El Glioblastoma multiforme con agregación familiar es poco frecuente, asociándose la mayor parte de los casos a síndromes genéticos conocidos (como el síndrome de Turcot, el síndrome de Li-Fraumeni, la neurofibromatosis, etc). Sin embargo, existen otros gliomas familiares no asociados a estos cuadros sindrómicos que, aunque menos frecuentes, han mostrado unas características etiológicas y clínicas diferentes a las de los gliomas esporádicos.
Por otra parte, hasta un 10% de los gliomas se consideran verdaderamente multicéntricos, apareciendo de modo síncrono o metácrono. Los glioblastomas de aparición metácrona han mostrado en algunos estudios un mejor pronóstico, habiéndose encontrado trastornos genéticos diferentes en los tumores de un mismo paciente.
Los gliomas familiares con presentación metácrona son excepcionales. Estos tumores presentan unas implicaciones terapéuticas especiales por la limitación del tratamiento radioterápico tras el tratamiento inicial. Aunque se han identificado mutaciones variadas en estos pacientes, la identificación precisa de dichos trastornos se basará en el estudio de su sustrato genético específico. Presentamos un caso clínico que combina ambas peculiaridades revisando las características de esta patología.
Familial glioblastoma multiforme is a rather uncommon entity, being in most cases associated to known genetic disorders (as Turcot syndrome, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, neurofibromatosis, etc.). However, familial gliomas have also been described, although less frequently, independently of these genetic syndromes showing some special features regarding its etiology and clinical manifestations.
Less than 10% of gliomas may be considered as true multicentric tumours either synchronous or metachronous in clinical presentation. Metachronous glioblastomas have been associated to better prognosis in some studies, with genetic studies having found clear differences among the tumors within same patients.
Familial glioblastoma with metachronous presentation is an exceptional disorder. These tumors show special therapeutic implications due to the limitations of radiotherapy once the patient has already irradiated. A variety of non-specific mutations have been found in these patients but true characterization of this disorder remains unclear and will be based on further genetic studies. We present a clinical report on a patient harbouring a familial and metachronous glioblastoma. The main aspects of this entity are reviwed.
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