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          "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of the HH&#44; mHH&#44; WFNS&#44; PAASH&#44; and BAI scales&#46; ROC curves to predict mortality &#40;mRS 6&#41;&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage &#40;aSAH&#41; is a highly prevalent disease worldwide&#44; which corresponds to approximately 5&#37; of cerebrovascular events that affect 6 million people annually&#44; with a mortality rate of up to 45&#37; in the first 30 days after rupture&#46; In Latin America&#44; the average number of cases is 4&#46;2 cases annually per 100&#44;000 population&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> which is lower than the international average of 6 cases per 100&#44;000 population&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Multiple scales exist to stratify the severity of aSAH patients and predict the prognosis in their initial evaluation&#46; The most well-known and used scales are&#58; Hunt and Hess scale &#40;HH&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> modified Hunt and Hess &#40;mHH&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a> World Federation of Neurosurgery &#40;WFNS&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> and Prognosis on Admission of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage &#40;PAASH&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8</span></a> A recently proposed scale&#44; the Brain Aneurysm Institute &#40;BAI&#41; scale&#44; considers the amount of bleeding in the subarachnoid space and the chronic use of antiplatelet therapy as prognostic factors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Other scales such as the Fisher and the Barrow Neurosurgical Institute &#40;BNI&#41; scales predict the symptomatic vasospasm&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Although&#44; correlation with the prognosis exists&#44; it becomes similar to the HH or WFNS scales&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The literature contains several other prognostic scales for aSAH patients&#59; however&#44; they are not commonly used in daily practice&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Our study aimed to validate the most used scales for aSAH in a Peruvian institution and evaluate the prediction of poor clinical outcomes and mortality&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Selection of patients</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data were collected from medical records according to the objectives of the study&#46; All authors performed data collection and evaluation of brain computed tomography &#40;CT&#41;&#44; computed tomography angiography &#40;CTA&#41;&#44; and digital subtraction angiography &#40;DSA&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Informed consent was not necessary given the retrospective study design&#44; keeping the confidentiality of the data&#46; We included all cases diagnosed with aSAH during an 18-month period treated at our institution between June 2019 and December 2020&#46; Patients who received microsurgical treatment&#44; endovascular treatment and conservative management &#40;not candidates for surgical or endovascular treatments due to poor clinical condition according to the selected scale&#41; were included&#46; In patients with poor clinical condition&#44; a neurological evaluation using the scales was done at admission before resuscitation maneuvers&#46; This study does not include patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage of other etiology&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Variable selection</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The following data were obtained&#58; age&#44; sex&#44; past medical history and usual medication&#44; Glasgow Coma Scale &#40;GCS&#41; at initial evaluation&#44; the clinical condition of the patients -according to the HH&#44; mHH&#44; WFNS&#44; PAASH and BAI scales-&#44; the maximum thickness of the subarachnoid hemorrhage in the basal cisterns&#44; location of the ruptured aneurysm and type of treatment performed&#46; The outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin scale &#40;mRS&#41; at patient discharge&#58; a mRS 4&#8211;5 was considered a poor clinical outcome&#44; whereas mortality was considered with mRS 6&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Comparison of the scales</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We calculated the ROC curves and the AUC of the prognostic scales aiming to evaluate their prognostic prediction capacity&#46; An AUC of &#62;0&#46;8 was considered indicative of a model with good prognostic value&#46; AUCs were compared using the chi-square test&#46; A <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>-value &#60;&#46;05 was considered statistically significant&#46; Stata software&#44; version 14&#46;0 &#40;StataCorp&#44; College Station&#44; Texas&#44; USA&#41; was used for statistical analysis&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Results</span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">General characteristic of the patients</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 142 patients were diagnosed with aSAH&#44; with a mean age of 57&#46;2&#160;&#177;&#160;15&#46;8 years&#46; Ninety-six patients were female &#40;67&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#46; Sixty-five patients &#40;45&#46;8&#37;&#41; presented high blood pressure and 6 patients &#40;4&#46;2&#37;&#41; used antiplatelet agents&#46; Ninety-two patients &#40;64&#46;8&#37;&#41; had a GCS 14&#8211;15 at admission&#46; One hundred thirty-one aneurysms &#40;92&#46;3&#37;&#41; were located in the anterior circulation&#58; the most frequent location were in the posterior communicating artery with 42 aneurysms &#40;29&#46;6&#37;&#41; and 33 aneurysms &#40;23&#46;2&#37;&#41; in the anterior communicating artery and middle cerebral artery&#44; respectively&#46; Eleven aneurysms &#40;7&#46;7&#37;&#41; appeared in the posterior circulation&#44; of which four aneurysms belonged to the basilar bifurcation&#46; Sixty-five patients &#40;45&#46;5&#37;&#41; presented a thickness of subarachnoid hemorrhage greater than or equal to 10&#160;mm in the basal cisterns&#46; Fifty-five patients &#40;38&#46;7&#37;&#41; received microsurgical treatment&#44; 62 patients &#40;43&#46;7&#37;&#41; endovascular treatment&#44; and 25 patients &#40;17&#46;6&#37;&#41; conservative management&#46; The clinical outcomes according to the mRS were&#58; 0 &#40;2&#46;8&#37;&#44; 4 patients&#41;&#44; 1 &#40;21&#46;8&#37;&#44; 31 patients&#41;&#44; 2 &#40;9&#46;2&#37;&#44; 13 patients&#41;&#44; 3 &#40;14&#46;1&#37;&#44; 20 patients&#41;&#44; 4 &#40;14&#46;1&#37;&#44; 20 patients&#41;&#44; 5 &#40;10&#46;6&#37;&#44; 15 patients&#41;&#44; 6 &#40;27&#46;5&#37;&#44; 39 patients&#41;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows the overall characteristic of the patients&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Scales and outcomes</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0010">Tables 2 and 3</a> contain the AUC for predicting a poor outcome and mortality using each scale and the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>-values &#8203;&#8203;using the chi-square test&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">Figs&#46; 1 and 2</a> show the ROC curve for the aSAH scales for predicting a poor outcome and for mortality&#44; respectively&#46; No statistically significant difference in AUC resulted between the aSAH scales to predict poor outcome &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#160;&#61;&#160;&#46;709&#41;&#44; nor for mortality &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#160;&#61;&#160;&#46;715&#41;&#46; On the other hand&#44; 74 patients &#40;52&#46;1&#37;&#41; presented a poor outcome &#40;mRS 4&#8211;5&#41; at hospital discharge&#44; and mortality occurred in 39 patients &#40;27&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Discussion</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our study aimed to evaluate different prognostic scales for patients with aSAH at an institutional level according to our population characteristics&#44; management at admission&#44; postoperative management&#44; and surgical treatment&#46; Our institution follows the aSAH management guideline -the American Heart Association &#40;AHA&#41; guideline- in patient management from admission to discharge and follow-up&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> The correct use of the prognostic scales supports the decision-making algorithms regarding the treatments eployed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> We found that all the prognostic scales studied correlated with poor outcomes and mortality&#44; with good prognostic values&#46; The higher the score&#44; the higher the percentage of poor outcome and mortality&#46; We selected the scales mentioned for their simplicity and ease of application&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The AUC of the prognostic scales was similar&#44; with good predictive vales but with no significant difference to predict a poor outcome &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#160;&#61;&#160;&#46;709&#41;&#46; The AUC to predict mortality was also similar &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#160;&#61;&#160;&#46;715&#41;&#46; According to our results&#44; we may use any of the scales studied in clinical practice&#46; We also reported a high proportion of poor clinical outcomes at discharge &#40;around 50&#37; of cases&#41; and mortality &#40;27&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#46; It has to be considered that our cohort of patients was treated before and during the COVID-19 pandemic&#44; and may explain the unfavorable results obtained&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> On the other hand&#44; around 20&#37; of patients did not undergo treatment due to their poor clinical condition at admission&#46; We excluded the Fisher and BNI scales because they were designed for the prediction of symptomatic vasospasm and although a correlation was found with functional prognosis&#44; it was not superior to the HH scale or the WFNS in previous studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The use of the WFNS scale using the initial post-resuscitation GCS is reported in the literature&#44; finding better results in its prognostic capacity in order to determine the highest possible score to help in a more accurate decision-making&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> The GCS in the evaluation upon admission was commonly obtained from the medical reports&#46; An exception to this evaluation was the BAI scale that evaluated the GCS post-resuscitation at emergency admission&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> In many cases&#44; we found that the initial GCS was the same as the post-resuscitation GCS&#46; However&#44; in some cases it was not considered in the medical records&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We reported clinical outcomes at hospital discharge&#46; In addition&#44; we believe that evaluating the long-term outcomes would create a bias since remarkable differences exist in access to rehabilitation programs and clinical follow-up after discharge and is not the aim of the study&#46; We used the mRS to assess clinical outcomes at hospital discharge&#44; which was not used at admission due to the biases associated with clinical evaluation in the acute phase of aSAH&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The mHH and PAASH scales &#40;based solely on the GCS&#41; are frequently used in our institution due to their simplicity and familiarity in the last years&#46; Despite the GCS is subjective&#44; is the most widely used by residents and training physicians&#46; The lack of differences between scales when applied locally would explain the existence of other clinical or radiological variables not taken in consideration&#46; On the other hand&#44; the lack of the best facilities and equipment to offer the most appropriate treatment from the early admission to the follow-up may lead to a worse prognosis in our patients and therefore&#44; increase morbidity and mortality&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;17</span></a> However&#44; we believe this not occurred given the best medical and surgical&#47;interventional management offered in our institution&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main limitation of our study is the retrospective design and collection of data extracted from clinical charts and images&#46; Moreover&#44; the short evaluation period including the COVID-19 pandemic and the small number of cases correlate to the statistical power of our analyses&#46; We employed simple comparisons of the scales using ROC curves without statistical association tests&#46; It should be considered that subjective evaluation of the clinical condition at admission could led to information bias&#44; which may have affected our findings&#46; This clinical variable reflects the prognosis in the majority of the previous papers&#46; In addition&#44; we did not evaluate clinical outcomes at follow-up based on treatment modalities&#46; Finally&#44; our center is a referral institution that accepts patients from all over the country&#46; Thus&#44; the results should not be generalized&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Conclusions</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our study validated the most used prognostic scales for poor outcomes and mortality in patients with aSAH and found similar predictive values&#44; with no significant difference when applied in our local scenario&#46; Our local institution provides the best medical care from admission to discharge&#59; however&#44; there may exist different confounding clinical and radiological variables that may explain our findings&#46; All scales are useful and the decision which one to use will depend on the experience of each center&#46; Thus&#44; we recommend to employ the most simple and well-known scale to determine prognosis and treatment decision-making in these cases&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Declarations of interest</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Funding</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public&#44; commercial&#44; or not-for-profit sectors&#46;</p></span></span>"
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              "titulo" => "Comparison of the scales"
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    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2022-12-29"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2023-05-16"
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            0 => "Scales"
            1 => "Aneurysm"
            2 => "Subarachnoid hemorrhage"
            3 => "Modified Rankin scale"
            4 => "Intracranial"
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          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Escalas"
            1 => "Aneurisma"
            2 => "Hemorragia subaracnoidea"
            3 => "Escala de Rankin modificada"
            4 => "Intracraneal"
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    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Multiple scales have been designed to stratify the severity and predict the prognosis in the initial evaluation of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage &#40;aSAH&#41;&#46; Our study aimed to validate the most commonly used prognostic scales for aSAH in our population&#58; Hunt-Hess&#44; modified Hunt-Hess&#44; World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies &#40;WFNS&#41;&#44; Prognosis on Admission of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage &#40;PAASH&#41;&#44; and Barrow Aneurysm Institute &#40;BAI&#41; scales&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study includes all aSAH cases treated at our institution between June 2019 and December 2020&#46; We developed a retrospective cohort by reviewing medical records and radiologic images performed during hospitalization&#46; The outcome was evaluated using the modified Rankin scale &#40;mRS&#41;&#46; It was defined as a poor outcome &#40;mRS 4&#8211;5&#41; and mortality &#40;mRS 6&#41;&#46; The ROC curves and the area under the curve &#40;AUC&#41; of each of the prognostic scales were calculated to evaluate their prognostic prediction capacity&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 142 patients were diagnosed with aSAH&#46; A poor outcome occurred in 52&#46;1&#37; of the patients&#44; whereas mortality was 27&#46;5&#37;&#46; The AUC of the scales studied was similar and no significant difference was found between them for predicting a poor outcome &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#160;&#61;&#160;&#46;709&#41; or mortality &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#160;&#61;&#160;&#46;715&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We determined that the prognostic scales for aSAH had a similar predictive value for poor clinical outcomes and mortality in our institution&#44; with no significant difference&#46; Thus&#44; we recommend the most simple and well-known scale used institutionally&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Introduction"
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          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Methods"
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          2 => array:2 [
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se han dise&#241;ado m&#250;ltiples escalas para estratificar la gravedad y predecir el pron&#243;stico en la evaluaci&#243;n inicial de pacientes con hemorragia subaracnoidea aneurism&#225;tica &#40;HSAa&#41;&#46; Nuestro estudio tuvo como objetivo validar las escalas pron&#243;sticas m&#225;s utilizadas para HSAa en nuestra poblaci&#243;n&#58; Hunt-Hess&#44; Hunt-Hess modificada&#44; World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies &#40;WFNS&#41;&#44; Prognosis on Admission of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage &#40;PAASH&#41; y finalmente&#44; la escala Barrow Aneurysm Institute &#40;BAI&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Este estudio incluye todos los casos de HSAa atendidos en nuestra instituci&#243;n entre junio de 2019 y diciembre de 2020&#46; Desarrollamos una cohorte retrospectiva mediante la revisi&#243;n de historias cl&#237;nicas e im&#225;genes radiol&#243;gicas realizadas durante la hospitalizaci&#243;n&#46; El resultado se evalu&#243; mediante la escala de Rankin modificada &#40;mRS&#41;&#44; la cual se defini&#243; como mala evoluci&#243;n &#40;mRS 4&#8211;5&#41; y mortalidad &#40;mRS 6&#41;&#46; Se calcularon las curvas ROC y el &#225;rea bajo la curva &#40;AUC&#41; de cada una de las escalas pron&#243;sticas para evaluar su capacidad de predicci&#243;n pron&#243;stica&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Un total de 142 pacientes fueron diagnosticados de HSAa&#46; Un mal resultado se produjo en el 52&#46;1&#37; de los pacientes&#44; mientras que la mortalidad fue del 27&#46;5&#37;&#46; El AUC de las escalas estudiadas fue similar y no se encontr&#243; diferencia significativa entre ellas para predecir mal resultado &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#160;&#61;&#160;&#46;709&#41; o mortalidad &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#160;&#61;&#160;&#46;715&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Determinamos que las escalas pron&#243;sticas para HSAa tuvieron un valor predictivo similar para malos resultados cl&#237;nicos y mortalidad&#44; sin diferencia significativa&#46; Por lo tanto&#44; recomendamos la escala m&#225;s sencilla y conocida utilizada institucionalmente&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Mean age&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">57&#46;2&#160;&#177;&#160;15&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">96 &#40;67&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Glasgow at admission</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Glasgow 14&#8722;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Glasgow 9&#8722;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">28 &#40;19&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Glasgow&#160;&#60;&#160;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">22 &#40;15&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Location</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">PComA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">42 &#40;29&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">ACoA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;23&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">MCA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;23&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Paraclinoid segment&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;7&#46;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">DACA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;6&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">AChoA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;2&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Treatment modality</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Microsurgery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">55 &#40;38&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Endovascular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">62 &#40;43&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Conservative&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25 &#40;17&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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                0 => "xTab3425646.png"
              ]
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          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Overall characteristics of the patients&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at0020"
            "detalle" => "Table "
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          ]
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data n &#40;&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">HH&#58; Hunt-Hess&#59; mHH&#58; modified Hunt-Hess&#59; WFNS&#58; World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies&#59; PAASH&#58; Prognosis on Admission of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage&#59; BAI&#58; Brain Aneurysm Institute&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Scale&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Poor outcome &#40;mRS 4&#8722;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mortality &#40;mRS 6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">HH&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;17&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;8&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;43&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">21 &#40;58&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29 &#40;96&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23 &#40;76&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">mHH&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;20&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;4&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">25 &#40;55&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Vol. 35. Núm. 1.
Páginas 1-5 (enero - febrero 2024)
Clinical Research
Prognostic value of scales for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Report of a reference center in Peru
Valor pronóstico de las escalas para hemorragia subaracnoidea aneurismática: reporte de un centro de referencia en Perú
Giuseppe Rojas-Pantaa,
Autor para correspondencia
giuseppe_r29@hotmail.com

Corresponding author at: Department of Neurosurgery, Vascular and Tumor Neurosurgery Service, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen-EsSalud, Grau Avenue 800, La Victoria, Lima, Perú
, Gian F. Reyes-Narroa, Carlos Toro-Huamanchumob, Joham Choque-Velasquezc,d, Giancarlo Saal-Zapatae,f
a Departamento de Neurocirugía, Servicio de Neurocirugía Vascular y Tumores, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenar Irigoyen-EsSalud, Lima, Peru
b Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Perú
c Unidad de Neurocirugía, Hospital Regional del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
d Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Andina del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
e Departamento de Neurocirugía, Servicio de Neurocirugía Endovascular, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenar Irigoyen-EsSalud, Lima, Peru
f Clínica Angloamericana, San Isidro, Lima, Peru
Información del artículo
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Table 1. Overall characteristics of the patients.
Table 2. Distribution of patients, poor clinical outcomes, and mortality between aSAH scales.
Table 3. AUC of prognostic scales for poor outcome and mortality.
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Abstract
Introduction

Multiple scales have been designed to stratify the severity and predict the prognosis in the initial evaluation of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Our study aimed to validate the most commonly used prognostic scales for aSAH in our population: Hunt-Hess, modified Hunt-Hess, World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS), Prognosis on Admission of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (PAASH), and Barrow Aneurysm Institute (BAI) scales.

Methods

This study includes all aSAH cases treated at our institution between June 2019 and December 2020. We developed a retrospective cohort by reviewing medical records and radiologic images performed during hospitalization. The outcome was evaluated using the modified Rankin scale (mRS). It was defined as a poor outcome (mRS 4–5) and mortality (mRS 6). The ROC curves and the area under the curve (AUC) of each of the prognostic scales were calculated to evaluate their prognostic prediction capacity.

Results

A total of 142 patients were diagnosed with aSAH. A poor outcome occurred in 52.1% of the patients, whereas mortality was 27.5%. The AUC of the scales studied was similar and no significant difference was found between them for predicting a poor outcome (P = .709) or mortality (P = .715).

Conclusion

We determined that the prognostic scales for aSAH had a similar predictive value for poor clinical outcomes and mortality in our institution, with no significant difference. Thus, we recommend the most simple and well-known scale used institutionally.

Keywords:
Scales
Aneurysm
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Modified Rankin scale
Intracranial
Resumen
Introducción

Se han diseñado múltiples escalas para estratificar la gravedad y predecir el pronóstico en la evaluación inicial de pacientes con hemorragia subaracnoidea aneurismática (HSAa). Nuestro estudio tuvo como objetivo validar las escalas pronósticas más utilizadas para HSAa en nuestra población: Hunt-Hess, Hunt-Hess modificada, World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS), Prognosis on Admission of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (PAASH) y finalmente, la escala Barrow Aneurysm Institute (BAI).

Métodos

Este estudio incluye todos los casos de HSAa atendidos en nuestra institución entre junio de 2019 y diciembre de 2020. Desarrollamos una cohorte retrospectiva mediante la revisión de historias clínicas e imágenes radiológicas realizadas durante la hospitalización. El resultado se evaluó mediante la escala de Rankin modificada (mRS), la cual se definió como mala evolución (mRS 4–5) y mortalidad (mRS 6). Se calcularon las curvas ROC y el área bajo la curva (AUC) de cada una de las escalas pronósticas para evaluar su capacidad de predicción pronóstica.

Resultados

Un total de 142 pacientes fueron diagnosticados de HSAa. Un mal resultado se produjo en el 52.1% de los pacientes, mientras que la mortalidad fue del 27.5%. El AUC de las escalas estudiadas fue similar y no se encontró diferencia significativa entre ellas para predecir mal resultado (P = .709) o mortalidad (P = .715).

Conclusión

Determinamos que las escalas pronósticas para HSAa tuvieron un valor predictivo similar para malos resultados clínicos y mortalidad, sin diferencia significativa. Por lo tanto, recomendamos la escala más sencilla y conocida utilizada institucionalmente.

Palabras clave:
Escalas
Aneurisma
Hemorragia subaracnoidea
Escala de Rankin modificada
Intracraneal

Artículo

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