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            1 => "Colapso ventricular"
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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El drenaje excesivo de las v&#225;lvulas constituye una complicaci&#243;n dificil&#44; tanto de prevenir como de tratar&#46; Los autores revisan una serie de 512 ni&#241;os operados mediante derivaci&#243;n de l&#237;quido cefalorraqu&#237;deo&#44; de manera retrospectiva&#44; para analizar las causas de esta complicaci&#243;n&#46; La causa de la hidrocefalia fue cong&#233;nita &#40;n&#61; 172&#41;&#44; debida a mielomeningocele &#40;n&#61; 123&#41;&#44; posthe-morr&#225;gica &#40;n&#61;103&#41;&#44; tumoral &#40;n&#61; 64&#41;&#44; postinfecciosa &#40;n&#61;40&#41; y postraum&#225;tica &#40;n&#61; 10&#41;&#46; Ochenta y ocho ni&#241;os &#40;17&#44;8&#37;&#41; presentaron alguna complicaci&#243;n por funcionamiento excesivo del sistema valvular&#46; Se analiz&#243; la etiolog&#237;a de la hidrocefalia relacion&#225;ndola con los cuadros de hiperdrenaje&#46; La complicaci&#243;n m&#225;s frecuente fue la obstrucci&#243;n del extremo ventricular de la derivaci&#243;n &#40;n&#61; 50&#41;&#44; seguida del cuadro de colapso ventricular sintom&#225;tico &#40;n&#61; 19&#41;&#44; de hematoma subdural &#40;n&#61; 10&#41; y de cuarto ventr&#237;culo aislado &#40;n&#61;9&#41;&#46; Las diversas complicaciones se distribuyeron de manera homog&#233;nea entre todos los grupos etiol&#243;gicos&#44; sin diferencia estad&#237;stica&#46; El cuadro de colapso ventricular sintom&#225;tico &#40;CVS&#41; ocurri&#243; en 19 ni&#241;os &#40;3&#44;71&#37;&#41;&#44; cifra menor que la descrita en la bibliograf&#237;a&#46; S&#243;lo dos grupos de pacientes con hidrocefalia adquirida &#40;postinfecciosa y posthemorr&#225;gica&#41; tuvieron una mayor tasa de CVS &#40;p&#61;0&#44;005&#41;&#44; lo que se atribuy&#243; a la mayor incidencia en estos ni&#241;os de procesos destructivos cerebrales&#46; El tratamiento del CVS fue complejo y requiri&#243; diversos procedimientos&#44; que se aplicaron de manera escalonada&#44; incluyendo cinco craniectom&#237;as descompresivas&#46; Los autores recomiendan evitar&#44; en lo posible&#44; el empleo de v&#225;lvulas&#44; utilizando en su lugar&#44; y siempre que sea posible&#44; t&#233;cnicas de neuroendoscopia&#44; o v&#225;lvulas de nueva tecnolog&#237;a&#44; que supuestamente disminuir&#225;n el n&#250;mero de complicaciones de hiperfunci&#243;n valvular&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Overdrainage in ventricular shunting constitutes a dif&#241;cult to prevent and to treat complication&#46; The authors reviewed a retrospective series of 512 children submitted to a ventricular shunting procedure aimed at analysing factors influencing this type of complication&#46; The causes for the hydrocephalus were congenital &#40;n&#61;172&#41;&#44; post-myelomeningocele &#40;n&#61;123&#41;&#44; posthemor-rhagic &#40;n&#61;103&#41;&#44; tumoral &#40;n&#61;64&#41;&#44; postmeningitis &#40;n&#61;40&#41; and posttraumatic &#40;n&#61;10&#41;&#46; Eighty-eight children &#40;17&#46;8&#37;&#41; evolved with a complication related to the excessive function of the valve&#46; The authors investi-gated the relationship between hydrocephalus&#8217; etiology and type of overdrainage syndromes&#46; The most frequent complication was ventricular catheter block &#40;n&#61;50&#41;&#44; followed by symptomatic slit ventricle syndrome &#40;SVS&#41; &#40;n&#61;19&#41;&#44; subdural hematoma &#40;n&#61;10&#41; and trapped fourth ventricle &#40;n&#61;9&#41;&#46; There were no statistical differences regarding complications for each etiologic subset of hydrocephalus&#46; SVS occurred in 19 children &#40;3&#44;71&#37;&#41;&#44; a low rate according to the current literature&#46; Posthe-morrhagic and postinfectious hydrocephalus grouped together showed a higher rate of SVS &#40;p&#61;0&#44;005&#41;&#44; a feature that we attributed to the cerebral destruction caused by these two conditions&#46; Treatment of SVS was complex and required diverse procedures&#44; applied in an escalated way&#44; which included five decompressive cra-niectomies&#46; The authors suggest avoiding&#44; as much as possible&#44; the use of ventricular shunts&#44; and recommend the alternative use of new technology valves and neuroendoscopic procedures&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 16. Núm. 2.
Páginas 124-133 (enero 2004)
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Vol. 16. Núm. 2.
Páginas 124-133 (enero 2004)
Síndromes de hiperdrenaje de las válvulas en hidrocefalia infantil
Syndromes of overdrainage of ventricular shunting in childhood hydrocephalus
Visitas
3207
J.F. Martínez-Lage
, M.A. Pérez-Espejo, M.J. Almagro, J. Ros de San Pedro, F. López, C. Piqueras, J. Tortosa
Servicio Regional de Neurocirugía Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. El Palmar. Murcia. Grupo NYNE de Neurología y Neurocirugía Experimental. Facultad de Medicina, Campus de Espinardo. Murcia
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen

El drenaje excesivo de las válvulas constituye una complicación dificil, tanto de prevenir como de tratar. Los autores revisan una serie de 512 niños operados mediante derivación de líquido cefalorraquídeo, de manera retrospectiva, para analizar las causas de esta complicación. La causa de la hidrocefalia fue congénita (n= 172), debida a mielomeningocele (n= 123), posthe-morrágica (n=103), tumoral (n= 64), postinfecciosa (n=40) y postraumática (n= 10). Ochenta y ocho niños (17,8%) presentaron alguna complicación por funcionamiento excesivo del sistema valvular. Se analizó la etiología de la hidrocefalia relacionándola con los cuadros de hiperdrenaje. La complicación más frecuente fue la obstrucción del extremo ventricular de la derivación (n= 50), seguida del cuadro de colapso ventricular sintomático (n= 19), de hematoma subdural (n= 10) y de cuarto ventrículo aislado (n=9). Las diversas complicaciones se distribuyeron de manera homogénea entre todos los grupos etiológicos, sin diferencia estadística. El cuadro de colapso ventricular sintomático (CVS) ocurrió en 19 niños (3,71%), cifra menor que la descrita en la bibliografía. Sólo dos grupos de pacientes con hidrocefalia adquirida (postinfecciosa y posthemorrágica) tuvieron una mayor tasa de CVS (p=0,005), lo que se atribuyó a la mayor incidencia en estos niños de procesos destructivos cerebrales. El tratamiento del CVS fue complejo y requirió diversos procedimientos, que se aplicaron de manera escalonada, incluyendo cinco craniectomías descompresivas. Los autores recomiendan evitar, en lo posible, el empleo de válvulas, utilizando en su lugar, y siempre que sea posible, técnicas de neuroendoscopia, o válvulas de nueva tecnología, que supuestamente disminuirán el número de complicaciones de hiperfunción valvular.

Palabras clave:
Hidrocefalia
Colapso ventricular
Hiperfunción valvular
Hiperdrenaje ventricular
Edema cerebral
Derivaciones de LCR
Complicaciones de las válvulas de hidrocefalia
Abbreviations:
CVS
DVP
PIC
RM
TAC
Summary

Overdrainage in ventricular shunting constitutes a difñcult to prevent and to treat complication. The authors reviewed a retrospective series of 512 children submitted to a ventricular shunting procedure aimed at analysing factors influencing this type of complication. The causes for the hydrocephalus were congenital (n=172), post-myelomeningocele (n=123), posthemor-rhagic (n=103), tumoral (n=64), postmeningitis (n=40) and posttraumatic (n=10). Eighty-eight children (17.8%) evolved with a complication related to the excessive function of the valve. The authors investi-gated the relationship between hydrocephalus’ etiology and type of overdrainage syndromes. The most frequent complication was ventricular catheter block (n=50), followed by symptomatic slit ventricle syndrome (SVS) (n=19), subdural hematoma (n=10) and trapped fourth ventricle (n=9). There were no statistical differences regarding complications for each etiologic subset of hydrocephalus. SVS occurred in 19 children (3,71%), a low rate according to the current literature. Posthe-morrhagic and postinfectious hydrocephalus grouped together showed a higher rate of SVS (p=0,005), a feature that we attributed to the cerebral destruction caused by these two conditions. Treatment of SVS was complex and required diverse procedures, applied in an escalated way, which included five decompressive cra-niectomies. The authors suggest avoiding, as much as possible, the use of ventricular shunts, and recommend the alternative use of new technology valves and neuroendoscopic procedures.

Key words:
Hydrocephalus
Slit ventricle syndrome
CSF overdrainage
Ventricular overdrainage
Cerebral edema
CSF shunts
Complications of hydrocephalus
valves

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