseline characteristics and brain images&#46; Patients who did not have injury in the LIA region at 7 days postoperatively were categorized as group A&#44; while those with damage to the LIA region were categorized as group B&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The primary outcome was the positivity rate of MMT scores<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46; We also retrospectively checked the initial pattern of hematoma distribution&#44; volume of hematoma&#44; symptom onset to treatment time&#44; and surgical treatment performed&#46; Categorical variables were analyzed using the Chi square test or Fisher&#39;s exact test&#44; as appropriate&#46; Continuous variables were analyzed using the unpaired <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> test or Mann&#8211;Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> test&#44; as appropriate&#46; Statistical significance was set at <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To identify favorable prognostic factors for surgical cases of putaminal hemorrhage&#44; logistic regression analysis was applied using clinical candidate factors such as damage at LIA region&#44; patient age&#44; gender&#44; risk factors&#44; region of hematoma&#44; intraventricular hematoma&#44; thalamus hematoma&#44; onset to operation time&#44; initial hematoma volume&#44; surgical method&#44; and days spent in hospital&#46; The odds ratios with confidence intervals &#40;CI&#41; were calculated for each factor&#44; and multivariate analysis was performed using factors with a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value of 0&#46;1 or less&#46; Statistical significance was defined as a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value less than 0&#46;05&#46; If the Variance Inflation Factor exceeded 10&#44; one of the two parameters was adopted for the multivariate analysis&#46; All statistical analyses were performed using EZR software &#40;Saitama Medical Center&#44; Jichi Medical University&#44; Saitama&#44; Japan&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a></p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Results</span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Clinical information</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 287 surgical cases had putaminal hemorrhage during the study period&#46; Among them&#44; 63 patients met our study inclusion criteria&#46; A total of 224 of them were excluded because of initial damage to the posterior limb of the internal capsule &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>151&#41;&#44; concurrence of aneurysm &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#41; or Moyamoya disease &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#41;&#44; complication of rebleeding after surgical treatment &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#41;&#44; performance of surgery more than 48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h after symptom onset &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#41;&#44; death &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>41&#41;&#44; and details unknown &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#41;&#46; Sixteen of the remaining 63 patients did not have LIA damage on the 7th day after the surgical procedure&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows the general characteristics of the subjects stratified according to the presence of LIA damage on the 7th day after the surgical procedure&#46; Age&#44; sex&#44; and baseline clinical risk factors did not differ between the two groups&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Primary outcome measures</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There were eleven cases &#40;68&#46;8&#37;&#41; in group A and nine cases &#40;19&#46;1&#37;&#41; in group B that were positive for MMT scores<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; Group A&#44; thus&#44; had a significantly higher rate of MMT scores<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3 than group B &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;00&#41;&#44; as assessed using Chi square test &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Other parameters</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Group A had significantly lower rates of initial injury to the LIA region&#44; longer time from onset to operation&#44; and less initial hematoma volume &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;00&#44; 0&#46;01&#44; 0&#46;01 respectively&#41; than group B&#44; as assessed using Fisher&#39;s exact test&#44; and unpaired t test&#44; as appropriate&#46; In Group A&#44; 68&#46;8&#37; of patients had no initial damage in the LIA region &#40;versus 0&#37; in Group B&#41;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig&#46; 4</a> shows the images of sample cases from Groups A and B&#46; Initial hematoma distribution&#44; surgical method&#44; and days spent in hospital did not differ between the two groups &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Predictive factor for surgical cases of putaminal hemorrhage</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Since the Variance Inflation Factor exceeded 10 when initial LIA damage and LIA damage on 7 days after surgical treatment were included in the multivariate analysis&#44; only LIA damage on 7 days after surgical treatment was employed&#46; According to multivariate analysis &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#44; presence of damage at LIA region on 7 days after surgical treatment was found to be the sole significant predictive factor for MMT scores<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3 on the day of discharge from the hospital in this eligible cases &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;02&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Discussion</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the absence of initial damage to the posterior limb of the internal capsule&#44; final LIA damage correlated with functional prognosis in patients with putaminal hemorrhage in this study&#46; These outcomes supported our hypothesis&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The first international multicenter surgical trial in intracerebral hemorrhage &#40;STICH&#41; found that patients with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage in neurosurgical units show no overall benefit from early surgery when compared with initial conservative treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Subsequently&#44; the STICH II study results confirmed that early surgery within 48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h of ictus does not increase the rate of death or disability at 6 months&#44; and might provide a small but clinically relevant survival advantage in patients with spontaneous superficial intracerebral hemorrhage&#44; 10&#8211;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL in volume&#44; without intraventricular hemorrhage&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> Japanese Guidelines for the Management of Stroke derived from such randomized control studies clarify the surgical benefits under specific conditions&#44; such as putaminal hemorrhage &#62;31<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml and severe brain compression&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although several meta-analyses&#44; other randomized control studies and case series revealed that age&#44; initial Glasgow Coma Scale &#40;GCS&#41; score&#44; time from event to treatment&#44; hematoma volume&#44; and injury of the internal capsule correlate with outcomes&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#8211;26</span></a> reports focusing on the correlation between LIA damage and outcomes of putaminal hemorrhage are lacking&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Recently&#44; 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tesla &#40;T&#41; MR imaging has become practical in clinical settings&#46; Diffusion tensor imaging &#40;DTI&#41; using a 3T magnet provides more precise information on white matter fiber orientation&#46; Several papers reported that poor clinical outcomes in terms of hemiparesis following stroke &#40;including both hematoma and infarction&#41; correlated with low fractional anisotropy scores not only in the posterior limb of the internal capsule&#44; but also at the upper level of the corona radiata&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27&#8211;30</span></a> These reports support our study results&#44; indicating that damage in the vertical direction&#44; especially in the LIA region alone&#44; plays an important role in functional prognosis in patients with putaminal hemorrhage&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We believe final LIA damage might occur for two reasons&#46; One is initial damage in the LIA region&#44; and the other is surgical complications&#46; The group that did not have final LIA damage had lower rates of initial damage in the LIA region and a smaller initial hematoma volume&#46; These results indicate that initial damage in the LIA region is one of the most important factors for estimation of functional prognosis following surgery for putaminal hemorrhage&#46; However&#44; since we assessed these factors only by CT or MRI because of the difficulty of angiographically identifying LIA damage when severely compressed by putaminal hematoma&#44; we could not distinguish whether the damage in the LIA region was due to the initial injury or a surgical complication&#46; Additionally&#44; since this was a retrospective study with a small sample size&#44; further studies with a larger sample size are required to confirm the outcomes following surgery for putaminal hemorrhage&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Conclusion</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In patients without initial damage to the internal capsule&#44; LIA damage might be a key predictor of functional prognosis following putaminal hemorrhage&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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              "titulo" => "Predictive factor for surgical cases of putaminal hemorrhage"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2022-03-18"
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            1 => "Putaminal hemorrhage"
            2 => "Long insular artery"
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            0 => "Accidente cerebrovascular"
            1 => "Hemorragia putaminal"
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            3 => "Pron&#243;stico funcional"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Although the putamen is the most common area of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage&#44; previous reports about the effects of surgery are limited&#46; We sometimes experience a poor prognosis in patients in whom there is no damage to the internal capsule&#44; but with injury in the long insular artery &#40;LIA&#41; region&#46; The purpose of this study was to confirm the relationship between LIA damage and patient prognosis following surgery for putaminal hemorrhage&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We retrospectively collected data of 287 surgical cases who presented with putaminal hemorrhage between January 2004 and March 2022&#46; Among them&#44; we chose patients without initial damage to the posterior limb of the internal capsule&#44; and divided these patients into two groups&#44; those without &#40;Group A&#41; and with &#40;Group B&#41; final damage in the LIA region&#46; We compared positivity rates of final manual muscle test &#40;MMT&#41; scores<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3 and related factors&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sixty-three of the 287 patients were included in this study&#46; Of them&#44; 11 cases in Group A were positive for MMT scores<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3 &#40;68&#46;8&#37;&#41; and 9 cases &#40;19&#46;1&#37;&#41; in Group B had MMT scores<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3 seven days after surgery&#46; Group A thus had a significantly higher rate of MMT scores<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3 than group B &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;00&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In patients without initial damage to the internal capsule&#44; LIA injury might be a key sign for predicting the functional prognosis of putaminal hemorrhage&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Aunque el putamen es la zona m&#225;s com&#250;n de la hemorragia intracerebral espont&#225;nea&#44; los informes previos sobre los efectos de la cirug&#237;a son limitados&#46; En ocasiones se observa un mal pron&#243;stico en los pacientes en los que no hay da&#241;o en la c&#225;psula interna&#44; pero s&#237; en la regi&#243;n de la arteria insular larga &#40;AIL&#41;&#46; El prop&#243;sito de este estudio fue confirmar la relaci&#243;n entre el da&#241;o de la AIL y el pron&#243;stico de los pacientes tras la cirug&#237;a de la hemorragia putaminal&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se recogieron retrospectivamente los datos de 287 casos quir&#250;rgicos que se presentaron con hemorragia putaminal entre enero de 2004 y marzo de 2022&#46; Entre ellos&#44; elegimos a los pacientes sin da&#241;o inicial en la extremidad posterior de la c&#225;psula interna&#44; y dividimos a estos pacientes en 2 grupos&#44; los que no ten&#237;an &#40;grupo A&#41; y los que ten&#237;an &#40;grupo B&#41; da&#241;o final en la regi&#243;n AIL&#46; Se compararon las tasas de positividad de las puntuaciones finales de la prueba muscular manual &#40;TMM&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3 y los factores relacionados&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sesenta y tres de los 287 pacientes fueron incluidos en este estudio&#46; De ellos&#44; 11 casos del grupo A tuvieron puntuaciones de MMT<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3 positivas &#40;68&#44;8&#37;&#41; y 9 casos &#40;19&#44;1&#37;&#41; del grupo B tuvieron puntuaciones de MMT<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44; 7 d&#237;as despu&#233;s de la cirug&#237;a&#46; As&#237; pues&#44; el grupo A tuvo una tasa significativamente mayor de puntuaciones MMT<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3 que el grupo B &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;00&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En los pacientes sin da&#241;o inicial en la c&#225;psula interna&#44; la lesi&#243;n del AIL podr&#237;a ser un signo clave para predecir el pron&#243;stico funcional de la hemorragia putaminal&#46;</p></span>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Definition of initial long insular artery damage&#46; The vascular territories of subcortical white matter and the basal ganglia on coronal images are schematically shown&#46; These areas are supplied by three individual arteries branching from the middle cerebral artery&#44; namely the lenticulostriate artery &#40;LSA&#58; bold line&#41; from the M1 segment&#44; the long insular artery &#40;LIA&#58; dashed line&#41; from the M2 segment&#44; and the white matter medullary arteries &#40;WMMAs&#58; dotted lines&#41; from the M3 or M4 segment &#40;A&#41;&#46; To standardize radiologic interpretation&#44; the radiologists drew a virtual line from the tip of the anterior horn to the top of the superior limb of the insular cleft &#40;the A&#8211;I line&#41;&#46; We defined initial LIA damage based on the presence of a hematoma reaching the highest level of the temporal ventricle on coronal or axial CT slices &#40;B&#41;&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Final MMT scores&#46; Group A had a significantly higher rate of manual muscle test &#40;MMT&#41; scores over 3 than group B &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;00&#41;&#44; as assessed using Chi square test&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Initial damage at LIA region&#46; There were significantly lower rates of initial damage of LIA region &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;00&#41;&#44; as assessed using Fisher&#39;s exact test&#46; LIA&#44; long insular artery&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">There were significantly less initial hematoma volume &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#44; and longer time from onset to operation &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41; as assessed using unpaired <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> test&#46; Lateral type&#44; hematoma located just in lenticular nucleus&#59; anterior type&#44; hematoma located in lenticular nucleus and anterior limb of internal capsule&#59; IQR&#44; interquartile range&#59; SD&#44; standard deviation&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Other measurements&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;81&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">35 &#40;74&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;18&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;25&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">22 &#40;46&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;4&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Onset to operation time&#44; hour &#40;median&#44; IQR&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">14&#46;5 &#40;4&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;15 &#40;3&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Initial hematoma volume&#44; ml &#40;median&#44; IQR&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">74&#46;1 &#40;51&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Transsylvian approach&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">23 &#40;48&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;12&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;34&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Aspiration&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;31&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;14&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Days spent in hospital&#44; days &#40;mean</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SD&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">84&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>90&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">126&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>108&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Univariate-logistic regression analysis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;18 &#40;0&#46;043&#8211;0&#46;78&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dyslipidemia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Renal failure&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Previous stroke&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Antithrombotic therapy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;53&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;97&#40;0&#46;94&#8211;1&#46;00&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;83&#40;0&#46;63&#8211;23&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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