Incidence and risk factors of 30-day readmission in neurosurgical patients

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(A) Diagram of trepanation by drilling. The perforation is made using repeated half-rotation movements with a hard, sharp stone. If the inner table is not perforated, a hole with a conical section (left) is created, and if the inner table is perforated, the hole has a troncoconical section (right). The angle of the edges of the hole is very large. (B) Diagram of trepanation by abrasion. The perforation is made using repeated back-and-forth movements in the same direction with a hard, rough stone. The outer table is broadly perforated and the internal table to a more restricted degree, with a bone edge that is slightly slanted and with large exposure of diploe. The opening is usually ovoid due to the curvature of the skull. (C) Diagram of quadrangular incisional trepanation. The incision is made with a hard and sharp knife-shaped stone or rock using a sawing motion, so that the incision has a navicular shape (left). A square fragment is obtained with four incisions using leverage (right). (D) Diagram of incisional trepanation. The incision is made with a hard, sharp instrument, such as obsidian. 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factors of 30-day readmission in neurosurgical patients" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "22" "paginaFinal" => "27" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Antonio José Vargas López, Carlos Fernández Carballal" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Antonio José" "apellidos" => "Vargas López" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "ajvargaslopez@hotmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Carlos" "apellidos" => "Fernández Carballal" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Incidencia y factores de riesgo de reingreso hospitalario a los 30 días en pacientes neuroquirúrgicos" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2449 "Ancho" => 1654 "Tamanyo" => 263145 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Charlson comorbidity index." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionEvaluation of heath care quality has become imperative in the last few years. One of the most widely used indicators of quality is 30-day hospital readmission.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">1</a> While on occasions this result cannot be completely avoided, it is considered to represent a reflection of the efficacy of the treatment given, as well as of the morbidity associated with said treatment.Early hospital readmission, in addition to causing obvious negative consequences in the quality of life of the patient and a potential increase in the risk of nosocomial infection,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">2</a> also has significant financial impact. The cost of readmission in the Medicare population in one year is estimated to top 17 billion dollars.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">3</a>Readmission frequency, as well as associated factors, can vary among the various specialties.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020">4,5</a> In fact, the causes that make it worse are different between patients that have received only medical care versus those that have received surgical treatment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030">6,7</a>The present work, therefore, arises from the need to know both the frequency of 30 day hospital readmission, as well as the factors associated to it in neurosurgical patients.MethodsPatients that needed neurosurgical intervention at Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón were retrospectively analysed for the period starting on 1 January 2012 until 31 December 2013. The procedures were collected from the surgery record belonging to the Neurosurgery Department. Endovascular procedures, intracranial pressure monitoring of neurocritical patients, external ventricular drains and outpatient procedures have been excluded.Data belonging to the diagnosis that led to initial admission (also called index admission) and the treatment given were obtained. According to the index diagnosis, the following 6 diagnosis groups were created: patients with cerebral tumours, hydrocephalus, shunt malfunction, chronic subdural haematomas, spine pathology that needs instrumentation and non-instrumented spine pathology. Demographic variables (age and gender), medical-surgical history and the duration of the hospital stay during the initial admission were analysed in each of the patients. The subgroup of paediatric patients includes those that are younger than 18 years of age. The impact of the medical comorbidities of each patient has been estimated using the Charlson comorbidity index (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). The information for these variables was obtained from the medical histories of the patients.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia>The patients that needed to be readmitted to any of the departments at our centre during the first 30 days after being discharged from the hospital were identified, with the corresponding diagnosis that led to readmission. Scheduled readmissions for procedures or administration of chemotherapy treatment, as well as those admitted for supplemental testing were excluded.Univariate analysis to identify the impact of each of the readmission variables separately has been carried out using the chi-squared and Student's t parametric tests. In addition, multivariate analysis has been performed using the logistic regression model. The variables of age, separating patients older than 65 years from the rest, and the initial diagnosis were dichotomised, differentiating patients with cranial pathology from patients with spinal pathology or another different diagnosis. SPSS 15.0 software was used. Statistical significance was established at p<0.05.ResultsDuring the period specified, 1854 procedures were performed on 1739 patients. A total of 86 patients (4.9%) needed more than one procedure during the index admission. Of all the patients, 932 were men (53.6%) and 807 were women (46.4%). The average age was 54.19±19.5years (0–88). In total, 1770 procedures (95.5%) were performed on adult patients, while 84 procedures were performed on paediatric patients (4.5%). The comorbidities calculation using the Charlson comorbidity index produced an average of 2.61±1.9 points (0–9) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). Of all the patients, 239 (12.9%) presented a spreading oncological process prior to initial admission.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>1378 scheduled procedures were carried out, while 476 were urgent. Of all the procedures, 1183 were cranial surgeries and 671 were spinal or of another type. The average hospital stay during the initial admission was 8 days (1–148). During that period, 36 (2.1%) patients died.A total of 174 patients (10.2%) needed to be readmitted in the first 30 days after discharge. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> details the data on the frequency of readmission and the causes of readmission for each diagnostic group. 66.1% of readmissions (115 patients) were patients with a history of cranial surgery, while 59 (33.9%) patients readmitted had received spinal surgery or some other type of operation.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>The causes for readmission are detailed in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>. The main cause was infection due to a surgical wound and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula, which occurred in 36 patients (21.2%), followed by pneumonia or respiratory failure in 31 cases (18.8%).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia>The univariate statistical analysis showed a relationship between 30-day readmission and patients over 65 years old with a history of diabetes mellitus, spreading oncological disease prior to initial admission, a greater score on the Charlson comorbidity index and a greater duration in days of the initial admission. These last 2 parameters were identified in the multivariate analysis as factors associated to readmission, with an OR of 1.71 (CI 95%: 1.12–2.94) for the Charlson index and an OR of 1.30 (CI 95%: 1.14–1.50) for the hospital stay. No relationship was found between readmission and the variables of gender, surgery in paediatric or adult patients, type of procedure (cranial versus spinal-others) and urgent or non-urgent character of the procedure.DiscussionPublications focused on readmission have significantly increased since 2010. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) will develop a readmission reduction programme in the United States to be implemented at the beginning of fiscal year 2013.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040">8</a> Said programme has considered an increase in penalisation for the centres that exceeded certain readmission figures. Said penalisation would be from 1 to 3% of the financial allowance destined for each diagnostic group in the Medicare programme.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040">8</a>The need for readmission may vary based on each medical speciality. There are publications that state the frequency of readmission for general surgery to be around 11.3%,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020">4–10</a> while for patients undergoing a coronary bypass, the frequency of readmission is 16.5%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">11</a> The work of Friedman in 2004 estimated the global rate of 30-day readmission in the Medicare population to be 19.5%<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">12</a> (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia>Recent studies estimate the global frequency of readmission in neurosurgical patients to be between 6.8 and 11.8%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065">13,14</a> In our series that frequency was 10.2%. In the separate analysis of spinal pathology and cranial pathology, differences in frequency of readmission were seen. Thus, the patients that needed spinal procedures had to be readmitted in about 4.2–9.1% of cases,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065">13–17</a> while readmission after cranial surgery was about 14–24%<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">18</a> (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a>). This study, however, has not found significant differences in frequency of readmission between the two groups.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia>Among the diagnoses that led to readmission, the most common in our series was represented by problems related to a surgical wound in 21.2% of cases. Previous publications have put said frequency at 11–32% of readmissions in neurosurgical patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010">2,16,20</a> The breakdown of readmission diagnoses in this study shows that at least 34.4% of readmissions (due to problems with a surgical wound or malfunction of the CSF shunt system) are directly related to the surgical procedure.In accordance with the results obtained in our research, previous studies have shown that a longer hospital stay during the index admission is associated with a greater risk of readmission.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010">2,3,13,15</a> In this case it is believed that prolonging the stay would be a surrogate variable of the existence of postoperative complications.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020">4,10</a> Apart from other disadvantages, prolonging the hospital stay may cause nosocomial infections that would lead to readmission.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">19</a>Previous publications have described a direct relationship between a greater number of comorbidities present at the time of initial admission and the need for 30-day readmission. The Charlson comorbidity index was used in our study to assign a value proportional to the comorbidity score. The results obtained in our experience confirm this relationship.In relation to the readmission frequency per diagnostic groups, it was 16.7% for brain tumours. This frequency is slightly higher than that described in the work of Marcus,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">19</a> where it was 13.2%. Within this group, the most common cause of readmission observed in our research were problems related to a surgical wound. The group made up of patients that had procedures for chronic subdural haematomas had a higher frequency of readmission in our study, at 17.4%. In this group, unlike what occurs with brain tumours, most causes of readmission were due to pathologies secondary to medical care, such as respiratory processes, urinary infections, venous thrombosis and other medical diagnoses.A greater understanding of the factors associated with readmission could make it possible to design programmes to decrease its frequency. The creation of strategies capable of reducing readmission would result in a significant reduction in healthcare costs, especially since previous publications put readmission costs of patients previously treated for brain tumours at more than 20,000 dollars.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">19</a> Therefore, studies have been conducted which suggest that adequately educating the patient, together with careful recommendations regarding using drugs as part of the information given at discharge, would reduce 30-day readmission.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105">21,22</a> Other types of actions would be based on detecting the emerging onset of postoperative complications early which would allow outpatient treatment to be established that was capable of anticipating and stopping the full development of a process that could lead to readmission.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">19</a> Therefore, follow-up of high-risk patients subsequent to discharge is necessary.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115">23</a> In this regard, The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality has developed a follow-up programme in a plan intended to reduce readmission rates after discharge. The frequency established for this outpatient follow-up in neurosurgical patients varies depending on the institution. Marcus et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">19</a> sets the time of this evaluation at day 11 after the end of hospitalisation, coinciding with the average number of days lapsed since discharge in patients that needed to be readmitted.This research is, as far as we know, the first at a national level directed at identifying readmission frequency in neurosurgical patients, as well as the factors associated with it. The limitations of this study are the fact that the data is only from one institution. Since administrative data was not used, readmission from other centres could not be recorded. This has also denied obtaining a larger sample size that would lead to an increase in the statistical power of the results. On the other hand, and in this study's favour, is the fact that as the authors obtained the information directly from medical histories, said information is more reliable. This data collection method also avoids incorrect information that could occur in studies based on administrative data, due to inconsistency in data codification, the difficulty of administrative data in reflecting significant changes in the development of the disease, as well as the fact that this data is oriented for purely administrative purposes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120">24–27</a>In conclusion, understanding the frequency of readmission in neurosurgical patients and the associated constraints represents a necessary area of study in order to improve quality of care for the patient's benefit and to optimise the financial cost. Subsequent studies are needed that are oriented at characterising factors associated with readmission better and evaluating potential procedures in order to minimise readmission.ConclusionsIn our series, 10.2% of patients required another admission at 30 days. A third of the cases were directly related to the surgical procedure performed during the previous admission. Multiple comorbidity expressed by the Charlson comorbidity index and the duration of the hospital stay were identified as risk factors independent of a greater probability of 30-day readmission.Conflicts of interestThe authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres796542" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Aim" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Material and methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec794828" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres796541" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Material y métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec794829" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 10 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2016-02-04" "fechaAceptado" => "2016-06-15" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec794828" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Health care cost" 1 => "Quality improvement" 2 => "Readmission" 3 => "Neurosurgery" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec794829" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Coste sanitario" 1 => "Mejoría en calidad" 2 => "Reingreso" 3 => "Neurocirugía" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "AimThe 30-day readmission rate has become an important indicator of health care quality. This study focuses on the incidence of 30-day readmission in neurosurgical patients and related risk factors. Material and methodsA retrospective review was performed on patients treated in a neurosurgery department between 1 January 2012 and the 31 December 2013. Patients requiring readmission within 30 days of discharge and the readmission diagnosis were identified, and the factors related to their readmission were analysed. ResultsA total of 1854 interventions were carried out on 1739 patients during the aforementioned (study) period. Of the remaining patients, 174 (10.2%) required readmission within 30 days of discharge. The main causes of readmission were problems related to the surgical wound (21.2% of all readmissions), followed by respiratory processes (18.8%). A total of 73.9% of readmissions occurred in patients who had undergone cranial surgery. Multiple comorbidities estimated by Charlson comorbidity index and length of hospital stay were identified as factors related to a higher readmission rate. ConclusionsThe 30-day readmission rate observed in our series was 10.2%. Multiple comorbidity expressed by the Charlson comorbidity index and length of hospital stay were related to readmission." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Aim" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Material and methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "ObjetivoEl reingreso a los 30días se ha convertido en un parámetro de uso creciente como indicador de calidad asistencial. El presente trabajo pretende establecer la frecuencia de reingreso a los 30días entre pacientes que precisaron intervención neuroquirúrgica, así como analizar los factores relacionados con dicha eventualidad. Material y métodosSe han revisado de forma retrospectiva los pacientes intervenidos en nuestra institución desde el 1 de enero de 2012 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2013. Se han identificado los pacientes que precisaron reingreso en los primeros 30días tras recibir el alta hospitalaria, así como la causa que motivó dicho ingreso. Se han analizado los factores relacionados con el reingreso. ResultadosSe llevaron a cabo 1.854 intervenciones en 1.739 pacientes durante el período señalado. Durante el ingreso fallecieron 36 pacientes (2,1%). De los pacientes restantes, un total de 174 (10,2%) precisaron reingreso hospitalario en los primeros 30días tras el alta. La principal causa de reingreso estuvo representada por los problemas relacionados con la herida quirúrgica (21,2% del total de reingresos), seguida de los procesos respiratorios (18,8%). El 73,9% de los reingresos aconteció en pacientes en los que se había realizado cirugía craneal. Los factores relacionados con una mayor tasa de reingreso fueron la comorbilidad múltiple estimada por el índice de comorbilidad de Charlson y la duración de la estancia hospitalaria anterior al reingreso. ConclusionesEn nuestra serie el 10,2% de los pacientes precisaron nuevo ingreso hospitalario a los 30días. La comorbilidad múltiple expresada por el índice de comorbilidad de Charlson y la duración de la estancia hospitalaria estuvieron relacionados con dicha eventualidad." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Material y métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "Please cite this article as: Vargas López AJ, Fernández Carballal C. Incidencia y factores de riesgo de reingreso hospitalario a los 30 días en pacientes neuroquirúrgicos. Neurocirugia. 2017;28:22–27." ] ] "multimedia" => array:6 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2449 "Ancho" => 1654 "Tamanyo" => 263145 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Charlson comorbidity index." ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Gender</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Males \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">932 (53.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Females \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">807 (46.4% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Age \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">54.19±19.5 years (0–88) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Adult patients \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1770 (95.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Paediatric patients (<18 years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">84 (4.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Charlson comorbidity index \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2.61±1.9 points (0–9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Scheduled surgery \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1378 (74.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Emergency surgery \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">476 (25.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Cranial surgery \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1183 (63.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Spinal/other surgeries \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">671 (36.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1335928.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Summary of patients’ demographic data and type of procedure conducted." ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Brain tumours \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total cases: 329 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Readmissions: 55 (16.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Readmission diagnosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Infection/fistula: 18 cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pneumonia/RF: 8 cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">UTI: 6 cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Shunt malfunction: 1 case \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">DVT: 11 cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Epileptic crisis: 2 cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Others: 9 cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hydrocephaly \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total cases: 111 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Readmissions: 5 (4.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Readmission diagnosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Infection/fistula: 1 case \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pneumonia/RF: 0 cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">UTI: 0 cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Shunt malfunction: 4 cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">DVT: 0 cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Epileptic crisis: 0 cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Others: 0 cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CSF shunt malfunction \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total cases: 84 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Readmissions: 13 (15.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Readmission diagnosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Infection/fistula: 1 case \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pneumonia/RF: 0 cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">UTI: 0 cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Shunt malfunction: 12 cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">DVT: 0 cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Epileptic crisis: 0 cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Others: 0 cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Chronic subdural haematoma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total cases: 92 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Readmissions: 16 (17.4%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Readmission diagnosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Infection/fistula: 1 case \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pneumonia/RF: 5 cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">UTI: 3 cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Shunt malfunction: 0 cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">DVT: 1 case \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Epileptic crisis: 1 case \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Others: 5 cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Non-instrumented spinal pathology \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total cases: 371 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Readmissions: 11 (3.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Readmission diagnosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Infection/fistula: 5 cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pneumonia/RF: 1 case \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">UTI: 1 case \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Shunt malfunction: 0 cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">DVT: 1 case \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Epileptic crisis: 0 cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Others: 3 cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Instrumented spinal pathology \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total cases: 322 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Readmissions: 21 (6.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Readmission diagnosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Infection/fistula: 7 cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pneumonia/RF: 3 cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">UTI: 4 cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Shunt malfunction: 0 cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">DVT: 2 cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Epileptic crisis: 0 cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Others: 5 cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1335925.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Case study and frequency of readmission of the main diagnostic groups, as well as the cause of readmission and its frequency." ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at3" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Readmission diagnosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Wound infection/CSF fistula \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">36 (21.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pneumonia/respiratory failure \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">31 (18.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">UTI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">21 (14.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">VPS malfunction \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">19 (13.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">DVT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">18 (12.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Epileptic crisis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7 (4.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Other \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">23 (15.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1335927.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Different diagnoses that led to readmission with their corresponding frequencies." ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at4" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Main author (year of publication) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patient group \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Readmission % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Friedman and Basu (2014)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">12</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Medicare population \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">19.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Kassin et al. (2012)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020">4</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">General surgery \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">11.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Schneider et al. (2012)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050">10</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Colorectal surgery \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">9–15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Reddy et al. (2009)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045">9</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Pancreatectomy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hannan et al. (2011)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">11</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Coronary bypass \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">16.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1335926.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Frequency of readmissions in other specialities described in previous work." ] ] 5 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0025" "etiqueta" => "Table 5" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at5" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Main author (year of publication) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patient group \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Readmission % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Buchanan et al. (2014)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065">13</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">General neurosurgery \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">6.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Shah et al. (2013)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">20</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">General neurosurgery \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">11.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Moghavem et al. (2015)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">18</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Cranial surgery \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">14–24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Marcus et al. (2014)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">19</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Brain tumours \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">13.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Bernatz et al. (2015)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075">15</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Rachis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4.7–6.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1335929.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Frequency of readmissions in neurosurgery described in previous works." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:27 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Hospital readmissions as a measure of quality of health care: advantages and limitations" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J. 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Incidence and risk factors of 30-day readmission in neurosurgical patients

Incidencia y factores de riesgo de reingreso hospitalario a los 30 días en pacientes neuroquirúrgicos

Antonio José Vargas López

Corresponding author

ajvargaslopez@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.

, Carlos Fernández Carballal

Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain

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The cost of readmission in the Medicare population in one year is estimated to top 17 billion dollars&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Readmission frequency&#44; as well as associated factors&#44; can vary among the various specialties&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a> In fact&#44; the causes that make it worse are different between patients that have received only medical care versus those that have received surgical treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present work&#44; therefore&#44; arises from the need to know both the frequency of 30 day hospital readmission&#44; as well as the factors associated to it in neurosurgical patients&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Methods</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients that needed neurosurgical intervention at Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara&#241;&#243;n were retrospectively analysed for the period starting on 1 January 2012 until 31 December 2013&#46; The procedures were collected from the surgery record belonging to the Neurosurgery Department&#46; Endovascular procedures&#44; intracranial pressure monitoring of neurocritical patients&#44; external ventricular drains and outpatient procedures have been excluded&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data belonging to the diagnosis that led to initial admission &#40;also called index admission&#41; and the treatment given were obtained&#46; According to the index diagnosis&#44; the following 6 diagnosis groups were created&#58; patients with cerebral tumours&#44; hydrocephalus&#44; shunt malfunction&#44; chronic subdural haematomas&#44; spine pathology that needs instrumentation and non-instrumented spine pathology&#46; Demographic variables &#40;age and gender&#41;&#44; medical-surgical history and the duration of the hospital stay during the initial admission were analysed in each of the patients&#46; The subgroup of paediatric patients includes those that are younger than 18 years of age&#46; The impact of the medical comorbidities of each patient has been estimated using the Charlson comorbidity index &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; The information for these variables was obtained from the medical histories of the patients&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patients that needed to be readmitted to any of the departments at our centre during the first 30 days after being discharged from the hospital were identified&#44; with the corresponding diagnosis that led to readmission&#46; Scheduled readmissions for procedures or administration of chemotherapy treatment&#44; as well as those admitted for supplemental testing were excluded&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Univariate analysis to identify the impact of each of the readmission variables separately has been carried out using the chi-squared and Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> parametric tests&#46; In addition&#44; multivariate analysis has been performed using the logistic regression model&#46; The variables of age&#44; separating patients older than 65 years from the rest&#44; and the initial diagnosis were dichotomised&#44; differentiating patients with cranial pathology from patients with spinal pathology or another different diagnosis&#46; SPSS 15&#46;0 software was used&#46; Statistical significance was established at <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Results</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">During the period specified&#44; 1854 procedures were performed on 1739 patients&#46; A total of 86 patients &#40;4&#46;9&#37;&#41; needed more than one procedure during the index admission&#46; Of all the patients&#44; 932 were men &#40;53&#46;6&#37;&#41; and 807 were women &#40;46&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#46; The average age was 54&#46;19<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>years &#40;0&#8211;88&#41;&#46; In total&#44; 1770 procedures &#40;95&#46;5&#37;&#41; were performed on adult patients&#44; while 84 procedures were performed on paediatric patients &#40;4&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#46; The comorbidities calculation using the Charlson comorbidity index produced an average of 2&#46;61<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;9 points &#40;0&#8211;9&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; Of all the patients&#44; 239 &#40;12&#46;9&#37;&#41; presented a spreading oncological process prior to initial admission&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">1378 scheduled procedures were carried out&#44; while 476 were urgent&#46; Of all the procedures&#44; 1183 were cranial surgeries and 671 were spinal or of another type&#46; The average hospital stay during the initial admission was 8 days &#40;1&#8211;148&#41;&#46; During that period&#44; 36 &#40;2&#46;1&#37;&#41; patients died&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 174 patients &#40;10&#46;2&#37;&#41; needed to be readmitted in the first 30 days after discharge&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> details the data on the frequency of readmission and the causes of readmission for each diagnostic group&#46; 66&#46;1&#37; of readmissions &#40;115 patients&#41; were patients with a history of cranial surgery&#44; while 59 &#40;33&#46;9&#37;&#41; patients readmitted had received spinal surgery or some other type of operation&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The causes for readmission are detailed in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#46; The main cause was infection due to a surgical wound and&#47;or cerebrospinal fluid &#40;CSF&#41; fistula&#44; which occurred in 36 patients &#40;21&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#44; followed by pneumonia or respiratory failure in 31 cases &#40;18&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The univariate statistical analysis showed a relationship between 30-day readmission and patients over 65 years old with a history of diabetes mellitus&#44; spreading oncological disease prior to initial admission&#44; a greater score on the Charlson comorbidity index and a greater duration in days of the initial admission&#46; These last 2 parameters were identified in the multivariate analysis as factors associated to readmission&#44; with an OR of 1&#46;71 &#40;CI 95&#37;&#58; 1&#46;12&#8211;2&#46;94&#41; for the Charlson index and an OR of 1&#46;30 &#40;CI 95&#37;&#58; 1&#46;14&#8211;1&#46;50&#41; for the hospital stay&#46; No relationship was found between readmission and the variables of gender&#44; surgery in paediatric or adult patients&#44; type of procedure &#40;cranial versus spinal-others&#41; and urgent or non-urgent character of the procedure&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discussion</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Publications focused on readmission have significantly increased since 2010&#46; The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act &#40;PPACA&#41; will develop a readmission reduction programme in the United States to be implemented at the beginning of fiscal year 2013&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Said programme has considered an increase in penalisation for the centres that exceeded certain readmission figures&#46; Said penalisation would be from 1 to 3&#37; of the financial allowance destined for each diagnostic group in the Medicare programme&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The need for readmission may vary based on each medical speciality&#46; There are publications that state the frequency of readmission for general surgery to be around 11&#46;3&#37;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#8211;10</span></a> while for patients undergoing a coronary bypass&#44; the frequency of readmission is 16&#46;5&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> The work of Friedman in 2004 estimated the global rate of 30-day readmission in the Medicare population to be 19&#46;5&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Recent studies estimate the global frequency of readmission in neurosurgical patients to be between 6&#46;8 and 11&#46;8&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;14</span></a> In our series that frequency was 10&#46;2&#37;&#46; In the separate analysis of spinal pathology and cranial pathology&#44; differences in frequency of readmission were seen&#46; Thus&#44; the patients that needed spinal procedures had to be readmitted in about 4&#46;2&#8211;9&#46;1&#37; of cases&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#8211;17</span></a> while readmission after cranial surgery was about 14&#8211;24&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a>&#41;&#46; This study&#44; however&#44; has not found significant differences in frequency of readmission between the two groups&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Among the diagnoses that led to readmission&#44; the most common in our series was represented by problems related to a surgical wound in 21&#46;2&#37; of cases&#46; Previous publications have put said frequency at 11&#8211;32&#37; of readmissions in neurosurgical patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;16&#44;20</span></a> The breakdown of readmission diagnoses in this study shows that at least 34&#46;4&#37; of readmissions &#40;due to problems with a surgical wound or malfunction of the CSF shunt system&#41; are directly related to the surgical procedure&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In accordance with the results obtained in our research&#44; previous studies have shown that a longer hospital stay during the index admission is associated with a greater risk of readmission&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3&#44;13&#44;15</span></a> In this case it is believed that prolonging the stay would be a surrogate variable of the existence of postoperative complications&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;10</span></a> Apart from other disadvantages&#44; prolonging the hospital stay may cause nosocomial infections that would lead to readmission&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Previous publications have described a direct relationship between a greater number of comorbidities present at the time of initial admission and the need for 30-day readmission&#46; The Charlson comorbidity index was used in our study to assign a value proportional to the comorbidity score&#46; The results obtained in our experience confirm this relationship&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In relation to the readmission frequency per diagnostic groups&#44; it was 16&#46;7&#37; for brain tumours&#46; This frequency is slightly higher than that described in the work of Marcus&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> where it was 13&#46;2&#37;&#46; Within this group&#44; the most common cause of readmission observed in our research were problems related to a surgical wound&#46; The group made up of patients that had procedures for chronic subdural haematomas had a higher frequency of readmission in our study&#44; at 17&#46;4&#37;&#46; In this group&#44; unlike what occurs with brain tumours&#44; most causes of readmission were due to pathologies secondary to medical care&#44; such as respiratory processes&#44; urinary infections&#44; venous thrombosis and other medical diagnoses&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A greater understanding of the factors associated with readmission could make it possible to design programmes to decrease its frequency&#46; The creation of strategies capable of reducing readmission would result in a significant reduction in healthcare costs&#44; especially since previous publications put readmission costs of patients previously treated for brain tumours at more than 20&#44;000 dollars&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> Therefore&#44; studies have been conducted which suggest that adequately educating the patient&#44; together with careful recommendations regarding using drugs as part of the information given at discharge&#44; would reduce 30-day readmission&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;22</span></a> Other types of actions would be based on detecting the emerging onset of postoperative complications early which would allow outpatient treatment to be established that was capable of anticipating and stopping the full development of a process that could lead to readmission&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> Therefore&#44; follow-up of high-risk patients subsequent to discharge is necessary&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> In this regard&#44; The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality has developed a follow-up programme in a plan intended to reduce readmission rates after discharge&#46; The frequency established for this outpatient follow-up in neurosurgical patients varies depending on the institution&#46; Marcus et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> sets the time of this evaluation at day 11 after the end of hospitalisation&#44; coinciding with the average number of days lapsed since discharge in patients that needed to be readmitted&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This research is&#44; as far as we know&#44; the first at a national level directed at identifying readmission frequency in neurosurgical patients&#44; as well as the factors associated with it&#46; The limitations of this study are the fact that the data is only from one institution&#46; Since administrative data was not used&#44; readmission from other centres could not be recorded&#46; This has also denied obtaining a larger sample size that would lead to an increase in the statistical power of the results&#46; On the other hand&#44; and in this study&#39;s favour&#44; is the fact that as the authors obtained the information directly from medical histories&#44; said information is more reliable&#46; This data collection method also avoids incorrect information that could occur in studies based on administrative data&#44; due to inconsistency in data codification&#44; the difficulty of administrative data in reflecting significant changes in the development of the disease&#44; as well as the fact that this data is oriented for purely administrative purposes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#8211;27</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; understanding the frequency of readmission in neurosurgical patients and the associated constraints represents a necessary area of study in order to improve quality of care for the patient&#39;s benefit and to optimise the financial cost&#46; Subsequent studies are needed that are oriented at characterising factors associated with readmission better and evaluating potential procedures in order to minimise readmission&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Conclusions</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our series&#44; 10&#46;2&#37; of patients required another admission at 30 days&#46; A third of the cases were directly related to the surgical procedure performed during the previous admission&#46; Multiple comorbidity expressed by the Charlson comorbidity index and the duration of the hospital stay were identified as risk factors independent of a greater probability of 30-day readmission&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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            0 => "Coste sanitario"
            1 => "Mejor&#237;a en calidad"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Aim</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The 30-day readmission rate has become an important indicator of health care quality&#46; This study focuses on the incidence of 30-day readmission in neurosurgical patients and related risk factors&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A retrospective review was performed on patients treated in a neurosurgery department between 1 January 2012 and the 31 December 2013&#46; Patients requiring readmission within 30 days of discharge and the readmission diagnosis were identified&#44; and the factors related to their readmission were analysed&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 1854 interventions were carried out on 1739 patients during the aforementioned &#40;study&#41; period&#46; Of the remaining patients&#44; 174 &#40;10&#46;2&#37;&#41; required readmission within 30 days of discharge&#46; The main causes of readmission were problems related to the surgical wound &#40;21&#46;2&#37; of all readmissions&#41;&#44; followed by respiratory processes &#40;18&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#46; A total of 73&#46;9&#37; of readmissions occurred in patients who had undergone cranial surgery&#46; Multiple comorbidities estimated by Charlson comorbidity index and length of hospital stay were identified as factors related to a higher readmission rate&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The 30-day readmission rate observed in our series was 10&#46;2&#37;&#46; Multiple comorbidity expressed by the Charlson comorbidity index and length of hospital stay were related to readmission&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
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            "titulo" => "Aim"
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          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Material and methods"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El reingreso a los 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>d&#237;as se ha convertido en un par&#225;metro de uso creciente como indicador de calidad asistencial&#46; El presente trabajo pretende establecer la frecuencia de reingreso a los 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>d&#237;as entre pacientes que precisaron intervenci&#243;n neuroquir&#250;rgica&#44; as&#237; como analizar los factores relacionados con dicha eventualidad&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se han revisado de forma retrospectiva los pacientes intervenidos en nuestra instituci&#243;n desde el 1 de enero de 2012 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2013&#46; Se han identificado los pacientes que precisaron reingreso en los primeros 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>d&#237;as tras recibir el alta hospitalaria&#44; as&#237; como la causa que motiv&#243; dicho ingreso&#46; Se han analizado los factores relacionados con el reingreso&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se llevaron a cabo 1&#46;854 intervenciones en 1&#46;739 pacientes durante el per&#237;odo se&#241;alado&#46; Durante el ingreso fallecieron 36 pacientes &#40;2&#44;1&#37;&#41;&#46; De los pacientes restantes&#44; un total de 174 &#40;10&#44;2&#37;&#41; precisaron reingreso hospitalario en los primeros 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>d&#237;as tras el alta&#46; La principal causa de reingreso estuvo representada por los problemas relacionados con la herida quir&#250;rgica &#40;21&#44;2&#37; del total de reingresos&#41;&#44; seguida de los procesos respiratorios &#40;18&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#46; El 73&#44;9&#37; de los reingresos aconteci&#243; en pacientes en los que se hab&#237;a realizado cirug&#237;a craneal&#46; Los factores relacionados con una mayor tasa de reingreso fueron la comorbilidad m&#250;ltiple estimada por el &#237;ndice de comorbilidad de Charlson y la duraci&#243;n de la estancia hospitalaria anterior al reingreso&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En nuestra serie el 10&#44;2&#37; de los pacientes precisaron nuevo ingreso hospitalario a los 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>d&#237;as&#46; La comorbilidad m&#250;ltiple expresada por el &#237;ndice de comorbilidad de Charlson y la duraci&#243;n de la estancia hospitalaria estuvieron relacionados con dicha eventualidad&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Vargas L&#243;pez AJ&#44; Fern&#225;ndez Carballal C&#46; Incidencia y factores de riesgo de reingreso hospitalario a los 30 d&#237;as en pacientes neuroquir&#250;rgicos&#46; Neurocirugia&#46; 2017&#59;28&#58;22&#8211;27&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Gender</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Males&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">932 &#40;53&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Females&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">807 &#40;46&#46;4&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">54&#46;19<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19&#46;5 years &#40;0&#8211;88&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Adult patients</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1770 &#40;95&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Paediatric patients &#40;&#60;18 years&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">84 &#40;4&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Charlson comorbidity index</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;61<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;9 points &#40;0&#8211;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Scheduled surgery</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1378 &#40;74&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Emergency surgery</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">476 &#40;25&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cranial surgery</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1183 &#40;63&#46;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Spinal&#47;other surgeries</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">671 &#40;36&#46;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1335928.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Summary of patients&#8217; demographic data and type of procedure conducted&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at2"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Brain tumours</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Total cases&#58; 329</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Readmissions&#58; 55 &#40;16&#46;7&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Readmission diagnosis</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Infection&#47;fistula&#58; 18 cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pneumonia&#47;RF&#58; 8 cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>UTI&#58; 6 cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Shunt malfunction&#58; 1 case&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DVT&#58; 11 cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Epileptic crisis&#58; 2 cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Others&#58; 9 cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Hydrocephaly</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Total cases&#58; 111</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Readmissions&#58; 5 &#40;4&#46;5&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Readmission diagnosis</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Infection&#47;fistula&#58; 1 case&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pneumonia&#47;RF&#58; 0 cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>UTI&#58; 0 cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Shunt malfunction&#58; 4 cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DVT&#58; 0 cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Epileptic crisis&#58; 0 cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Others&#58; 0 cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">CSF shunt malfunction</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Total cases&#58; 84</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Readmissions&#58; 13 &#40;15&#46;5&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Readmission diagnosis</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Infection&#47;fistula&#58; 1 case&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pneumonia&#47;RF&#58; 0 cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>UTI&#58; 0 cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Shunt malfunction&#58; 12 cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DVT&#58; 0 cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Epileptic crisis&#58; 0 cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Others&#58; 0 cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Chronic subdural haematoma</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Total cases&#58; 92</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Readmissions&#58; 16 &#40;17&#46;4&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Readmission diagnosis</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Infection&#47;fistula&#58; 1 case&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pneumonia&#47;RF&#58; 5 cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>UTI&#58; 3 cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Shunt malfunction&#58; 0 cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DVT&#58; 1 case&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Epileptic crisis&#58; 1 case&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Others&#58; 5 cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Non-instrumented spinal pathology</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Total cases&#58; 371</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Readmissions&#58; 11 &#40;3&#46;0&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Readmission diagnosis</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Infection&#47;fistula&#58; 5 cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pneumonia&#47;RF&#58; 1 case&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>UTI&#58; 1 case&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Shunt malfunction&#58; 0 cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DVT&#58; 1 case&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Epileptic crisis&#58; 0 cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Others&#58; 3 cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Instrumented spinal pathology</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Total cases&#58; 322</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Readmissions&#58; 21 &#40;6&#46;5&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Readmission diagnosis</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Infection&#47;fistula&#58; 7 cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pneumonia&#47;RF&#58; 3 cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>UTI&#58; 4 cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Shunt malfunction&#58; 0 cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DVT&#58; 2 cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Epileptic crisis&#58; 0 cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Others&#58; 5 cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1335925.png"
              ]
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Case study and frequency of readmission of the main diagnostic groups&#44; as well as the cause of readmission and its frequency&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">23 &#40;15&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Readmission &#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Kassin et al&#46; &#40;2012&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">General surgery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Schneider et al&#46; &#40;2012&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Colorectal surgery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Pancreatectomy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Coronary bypass&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">General neurosurgery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Moghavem et al&#46; &#40;2015&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Cranial surgery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Brain tumours&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Bernatz et al&#46; &#40;2015&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Rachis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#46;7&#8211;6&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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      "titulo" => "References"
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                  "comentario" => "discusi&#243;n 341-3"
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Article information

ISSN: 25298496
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.neucie.2016.06.002

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