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Vol. 20. Issue 6.
Pages 533-540 (January 2009)
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Vol. 20. Issue 6.
Pages 533-540 (January 2009)
Q-VD-OPh, a pancaspase inhibitor, reduces trauma-induced apoptosis and improves the recovery of hind-limb function in rats after spinal cord injury
Q-VD-OPh, un inhibidor de caspasas, reduce la apoptosis relacionada con el trauma y mejora la recuperación funcional en ratas tras lesión medular traumática
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V. Antar*, O. Akdemir*, A. Sağmanligil*
* Department of Neurosurgery, Maltepe University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
E. Sahan**
** Department of Neurosurgery and Pathology, Istanbul, Turkey
Ö. Çelik***
*** Taksim Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul. Turkey
A. Çolak
Corresponding author
drahmetcolak@yahoo.com

Address correspondence to: Kartaltepe Mahallesi, Terakki Caddesi 47/7. Bakirkoy, Istanbul, Turkey.
, A. Karaoğlan
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Kültür University Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Istanbul. Turkey
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Article information
Summary
Background

Various caspases have been implicated in the development of secondary damage after spinal cord injury (SCI). Anticaspase therapy that targets only one caspase has been investigated in a variety of in vitro and in vivo studies. This study examined the neuroprotective effects of Q-VD-OPh, a pan-caspase inhibitor, in a rat model of SCI.

Methods

Thirty Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups of 10 each: the sham-operated controls (group 1), the trauma-created controls (group 2), and the QVD-OPh–treated rats (group 3). An SCI (a trauma of 40g-cm) was produced at the thoracic level (T8-T10) by the weight-drop technique. The response to injury and the neuroprotective effects of Q-VD-OPh were investigated by histopathologic examination and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) 24 hours and 5 days after trauma. The inclined plane technique of Rivlin and Tator and a modified version of Tarlov's grading scale were used to assess the functional status of the rats 24 hours, 3 days, and 5 days after injury.

Results

Twenty-four hours after trauma, light microscopic examination of a specimen taken from group 2 rats revealed hemorrhage, necrosis, vascular thrombi, and edema. Group 3 tissue samples showed similar features at that time. Twenty-four hours after trauma, the mean apoptotic cell number was 4.47±0.35 cells in group 2 and 1.58±0.33 in group 3. Five days after injury, the mean apoptotic cell count was 4.35± 0.47 in group 2 and 1.25±0.34 in group 3. Thus the number of TUNEL-positive cells in an injured spinal cord was greatly reduced by treatment with Q-VDOPh. The neurologic function scores (both the inclined plane performance and motor grading scores) were significantly better in the Q-VD-OPh–treated group than in the trauma-created control group.

Conclusion

The marked antiapoptotic properties of Q-VD-OPh due to the inhibition of all caspases render it a promising novel agent. A therapeutic strategy using Q-VD-OPh may eventually lead to the effective treatment of SCI in humans.

Key words:
Caspase
Q-VD-OPh
TUNEL
SCI
Secondary damage
Spinal cord injury
Abbreviations:
DMSO
SCI
TUNEL
Resumen
Introducción

En el desarrollo de daño secundario tras lesión medular están implicadas diversas caspasas. La terapia anti-caspasas ha utilizado como diana una sola caspasa que ha sido investigada en una gran variedad de estudios tanto in-vitro como in-vivo. Estos estudios han examinado el efecto neuroprotector del Q-VD-PPh, un inhibidor pan-caspasa, en un modelo de lesión medular en rata.

Material y métodos

Se dividieron 30 ratas Wistar en tres grupos de 10 ratas cada uno: una lesión medular traumática (con un trauma de 40g-cm) se realizó a nivel torácico grupo control (grupo 1), grupo trauma control (grupo 2) y el grupo de ratas tratadas con QVD-OPh (grupo 3) se realizó a nivel torácico (T8-T10) mediante la técnica de caída de peso. La respuesta a la lesión y los efectos neuroprotectores de Q-VD-OPh se valoraron mediante el examen histopatológico y la técnica de TUNEL 24 horas y 5 días tras el traumatismo. Se usó la prueba del plano inclinado de Rivlin y Tator y una versión modificada de la escala de Tarlov para valorar el resultado funcional de las ratas 24 horas, 3 días y 5 días tras la lesión.

Resultado

Veinticuatro horas tras la lesión, el estudio histopatológico de las secciones obtenidas del grupo 2 revelaron hemorragia, necrosis, trombos vasculares y edema. Las secciones obtenidos del grupo 3 mostraron hallazgos similares en ese momento. 24 horas tras la lesión el número de células apoptóticas fue 4.47±0.35 en el grupo 2 y 1.58±0.33 en el grupo 3. Cinco días tras la lesión el número medio de células apoptóticas fue de 4.35±0.47 en el grupo 2 y de 1.25±0.34 en el grupo 3. De esta forma el número de células TUNEL positivas en la médula dañada se redujo de forma considerable con el tratamiento con Q-VD-OPh. La función neurológica (tanto con el plano inclinado como con las escalas motoras) fueron significativamente mejores en el grupo de ratas tratadas mediante Q-VD-OPh que en el grupo control.

Conclusión

Los marcados efectos antiapoptóticos de la Q-VD-OPh debido a la inhibición de todas las caspasas hace que sea un agente prometedor.

Palabras clave:
Caspasa
Q-VD-OPh
TUNEL
Lesión medular traumática
Lesión secundaria

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