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Vol. 14. Issue 1.
Pages 16-24 (January 2003)
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Vol. 14. Issue 1.
Pages 16-24 (January 2003)
Aneurismas intracraneales supratentoriales gigantes. Análisis de 22 casos
Giant supratentorial intracranial aneurysms. Analysis of 22 cases
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S.D. Vega-Basulto
, S. Silva-Adán, A. Laserda-Gallardo, R. Peñones-Montero, A. Várela-Hernández
Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Provincial Manuel Ascunce Domenech, Camagüey, Cuba
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Resumen
Introducción

. Los aneurismas intracraneales supratentoriales gigantes (AISG) representan del 2 al 5% de todos los aneurismas. Ellos están bien caracterizados desde el punto de vista clínico y en los estudios de imagen. Su presentación clínica demuestra su potencial letalidad. El tratamiento quirúrgico de estas lesiones constituye un reto para el neurocirujano.

Material y métodos

Un total de 22 pacientes con aneurismas supratentoriales gigantes fueron sometidos a craneotomía pterional, neuroanestesia especializada y técnicas microneuroquirúrgicas. Se aplicaron métodos auxiliares como el clipaje transitorio o la técnica de descompresión-succión retrógrada en los sacos paraclinoideos. El postoperatorio se desarrolló en Terapia Intensiva y los pacientes fueron evaluados a los 3 meses de operados. Diecinueve pacientes estaban entre la cuarta y la sexta década de la vida y 17 eran del sexo femenino. Las lesiones se ubicaban en la bifurcación de la arteria cerebral media, región carotídea paraclinoidea, cerebral anterior proximal y bifurcación carotídea. El clipaje se logró en el 91% de las lesiones. En 13 pacientes se realizó la técnica de descompresión-succión retrógrada.

Resultados

En 17 (77%) pacientes hubo recuperación completa y un enfermo falleció (4.5%). Las complicaciones postoperatorias fueron seis; pero cuatro se resolvieron antes de los tres meses.

Conclusiones

Los aneurismas gigantes supratentoriales pueden ser tratados siguiendo los principios básicos del manejo neuroquirúrgico de los aneurismas y con procederes auxiliares que disminuyan el tamaño y la tensión en la pared de los sacos, para poder lograr el clipaje. El mayor conocimiento sobre estas lesiones y el desarrollo de nuevas técnicas permitirá obtener mejores resultados.

Palabras clave:
Aneurisma intracraneal
Aneurisma gigante
Aneurisma paraclinoideo
Técnica de descompresión-succión retrógrada
Aneurismas supratentoriales gigantes
Summary
Introduction

Giant intracranial aneurysms represent 2 to 5% of all aneurysms. They are well characterized from the anatomical and clinical point of view. Their natural history shows its potential lethality. Surgical treatment of giant aneurysms is a challenge for neurosurgeons.

Material and methods

Twenty-two patients were operated on through pterional craniotomy, specialized neuroanesthesia and microneurosurgical technics. Auxiliary methods like transitory clipping and retrograde decompression-suction technique were applied. Patients were followed at intensive care units and they were evaluated three months after the operation. Nineteen patients were in the fourth and sixth decade of life. Seventeen were females. Aneurysms were located at middle cerebral artery bifurcation; paraclinoidal carotid artery; proximal anterior cerebral artery and carotid bifurcation. Ninety one percent of aneurysms were clipped. Retrograde decompression-suction technique was performed in thirteen cases.

Results

Seventeen patients had good outcome and one patient died (4.5%). There were 6 postoperative com-plications and in four disappeared three months later.

Conclusions

Giant aneurysms were operated on following main neurosurgical rules helped by auxiliar procedures to reduce aneurysms size and wall, aneurysms tension. New knowledge about giants aneurysms and the development of new techniques will permit better results.

Keywords:
Intracranial aneurysm
Giant aneurysm
Paraclinoid aneurysm
Retrograde decompression-suction technique

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