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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los recientes avances en radiolog&#237;a&#44; t&#233;cnica microquir&#250;rgica y de reconstrucci&#243;n han permitido que la cirug&#237;a craneofacial &#40;CCF&#41; se haya convertido en el tratamiento de elecci&#243;n de la patolog&#237;a tumoral de fosa craneal anterior&#46; A pesar de esto&#44; continua asoci&#225;ndose a una incidencia de complicaciones considerable &#40;24&#8211;56&#37;&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#46; Revisi&#243;n&#44; an&#225;lisis y manejo de las complicaciones de la CCF en una serie de 41 pacientes&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">41 pacientes diagnosticados de patolog&#237;a tumoral infiltrativa de base craneal anterior&#44; fueron intervenidos mediante CCF&#44; entre 1990 y 2002&#46; La extensi&#243;n tumoral fue valorada en todos los casos con TC y RMN de la regi&#243;n craneo-facial&#46; Tras determinar el volumen y extensi&#243;n tumoral se dise&#241;&#243; un tratamiento quir&#250;rgico radical&#44; con el objetivo de conseguir una resecci&#243;n tumoral &#8220;en bloque&#8221;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El 63&#46;4&#37; de los pacientes eran varones con una mediana de edad de 57 a&#241;os &#40;18&#8211;73&#41;&#46; La histolog&#237;a m&#225;s frecuente de los tumores fue carcinoma escamoso y la localizaci&#243;n habitual fue en los senos paranasales en el 78&#37; &#40;32 de 41 casos&#41;&#46; En el 85&#46;4&#37; de los pacientes se realiz&#243; una craneotom&#237;a bifrontal basal y en el 14&#46;6&#37; restante craneotom&#237;a frontoorbitaria unilateral&#44; en un s&#243;lo colgajo &#243;seo&#46; El &#225;rea de resecci&#243;n facial inclu&#237;a&#58; etmoidectom&#237;a &#40;60&#46;9&#37;&#41;&#44; etmoido-esfenoidectom&#237;a &#40;24&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#44; maxilectom&#237;a unilateral &#40;39&#37;&#41; y exenteraci&#243;n orbitaria &#40;14&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#46; Para la reconstrucci&#243;n se utiliz&#243;&#58; colgajo pediculado pericraneal &#40;100&#37;&#41;&#44; colgajos locales &#40;34&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#44; colgajos libres microvascularizados &#40;21&#46;9&#37;&#41; e injerto &#243;seo aut&#243;logo &#40;19&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#46; 20 pacientes &#40;48&#46;7&#37;&#41; presentaron complicaciones postoperatorias&#44; entre las que destacan&#44; como complicaciones mayores la f&#237;stula de LCR &#40;12&#46;1&#37;&#41; y la meningitis &#40;7&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#46; La mortalidad global fue del 7&#46;3&#37;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La CCF continua asoci&#225;ndose a una elevada tasa de complicaciones&#44; en general de tipo infeccioso&#46; El perfeccionamiento de las t&#233;cnicas de reconstrucci&#243;n permitir&#225;n reducir la incidencia de las complicaciones m&#225;s frecuentes y peligrosas&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The development of new radiographic techniques and the refinement of microsurgery and reconstructive surgery have been the responsible of the establishment of craniofacial resection &#40;CFR&#41; as the standard treatment of anterior skull base tumors&#46; Overall complication rates varies from 24&#8211;56&#37;&#44; according to a review of recently published series&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectives</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#46; To describe the complications of CFR in a series of 41 patients and to analyze the management and final outcome&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">From 1990 to 2002&#44; 41 patients underwent CFR for tumors involving the anterior cranial base&#46; The extent of the tumor was always assessed with craniofacial CT-scan and MRI&#46; The objective of the surgical treatment was to achive &#8220;on block&#8221; removal of the tumor&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The average age was 57 years with a male preponderance &#40;63&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#46; Squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent histopathological type of tumor&#46; The tumors were localized in paranasal sinuses in 78&#37; of the cases&#46; Bifrontal craniotomy was performed in 85&#46;4&#37; and unilateral orbitofrontal craniotomy in 14&#46;6&#37; of the cases&#46; The area of facial resection included&#58; ethmoidectomy &#40;60&#46;9&#37;&#41;&#44; ethmoido-sphenoidectomy &#40;24&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#44; maxillectomy &#40;39&#37;&#41; and orbital exenteration &#40;14&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#46; The reconstruction of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa was performed using pedicled pericranial flap &#40;100&#37;&#41;&#44; local &#40;34&#46;1&#37;&#41; or microvascular free flaps &#40;21&#46;9&#37;&#41; and split calvarian graft &#40;19&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#46; 20 patients &#40;48&#46;7&#37;&#41; developed post-operative complications&#44; CSF leaks &#40;12&#46;1&#37;&#41; and meningitis &#40;7&#46;3&#37;&#41; being the most frequent major complications&#46; The mortality rate was 7&#46;3&#37;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CFR has become the standard approach for anterior cranial base tumors&#46; Despite its widespread application&#44; the complication&#39;s rate ranges between 24&#8211;50&#37; and the procedure carries a risk of significant morbidity and even mortality&#46; Improvement of specific aspects of surgical technique and more refined reconstructive methods will decrease the number of complications&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 16. Núm. 6.
Páginas 492-498 (enero 2004)
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Vol. 16. Núm. 6.
Páginas 492-498 (enero 2004)
Complicaciones de la cirugía craneofacial en tumores de base craneal anterior
Complications of craniofacial resection in anterior skull base tumors
Visitas
1995
A. Torres
, J.J. Acebes, L. López, A. Marnov
Servicios de Neurocirugía. Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge. Barcelona
J. Viñals*, J.M. Serra*, M. Maños**, A. Monner***
* Servicios de Cirugía Plástica. Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge. Barcelona
** Servicios de ORL. Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge. Barcelona
*** Servicios de Cirugía Maxilofacial. Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge. Barcelona
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen
Introducción

Los recientes avances en radiología, técnica microquirúrgica y de reconstrucción han permitido que la cirugía craneofacial (CCF) se haya convertido en el tratamiento de elección de la patología tumoral de fosa craneal anterior. A pesar de esto, continua asociándose a una incidencia de complicaciones considerable (24–56%).

Objetivos

. Revisión, análisis y manejo de las complicaciones de la CCF en una serie de 41 pacientes.

Material y métodos

41 pacientes diagnosticados de patología tumoral infiltrativa de base craneal anterior, fueron intervenidos mediante CCF, entre 1990 y 2002. La extensión tumoral fue valorada en todos los casos con TC y RMN de la región craneo-facial. Tras determinar el volumen y extensión tumoral se diseñó un tratamiento quirúrgico radical, con el objetivo de conseguir una resección tumoral “en bloque”.

Resultados

El 63.4% de los pacientes eran varones con una mediana de edad de 57 años (18–73). La histología más frecuente de los tumores fue carcinoma escamoso y la localización habitual fue en los senos paranasales en el 78% (32 de 41 casos). En el 85.4% de los pacientes se realizó una craneotomía bifrontal basal y en el 14.6% restante craneotomía frontoorbitaria unilateral, en un sólo colgajo óseo. El área de resección facial incluía: etmoidectomía (60.9%), etmoido-esfenoidectomía (24.3%), maxilectomía unilateral (39%) y exenteración orbitaria (14.6%). Para la reconstrucción se utilizó: colgajo pediculado pericraneal (100%), colgajos locales (34.1%), colgajos libres microvascularizados (21.9%) e injerto óseo autólogo (19.5%). 20 pacientes (48.7%) presentaron complicaciones postoperatorias, entre las que destacan, como complicaciones mayores la fístula de LCR (12.1%) y la meningitis (7.3%). La mortalidad global fue del 7.3%.

Conclusiones

La CCF continua asociándose a una elevada tasa de complicaciones, en general de tipo infeccioso. El perfeccionamiento de las técnicas de reconstrucción permitirán reducir la incidencia de las complicaciones más frecuentes y peligrosas.

Palabras clave:
Cirugía craneofacial
Base de cráneo
Técnica quirúrgica
Complicaciones
Abreviaturas:
CCF
CFR
CSFc
LCR
ORL
RDT
RM
Summary
Introduction

The development of new radiographic techniques and the refinement of microsurgery and reconstructive surgery have been the responsible of the establishment of craniofacial resection (CFR) as the standard treatment of anterior skull base tumors. Overall complication rates varies from 24–56%, according to a review of recently published series.

Objectives

. To describe the complications of CFR in a series of 41 patients and to analyze the management and final outcome.

Material and methods

From 1990 to 2002, 41 patients underwent CFR for tumors involving the anterior cranial base. The extent of the tumor was always assessed with craniofacial CT-scan and MRI. The objective of the surgical treatment was to achive “on block” removal of the tumor.

Results

The average age was 57 years with a male preponderance (63.4%). Squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent histopathological type of tumor. The tumors were localized in paranasal sinuses in 78% of the cases. Bifrontal craniotomy was performed in 85.4% and unilateral orbitofrontal craniotomy in 14.6% of the cases. The area of facial resection included: ethmoidectomy (60.9%), ethmoido-sphenoidectomy (24.3%), maxillectomy (39%) and orbital exenteration (14.6%). The reconstruction of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa was performed using pedicled pericranial flap (100%), local (34.1%) or microvascular free flaps (21.9%) and split calvarian graft (19.5%). 20 patients (48.7%) developed post-operative complications, CSF leaks (12.1%) and meningitis (7.3%) being the most frequent major complications. The mortality rate was 7.3%.

Conclusions

CFR has become the standard approach for anterior cranial base tumors. Despite its widespread application, the complication's rate ranges between 24–50% and the procedure carries a risk of significant morbidity and even mortality. Improvement of specific aspects of surgical technique and more refined reconstructive methods will decrease the number of complications.

Key words:
Craniofacial resection
Skull base
Surgical technique
Complications

Artículo

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