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Vol. 11. Issue 5.
Pages 351-363 (January 2000)
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Vol. 11. Issue 5.
Pages 351-363 (January 2000)
Trauma craneal leve en adultos. Revisión de la literatura
Mild head injury in adults. A review
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P.A. Gómez, R.D. Lobato, A. Lagares, J.F. Alén
Servicio de Neurocirugía. Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Madrid
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Resumen

Hasta hace unos pocos años se había dirigido poca atención al traumatismo craneal no grave, que supone alrededor del 80% de todos los traumas craneales. La elevada incidencia del trauma craneal leve consume abundantes recursos materiales y humanos en los países occidentales, por lo que se ha convertido en un problema sanitario de primer orden. Además, se ha comprobado la importancia que tiene un correcto manejo de estos pacientes con un “bajo riesgo” inicial en la reducción de la mortalidad total del trauma craneal.

Durante muchos años no hubo un consenso generalizado en la definición, indicaciones neuroradiológicas o tratamiento de pacientes con trauma craneal leve, lo que suscitó una gran controversia en el tratamiento de estos casos. En los últimos años, coincidiendo con una mayor disponibilidad de la tomografía computerizada, se han establecido por distintos grupos de trabajo unas guías y protocolos con el fin de manejar más uniformemente a estos pacientes.

El fin último de todos estos estudios es tratar de diagnosticar aquellos pacientes que tienen un mayor riesgo de presentar complicaciones intracraneales tras sufrir un trauma leve inicial con el menor costo posible. En nuestro trabajo analizamos los avances obtenidos en estos últimos años.

Palabras clave:
Trauma craneal leve
Adultos
Revisión
Summary

Mild head injuries had attracted little interest since a few years ago. Those patients represent 80% of all head injuries. These high admission rates constitute a major public health problem in the occidental world. Besides, a substantial reduction in mortality as a whole can be achieved by addressing more attention to the large number of patients with an initial mild head injury.

For a long time, there had not been a consensus in the definition, radiological test or uniform treatment of patients with mild head injury, which generated a great disagreement in the treatment of these patients. In the last ten years, along with a greater availability of CT scan, different guidelines for management have been published.

The end point of these works is to diagnose a higher number of patients at risk to develop an intracranial haematoma after suffering an initial mild head injury, with the best cost- effectiveness. In our work we analyse the advances obtained in the last years of investigation.

Key words:
Mild head injury
Adult, Review

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