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Vol. 10. Issue 1.
Pages 61-66 (January 1999)
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Vol. 10. Issue 1.
Pages 61-66 (January 1999)
Cerebral salt wasting syndrome and brain surgery: intraoperative predisposing factors
El síndrome de la pérdida cerebral de sal y la cirugía cerebral: Factores intraoperatorios predisponentes
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N. Saiz-Sapena
Servicios de Anestesiología Clínica Universitaria, Universidad de Navarra. Pamplona
V. Vanaclocha*, P. Irimia**, F. Panta*
* Servicios de Neurocirugía Clínica Universitaria, Universidad de Navarra. Pamplona
** Servicios de Neurología Clínica Universitaria, Universidad de Navarra. Pamplona
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Resumen

Nuestro objetivo fue el estudiar la correlación entre las maniobras anestésicas y la aparición de CSWS en pacientes neuroquirúrgicos.

Se estudiaron quinientas veintiuna craniotomías consecutivas, excluyendo las relacionadas con el hipotálamo, el tercer ventrículo o hipófisis y aquellos con patología renal.

Factores estudiados: ingesta líquida, diuresis, hipertensión intracraneal, corticoides, furosemida, manitol, hipnóticos, opiáceos, duración de la cirugía y tiempo hasta la extubación.

Se observaron treinta y dos casos (6,14%) de Cerebral salt wasting syndrome (CSWS). Su aparición sólo se vio relacionada con la administración de opiáceos. Treinta de estos casos habían recibido fentanilo > 0,25mg más morfina > 5mg y los otros dos restantes fentanilo 0,20mg más morfina 5mg. Ninguno de los 93 pacientes que recibieron fentanilo ≤ 0,15mg y ninguna morfina desarrollaron CSWS.

Conclusión

La administración de dosis medias o altas de opiáceos (fentanilo >0,25mg y morfina >5mg) en el curso de cirugía cerebral parece de algún modo predisponer a la aparición de CSWS.

Palabras clave:
Síndrome pierde-sal
Hiponatremia
Natriuresis
Síndrome de secreción inadecuada de hormona antidiurética
Tratamiento: hiponatremia. Balance hidroelectrolítico: fisiología
Summary

We aimed to study the relationship between the anaesthetic manoeuvres and the appearance of Cerebral salt wasting syndrome (CSWS) in neurosurgical patients.

Five-hundred and twenty-one consecutive craniotomies were studied, excluding those related to the hypothalamus, IIIrd ventricle and pituitary and those with kidney troubles.

Factors studied: fluid intake, diuresis, intracranial hypertension, corticoids, furosemide, mannitol, hypnotic agents, opioids, anaesthetic gases, duration of surgery, and time to extubation.

Thirty-two cases (6,14%) of CSWS were seen. Its appearance was related only to opioid administration. Thirty of the cases had received fentanyl > 0,25mg plus morphine > 5mg and the other two fentanyl 0,20mg plus morphine 5mg. None of the 93 patients managed with fentanyl ≤ 0,15mg and no morphine at alla developed CSWS.

Conclusión

The administration of medium/large doses of opioids (fentanyl >0,25mg and morphine >5mg) during brain surgery seems to somehow predispose to CSWS.

Key words:
Cerebral salt wasting
Hyponatremia
Natriuresis
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
Hyponatremia therapy
Water Electrolyte Balance physiology

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