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Vol. 7. Issue 2.
Pages 100-110 (January 1996)
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Vol. 7. Issue 2.
Pages 100-110 (January 1996)
Aspectos inmunológicos en los gliomas: infiltrado celular y características de la célula tumoral
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J.A. Gómez-Moreta, F. Morales
Servicio de Neurocirugía. Hospital Virgen de la Vega. Salamanca
M.A. Piris*, Mª.P. Galindo**, J. Broseta***
* Servicio de Patología. Sección de Inmunohistoquimia. Hospital Virgen de la Salud. Toledo
** Departamento de Estadística y Matemática Aplicadas. Universidad de Salamanca. Salamanca
*** Cátedra de Neurocirugía. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Salamanca. Salamanca
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Resumen

Se estudian las características inmunológicas de 32 gliomas clasificados en dos grupos según su histología y siguiendo la escala en grados de Kernohan: los de baja agresividad (grados I y II) Ylos filiados como malignos (grados III y IV). En 21 ocasiones el tumor correspondió al primero de los grupos y en 11 al segundo. La investigación inmunohistoquímica se realizó sobre material congelado a −70 °C utilizando casi siempre técnica FAAFA (fosfatasa alcalina-antifosfatasa alcalina); en algún caso se utilizó técnica PAP (peroxidasa- antiperoxidasa). El estudio abarca la caracterización funcional del infiltrado linfomonocitario y la de la propia célula tumoral en cuanto a la existencia o no de determinantes de histocompatibiliad (CHM) de clase I y II. Se determina también la capacidad proliferativa del tumor utilizando el índice Ki-67. La tipificación del infiltrado permite concluir la presencia de macrófagos (CD68+) en todos los casos, en gran cantidad y difusamente distribuidos entre las células tumorales, siendo más abundantes en tumores con CHM II (28.8% de media) que en los que carecen de estos determinantes antigénicos (19.3% de media). Se identificaron linfocitos T (CD3+) en 30 ocasiones, linfocitos T-facilitadores (CD4+) en 29 y linfocitos T-supresores/citotóxicos (CD8+) en 25, situándose predominantemente en los espacios perivasculares. Otras poblaciones: linfocitos B (CD19+), células plasmáticas (CD38+), células con antígenos de activación (CD25+) y células con actividad killer (CD57+), se identificaron en pocos gliomas y siempre en escasa cantidad. La subpoblación T más abundante fue la T-facilitadora (CD4+) siendo más numerosa en tumores altamente agresivos (7.7% de media) que en los filiados como grados I-II (4.6% de media).

Palabras clave:
Complejos de histocompatibilidad
Glioma
Inmunidad
Célula linfoide
Macrófago
Summary

A study is made of the immunological characteristics of 32 gliomas classified into two groups according to their histology and following the grading scale of Kernohan.; those of low aggressiveness (grades I and II) and those deemed malignant (grades III and IV). 21 cases, corresponded to the first group and 11 to the second. Immunohistochemical study was performed on material frozen at −70 °C, almost always using APAAP (alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase) technique, although in sorne cases the PAP (peroxidase- antiperoxidase) technique was employed. The study addressed the functional characterization of lymphomonocyte infiltration and of tumor cellularity itself in regard to the existence or not of classes I and II histocompatibility determinants (MHC). The proliferative capacity of the tumors, was also determined using the Ki-67 indexo Infiltrate typing showed that in all the cases macrophages (CD68+) were distributed diffusely in large amounts among the tumor cells. They were more abundant in tumors with MHC II (mean, 28.8%) than in those lacking these antigen determinants (mean, 19.3%). T lymphocytes (CD3+) were identified in thirty cases, helper/inducer T lymphocytes in 29 and suppressor/cytotoxic T limphocytes (CD8+) in 25; these cells were predominantly located in the perivascular space. Other populations, including B cells (CD19+), plasma cells (CD38+), cells displaying activation antigens (CD25+) and cells with killer activity (CD57+) were only identified in a few gliomas and always at low levels. The most abundant T subset wasT-helper/inducer (CD4+), this being more numerous in the strongly aggressive tumors (mean, 7.7%) than in those belonging to grade I-II (mean, 4.6%).

Key words:
Glioma
Histocompatibility complexo
Immunity
Gliomas, Limphoid cell
Macrophage

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