The study presents the results of reconstruction surgery of lesions on n. facialis with n. hypoglossus and n. accessorius performed in our clinic.
Patient group and methods10 patients were treated by anastomosis of n. facialis with n. hypoglossus (HFA), 1 patient by anastomosis of n. facialis with n. accessorius (AFA). All operations were performed under the microscope; HFA and AFA anastomoses were sewed without tension at perineurium. The techique of suturation of facial nerves did not differ from the suturation of peripheral nerves in extremities. For the connection of n. VII-XII was not used plasma pasting. We did not use end to side anastomosis or reconstruction of n. VIIVII in pontocerebellar angle, in pyramid, or symetrical anastomoses of n. VII-VII, in any case. The results were objectivized by a VI grade Brudny's modification of House-Brackman classification introduced originally for scaling of the outcome of HFA anastomosis. In this study, this classification has been used for the objectivization of AFA anastomosis results.
ResultsReconstruction surgery by HFA and AFA resulted in all cases in grade III of the scale. Glossal hemiatrophy or atrophy of m. sternocleidomastoideus and m. trapesius were observed in patients treated by cross anastomosis with n. hypoglossus or n. accessorius. In patients treated by HFA and even more pronounced in patient with AFA anastomosis, minute synkineses in the region of labial angle, chin, also in the region of lower eyelid, occurred in the excited emotional state or during a long-lasting speech.
Major diskincses were not observed in any of reported treatments. Recovery in older patients up to 60 years was coming more slowly, in one case after 6 months.
ConclusionCompared to AFA anastomosis, HFA anastomoses resulted in improved mimics and synkineses present here were finer. We prefer HFA anastomosis also because the discomfort caused by atrophy of ni. trapesius and ni. sternocleidomastoideus was apparently more perceived by patient treated by AFA than the negative effects of hemiatrophy reported by patients treated by FIFA.
Este trabajo presenta los resultados de cirugía reparativa de lesiones del nervio facial con anastomosis con el nervio hipogloso y con el accesorio en nuestra clínica.
Grupo de pacientes y métodosSe trataron 10 pacientes con anastomosis del nervio facial con hipogloso (AFH) y un paciente con anastomosis con el nervio accesorio, (AFA). Todas las operaciones se realizaron con microscopio. Todas las anastomosis se hicieron sin tensión en el perineuro. La técnica de sutura no difería de la habitual en otros nervios periféricos. Para la unión del VII-XII no se utilizó pegamento de plasma. No utilizamos anastomosis latero-terminal ni anastomosis de los extremos del VII lesionado en el ángulo pontocerebeloso, en la pirámide ni tampoco del VII-VII simétricos. Los resultados se objetivaron con el grado VI de Brudny, modificación de la escala de House-Brackman, clasificación propuesta para medir el pronóstico de las lesiones del facial. En este estudio se ha utilizado para objetivar el resultado de la anastomosis.
ResultadosLa reconstrucción quirúrgica por anastomosis dio como resultado un grado III de la escala. Se observó hemiatrofia de la lengua y del trapecio esternocleidomastoideo. Se apreciaron mínimas discinesias en la comisura labial, mejilla y párpado inferior en situaciones de alteración emocional o después de hablar largamente. No hubo discinesias importantes en ningún caso. La recuperación fue lenta en pacientes de más de 60 años; en un caso después de seis meses.
ConclusiónSi se compara la AFH con la AFA el mejor resultado se obtuvo con la anastomosis del hipogloso, tanto en la mímica como en las sincinesias. Preferimos la AFH porque la atrofia del esternocleidomastoideo y trapecio eran más molestas para el paciente que las producidas por la hemiatrofia lingual.
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