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Vol. 13. Issue 4.
Pages 305-310 (January 2002)
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Vol. 13. Issue 4.
Pages 305-310 (January 2002)
Primary hypothalamic-third ventricle lymphoma. Case report and review of the literature
Linfoma primitivo de hipotálamo. Caso clínico y revisión de la literatura
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J.M. Pascual
, F. González-Llanos, J.M. Roda
Unit of Neurosurgery. Clínica Moncloa. Madrid
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Summary

Primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) are infrequent tumors and their presentation as a solitary hypothalamic-third ventricle mass can be considered exceptional. We report the case of a 57-year-old woman with progressive visual deterioration, diabetes insipidus and mental confusion. She had a diffuse and homogeneous tumoral lesión involving the third ventricle and the adjacent hypothalamic area with marked enhancement after contast administration on both, competed tomography sean and magnetic resonance images. It was approached and partially resected by the translamina terminalis route. Histological diagnosis proved to be a diffuse non-Hodgkin lymphoma and the patient subsequently was treated with adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Followup examination showed visual acuity recover but persistent confesional state. Eight similar well described cases reported in the literature are reviewed with a description of the major diffentiating features of this neurological entity. Treatment of PCNSL remains a challenge, and the topographical location within the hypothalamic-third ventricle area is even more complex.

Key words:
Primary central nervous system lymphoma
Third ventricle tumor
Translamina terminalis approach
Resumen

Los linfomas primarios del sistema nervioso central son tumores infrecuentes cuya presentación clínica como una lesión aislada a nivel del tercer ventrículo y área hipotalámica puede considerarse excepcional. En este trabajo describimos el caso de una paciente de 57 años que presentaba un cuadro clínico de pérdida de visión, junto a diabetes insípida y confusión mental y que fue diagnosticada mediante tomografía computerizada y resonancia magnética cerebral de una lesión tumoral situada en el tercer ventrículo y área hipotalámica adyacente. En ambas pruebas diagnósticas la tumoración captaba contraste de forma intensa y homogénea. Esta lesión se abordó quirúrgicamente a través de una vía translámina terminalis y fue extirpada parcialmente. El estudio anatomopatológico confirmó el diagnóstico de un linfoma no Hodgkin de tipo difuso y la paciente recibió un tratamiento complementario con quimioterapia y radioterapia. Durante la evolución postquirúrgica la paciente recuperó su agudeza visual pero mantuvo su estado de confusión mental. La revisión exhaustiva de la literatura ha evidenciado la existencia de tan sólo 8 casos similares descritos previamente. El tratamiento de los linfomas primarios del sistema nervioso central sigue constituyendo un desafio médico y quirúrgico, incrementándose en los casos con una Idealización topográfica en el área hipotalámica y del tercer ventrículo.

Palabras clave:
Linfoma primario del sistema nervioso central
Tumores del tercer ventrículo
Abordaje translámina terminalis

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