array:23 [
  "pii" => "S1130147394711192"
  "issn" => "11301473"
  "doi" => "10.1016/S1130-1473(94)71119-2"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "1994-01-01"
  "aid" => "71119"
  "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neurocirugía"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "1994"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Neurocirugia. 1994;5:32-6"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 3005
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 16
      "HTML" => 901
      "PDF" => 2088
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S1130147394711209"
    "issn" => "11301473"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S1130-1473(94)71120-9"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "1994-01-01"
    "aid" => "71120"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neurocirugía"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Neurocirugia. 1994;5:37-43"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 5410
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 17
        "HTML" => 1277
        "PDF" => 4116
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:9 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Aneurisma gigante de arteria cerebral media derecha. Caso clínico"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "37"
          "paginaFinal" => "43"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:2 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "C. Chong, B. Oliver, P. Tresserras, J. Molet, P. Parés, F. Bartumeus"
          "autores" => array:6 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "C."
              "apellidos" => "Chong"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "B."
              "apellidos" => "Oliver"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "P."
              "apellidos" => "Tresserras"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J."
              "apellidos" => "Molet"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "P."
              "apellidos" => "Parés"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "F."
              "apellidos" => "Bartumeus"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "M. De Juan, Mª.A. Gíl"
          "autores" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M."
              "apellidos" => "De Juan"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Mª.A."
              "apellidos" => "Gíl"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130147394711209?idApp=UINPBA00004B"
    "url" => "/11301473/0000000500000001/v1_201305151432/S1130147394711209/v1_201305151432/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S1130147394711180"
    "issn" => "11301473"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S1130-1473(94)71118-0"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "1994-01-01"
    "aid" => "71118"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neurocirugía"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Neurocirugia. 1994;5:24-31"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 1560
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 20
        "HTML" => 873
        "PDF" => 667
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Epidemiología de los tumores intracraneales en pacientes de edad avanzada"
      "subtitulo" => "Estudio retrospectivo de 521 pacientes mayores de 60 años intervenidos entre 1980–1990"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "24"
          "paginaFinal" => "31"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:2 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "A. Bergua, V. Calatayud"
          "autores" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "A."
              "apellidos" => "Bergua"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "V."
              "apellidos" => "Calatayud"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "D. Rosenthal, R. Lorenz, W. Schlote"
          "autores" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "D."
              "apellidos" => "Rosenthal"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "R."
              "apellidos" => "Lorenz"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "W."
              "apellidos" => "Schlote"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130147394711180?idApp=UINPBA00004B"
    "url" => "/11301473/0000000500000001/v1_201305151432/S1130147394711180/v1_201305151432/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "es" => array:12 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "titulo" => "Ependimomas anaplásicos intraventriculares"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "32"
        "paginaFinal" => "36"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:3 [
        "autoresLista" => "G. Posadas Narro, J. Vaquero Crespo, J.M. del Pozo García, G. Bravo Zabalgoitia"
        "autores" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "G."
            "apellidos" => "Posadas Narro"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "J."
            "apellidos" => "Vaquero Crespo"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "J.M."
            "apellidos" => "del Pozo García"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "G."
            "apellidos" => "Bravo Zabalgoitia"
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Neurocirugía. Clínica Puerta de Hierro. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-España"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec162596"
          "palabras" => array:2 [
            0 => "Neoplasia intraventricular"
            1 => "Ependimoma"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Key words"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec162597"
          "palabras" => array:2 [
            0 => "Ventricular neoplasms"
            1 => "Ependymoma"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se analizaron 10 pacientes con ependimomas anapl&#225;sicos&#44; hospitalizados entre enero de 1970 y diciembre de 1992&#46;</p><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La edad oscil&#243; entre 1 y 46 a&#241;os con un promedio de 13&#44;8 a&#241;os&#46; Siete eran hombres y 3 mujeres&#46; El tiempo de duraci&#243;n de la enfermedad fue de 2 a 24 meses&#46; En el cuadro cl&#237;nico predominaron&#58; hipertensi&#243;n endocraneal&#44; d&#233;ficit de pares craneales y s&#237;ndrome cerebeloso&#46; Siete tumores se localizaron en el IV ventr&#237;culo &#40;5 en el velo inferior y 2 en el velo superior&#41;&#44; 2 en el ventr&#237;culo lateral&#44; y 1 en el III ventr&#237;culo&#46; Todos los pacientes presentaron hidrocefalia necesitando derivaci&#243;n ventricular&#44; 5 de ellos antes de realizar la craneotom&#237;a&#46; Se realiz&#243; resecci&#243;n tumoral completa en 5 casos y parcial en otros 5&#46; Cinco pacientes recibieron radioterapia tras la cirug&#237;a y 4 de ellos radioterapia m&#225;s quimioterapia&#46; En el seguimiento de 1 a 10 a&#241;os&#44; 6 de ellos presentaban secuelas y 2 fallecieron&#44; uno por bronconeumon&#237;a y el otro por el propio tumor&#46; Tres de 5 pacientes presentaron c&#233;lulas neopl&#225;sicas en L&#46;C&#46;R&#46;&#44; y uno de estos adem&#225;s met&#225;stasis en m&#233;dula cervical de la que fue operado&#46; Un caso present&#243; meningoencefalitis por c&#225;ndida albicans&#44; resuelta con antibi&#243;ticos&#46;</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se concluye que los ependimomas anapl&#225;sicos intraventriculares se presentan preferentemente en menores de 15 a&#241;os&#44; localiz&#225;ndose fundamentalmente en el IV ventr&#237;culo&#46; Estos tumores conllevan una gran morbilidad neurol&#243;gica&#44; y el tratamiento quir&#250;rgico m&#225;s radioterapia representa la mejor actitud terap&#233;utica&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Summary"
        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We have analyzed 10 patients with intraventricular anaplastic ependymomas studied between January 1970 and December 1992&#46;</p><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The age ranged from 1 to 46 years with a mean age of 13&#44;8 years&#46; Seven patients were males and 3 were females&#46; The duration of the disease ranged between 2 and 24 months&#46; Raised intracranial pressure&#44; cranial nerve deficit and cerebellar syndrome were the predominant clinical manifestations&#46; Seven of the tumors were localized in the IV ventricle &#40;5 in the inferior velum and 2 in the superior velum&#41;&#44; 2 in the lateral ventricle and 1 in the III ventricle&#46; All the patients showed hydrocephalus and it was necessary to implant a ventriculo-peritoneal CSF shunt in 5 of them before performing craneotomy&#46;</p><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Complete tumor resection was done in 5 cases and partial in another 5 cases&#46; It was followed by radiotherapy in 5 cases&#44; and by radiotherapy and chemotherapy in 4&#46; At follow-up&#44; ranging from 1 to 10 years&#44; 6 of the patients had neurological deficits and three of the 5 patients had neoplasic cells in the cerebral fluid&#44; and 1 developed spinal metastases&#46;</p><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The conclusions are that intraventricular anaplastic ependymomas predominantly occur in individuals under 15 years of age&#44; are mainly located in the IV ventricle&#44; and produce a severe neurologic morbidity&#46; Surgical treatment followed by radiotherapy improves the final prognosis of these patients&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Posadas Narro&#44; G&#46;&#59; Vaquero Crespo&#44; J&#46;&#59; Pozo Garc&#237;a&#44; J&#46;M&#46; del y Bravo Zabalgoitia&#44; G&#46;&#58; Ependimomas anapl&#225;sicos intraventriculares&#46; Neurocirug&#237;a 1994&#59; 5&#58; 32&#8211;36&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliograf&#237;a"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:41 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib1"
              "etiqueta" => "1&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Intracranial tumors&#58; response and resistance to therapeutic endeavors&#44; 1970&#8211;1980"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "H&#46;J&#46; Bloom"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"
                        "fecha" => "1982"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1083"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1113"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6288633"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib2"
              "etiqueta" => "2&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Clinicopathologic correlations in the oligodendroglioma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "P&#46;C&#46; Burger"
                            1 => "C&#46;E&#46; Rawlings"
                            2 => "E&#46;B&#46; Cox"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "1987"
                        "volumen" => "59"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1345"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1352"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3545437"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib3"
              "etiqueta" => "3&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Glioblastoma multiforme and anaplastic astrocytoma&#46; Pathologic criteria and prognostic implications"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "P&#46;C&#46; Burger"
                            1 => "F&#46;S&#46; Vogel"
                            2 => "S&#46;B&#46; Green"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "1985"
                        "volumen" => "56"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1106"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1111"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2990664"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib4"
              "etiqueta" => "4&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Intracranial ependymoma&#44; Results of radiotherapy at the University of Kentucky"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "H&#46;W&#46; Chin"
                            1 => "Y&#46; Maruyama"
                            2 => "W&#46; Markesbery"
                            3 => "A&#46;B&#46; Young"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "1982"
                        "volumen" => "49"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2276"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2280"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7074543"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib5"
              "etiqueta" => "5&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Postoperative irradiation of brain ependymomas&#58; analysis of 33 cases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Di Marco"
                            1 => "F&#46; Campostrini"
                            2 => "R&#46; Pradella"
                            3 => "M&#46; Reggio"
                            4 => "M&#46; Palazzi"
                            5 => "A&#46; Grandinetii"
                            6 => "G&#46;F&#46; Garusi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Acta Oncol"
                        "fecha" => "1988"
                        "volumen" => "27"
                        "paginaInicial" => "261"
                        "paginaFinal" => "267"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3415856"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib6"
              "etiqueta" => "6&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Ependymomas and ependymoblastomas in children"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "G&#46;J&#46; Dohrmann"
                            1 => "J&#46;R&#46; Farwell"
                            2 => "J&#46;T&#46; Flannery"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3171/jns.1976.45.3.0273"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurosurg"
                        "fecha" => "1976"
                        "volumen" => "45"
                        "paginaInicial" => "273"
                        "paginaFinal" => "283"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/948014"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib7"
              "etiqueta" => "7&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Supratentorial ependymomas in childhood&#58; clinicopathological findings and prognosis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "R&#46;I&#46; Ernestus"
                            1 => "O&#46; Wilcke"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Acta Neurochir &#40;Wien&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "volumen" => "111"
                        "paginaInicial" => "96"
                        "paginaFinal" => "102"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib8"
              "etiqueta" => "8&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Spinal metastases of intracranial ependymomas&#58; four case reports and review of the literature"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "R&#46;I&#46; Ernestus"
                            1 => "O&#46; Wilcke"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neurosurg Rev"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "147"
                        "paginaFinal" => "154"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2187161"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib9"
              "etiqueta" => "9&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Intracranial ependymomas&#58; prognostic aspects"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "R&#46;I&#46; Ernestus"
                            1 => "O&#46; Wilcke"
                            2 => "R&#46; Schoder"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neurosurg Rev"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "paginaInicial" => "157"
                        "paginaFinal" => "163"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2779795"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib10"
              "etiqueta" => "10&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Infrantentorial ependymomas of childhood&#46; Correlation between histological features&#44; immunohistological phenotype&#44; silver nucleolar organizer region steining values and post-operative survival in 16 cases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "B&#46;D&#46; Figarella"
                            1 => "D&#46; Gambarelli"
                            2 => "C&#46; Dollo"
                            3 => "B&#46; Devictor"
                            4 => "L&#46; Genitori"
                            5 => "M&#46; Choux"
                            6 => "J&#46;F&#46; Pellissier"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Acta Neuropathol &#40;Berl&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "volumen" => "82"
                        "paginaInicial" => "208"
                        "paginaFinal" => "216"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib11"
              "etiqueta" => "11&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Anaplastic astrocytoma of the adult cerebrum&#46; Prognostic value of histologic features"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "K&#46;H&#46; Fulling"
                            1 => "D&#46;M&#46; Garcia"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "1985"
                        "volumen" => "55"
                        "paginaInicial" => "928"
                        "paginaFinal" => "931"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3967200"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib12"
              "etiqueta" => "12&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Ependymomas&#58; results of radiation treatment"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "P&#46;G&#46; Garrett"
                            1 => "W&#46;J&#46; Simpson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"
                        "fecha" => "1983"
                        "volumen" => "9"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1121"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1124"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6874447"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib13"
              "etiqueta" => "13&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Childhood brain tumor update"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "F&#46;H&#46; Gilles"
                            1 => "A&#46; Leviton"
                            2 => "E&#46;T&#46; Hedley-white"
                            3 => "M&#46; Jasnow"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Human Pathol"
                        "fecha" => "1983"
                        "volumen" => "14"
                        "paginaInicial" => "834"
                        "paginaFinal" => "848"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib14"
              "etiqueta" => "14&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Recurrent intracranial ependymomas in children&#46; Survival patterns of failure and pronostic factors"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:8 [
                            0 => "J&#46;W&#46; Goldwein"
                            1 => "T&#46;A&#46; Glauser"
                            2 => "R&#46;J&#46; Packer"
                            3 => "J&#46;L&#46; Finlay"
                            4 => "L&#46;N&#46; Sutten"
                            5 => "L&#46;B&#46; Rorke"
                            6 => "L&#46; Schutt"
                            7 => "G&#46;J&#46; D&#39;Anglo"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "66"
                        "paginaInicial" => "557"
                        "paginaFinal" => "563"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2364367"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib15"
              "etiqueta" => "15&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Ependymomas&#58; a clinical and pathologic study&#46; II&#46; Survival features"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "E&#46;B&#46; Ilgren"
                            1 => "C&#46;A&#46; Stiller"
                            2 => "J&#46;T&#46; Hughues"
                            3 => "D&#46; Silberman"
                            4 => "N&#46; Steckel"
                            5 => "A&#46; Kaye"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cl&#237;n Neuropathol"
                        "fecha" => "1984"
                        "volumen" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "122"
                        "paginaFinal" => "127"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6565537"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib16"
              "etiqueta" => "16&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Intracranial ependymomas"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "Y&#46;H&#46; Kim"
                            1 => "J&#46;V&#46; Fayos"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1148/124.3.805"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Radiology"
                        "fecha" => "1977"
                        "volumen" => "124"
                        "paginaInicial" => "805"
                        "paginaFinal" => "808"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/887779"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib17"
              "etiqueta" => "17&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Intracranial ependymomas&#58; factors influencing prognosis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "I&#46;I&#46; Kricheff"
                            1 => "M&#46; Becker"
                            2 => "S&#46;A&#46; Schneck"
                            3 => "J&#46;M&#46; Taveras"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3171/jns.1964.21.1.0007"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurosurg"
                        "fecha" => "1964"
                        "volumen" => "21"
                        "paginaInicial" => "7"
                        "paginaFinal" => "14"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14110365"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib18"
              "etiqueta" => "18&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Les ependymomes intracraniens&#46; Experience de 86 cas"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "J&#46;P&#46; Lejeune"
                            1 => "P&#46; Dhellemmes"
                            2 => "T&#46; Dupard"
                            3 => "G&#46; Gambelles"
                            4 => "J&#46;M&#46; Delansheer"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neurochirurgie"
                        "fecha" => "1987"
                        "volumen" => "33"
                        "paginaInicial" => "118"
                        "paginaFinal" => "123"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3600940"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib19"
              "etiqueta" => "19&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Ependymomas of childhood&#46; I&#46; Histological survey and clinicolpathological correlation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "H&#46;M&#46; Liu"
                            1 => "J&#46; Boogs"
                            2 => "J&#46; Kidd"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Childs Brain"
                        "fecha" => "1976"
                        "volumen" => "2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "92"
                        "paginaFinal" => "110"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/971635"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib20"
              "etiqueta" => "20&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Ependymomas"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "R&#46;F&#46; Mabon"
                            1 => "H&#46;J&#46; Svien"
                            2 => "J&#46;W&#46; Kernohan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin"
                        "fecha" => "1949"
                        "volumen" => "24"
                        "paginaInicial" => "65"
                        "paginaFinal" => "71"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18111062"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib21"
              "etiqueta" => "21&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Intracranial ependymomas"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "W&#46;R&#46; Marsh"
                            1 => "E&#46;R&#46; Laws Jr&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Prog Exp Tumor Res"
                        "fecha" => "1987"
                        "volumen" => "30"
                        "paginaInicial" => "175"
                        "paginaFinal" => "180"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3628804"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib22"
              "etiqueta" => "22&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Oligodendroglioma&#46; Histologic evaluation and prognosis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46;J&#46; Mork"
                            1 => "T&#46;B&#46; Halvorsen"
                            2 => "K&#46;F&#46; Lindegaard"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"
                        "fecha" => "1986"
                        "volumen" => "45"
                        "paginaInicial" => "65"
                        "paginaFinal" => "78"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3941327"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib23"
              "etiqueta" => "23&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Ependymoma&#46; A follow-up study of 101 cases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "S&#46;J&#46; Mork"
                            1 => "A&#46;C&#46; Loken"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "1977"
                        "volumen" => "40"
                        "paginaInicial" => "907"
                        "paginaFinal" => "915"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/890671"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib24"
              "etiqueta" => "24&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Ependymoblastoma&#46; A reapraisal of a rare embryonal tumor"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "S&#46;J&#46; Mork"
                            1 => "L&#46;J&#46; Rubinstein"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "1985"
                        "volumen" => "55"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1536"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1542"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3978547"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib25"
              "etiqueta" => "25&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Les &#233;pendymomes intracranniens&#58; etude de 81 cas et comparison avec la l&#237;t&#233;rature"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "I&#46;J&#46; Namer"
                            1 => "M&#46;N&#46; Pamir"
                            2 => "K&#46; Benli"
                            3 => "A&#46; Erbengi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neurochirurgie"
                        "fecha" => "1984"
                        "volumen" => "30"
                        "paginaInicial" => "153"
                        "paginaFinal" => "158"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6462320"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib26"
              "etiqueta" => "26&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Infratentorial ependymomas in childhood&#58; prognostic factors and treatment"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "G&#46;B&#46; Nazar"
                            1 => "H&#46;J&#46; Hoffman"
                            2 => "L&#46;E&#46; Becker"
                            3 => "D&#46; Jenkin"
                            4 => "A&#46;P&#46; Humphreys"
                            5 => "E&#46;B&#46; Hendrick"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3171/jns.1990.72.3.0408"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurosurg"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "72"
                        "paginaInicial" => "408"
                        "paginaFinal" => "417"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2303876"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib27"
              "etiqueta" => "27&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Survival and prognosis of patients with astrocytoma with atypical or anaplastic features"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "D&#46;F&#46; Nelson"
                            1 => "J&#46;S&#46; Nelson"
                            2 => "D&#46;R&#46; Davis"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurooncol"
                        "fecha" => "1985"
                        "volumen" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "99"
                        "paginaFinal" => "103"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4031977"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib28"
              "etiqueta" => "28&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Intracranial ependymomas in childhood&#46; Survival and functional results of 47 cases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Pierre-kahn"
                            1 => "J&#46;F&#46; Hirsch"
                            2 => "F&#46;X&#46; Roux"
                            3 => "D&#46; Renier"
                            4 => "C&#46; Sainte-rose"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Childs Brain"
                        "fecha" => "1983"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "145"
                        "paginaFinal" => "156"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6872622"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib29"
              "etiqueta" => "29&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Ependymomas&#58; A Clinicopathologic study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "Ch&#46;E&#46; Rawlings"
                            1 => "F&#46; Gianspero"
                            2 => "P&#46;C&#46; Burger"
                            3 => "D&#46; Bullard"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Surg Neurol"
                        "fecha" => "1988"
                        "volumen" => "29"
                        "paginaInicial" => "271"
                        "paginaFinal" => "281"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3353839"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib30"
              "etiqueta" => "30&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A long term study of patients with oligodendrogliomas&#46; Follow-up of 50 cases&#44; including Dr&#46; Harvey Cushing&#39;s series"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Robert"
                            1 => "W&#46;J&#46; German"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3171/jns.1966.24.4.0697"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurosurg"
                        "fecha" => "1966"
                        "volumen" => "24"
                        "paginaInicial" => "697"
                        "paginaFinal" => "700"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5934124"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib31"
              "etiqueta" => "31&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Relationship of morphology of ependymoma in children to prognosis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "L&#46;B&#46; Rorke"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Prog Exp Tumor Res"
                        "fecha" => "1978"
                        "volumen" => "30"
                        "paginaInicial" => "170"
                        "paginaFinal" => "174"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3628803"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            31 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib32"
              "etiqueta" => "32&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Lack of histopathological correlation of malignant ependymomas with postoperative survival"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "G&#46;W&#46; Ross"
                            1 => "L&#46;J&#46; Rubinstein"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3171/jns.1989.70.1.0031"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurosurg"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "70"
                        "paginaInicial" => "31"
                        "paginaFinal" => "36"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2909684"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            32 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib33"
              "etiqueta" => "33&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The definition of the ependymoblastoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "L&#46;J&#46; Rubinstein"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Pathol"
                        "fecha" => "1970"
                        "volumen" => "90"
                        "paginaInicial" => "35"
                        "paginaFinal" => "45"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5426275"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            33 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib34"
              "etiqueta" => "34&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Improved survival in cases of intracranial ependymoma after radiation therapy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "O&#46;M&#46; Salazar"
                            1 => "H&#46; Castro-Vita"
                            2 => "P&#46; Vanhoute"
                            3 => "P&#46; Rubin"
                            4 => "C&#46; Aygun"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3171/jns.1983.59.4.0652"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurosurg"
                        "fecha" => "1983"
                        "volumen" => "59"
                        "paginaInicial" => "652"
                        "paginaFinal" => "659"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6886786"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            34 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib35"
              "etiqueta" => "35&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Histologic prognostic factors in ependymoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:8 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Schiffer"
                            1 => "A&#46; Chio"
                            2 => "M&#46;T&#46; Giordano"
                            3 => "A&#46; Migheli"
                            4 => "L&#46; Palma"
                            5 => "B&#46; Pollo"
                            6 => "R&#46; Soffietti"
                            7 => "A&#46; Tribolo"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Childs Nerv Syst"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "volumen" => "7"
                        "paginaInicial" => "177"
                        "paginaFinal" => "182"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1933913"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            35 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib36"
              "etiqueta" => "36&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Postoperative radiotherapy of intracranial ependymoma in pediatric and adult patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "E&#46;G&#46; Shaw"
                            1 => "R&#46;G&#46; Evans"
                            2 => "B&#46;W&#46; Scheithauer"
                            3 => "D&#46;M&#46; Ilstrup"
                            4 => "J&#46;D&#46; Earle"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"
                        "fecha" => "1987"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1457"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1462"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3624024"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            36 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib37"
              "etiqueta" => "37&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Radiation therapy of tumors of the central nervous system in childhood"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "G&#46;E&#46; Sheline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "1975"
                        "volumen" => "35"
                        "paginaInicial" => "957"
                        "paginaFinal" => "964"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/163143"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            37 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib38"
              "etiqueta" => "38&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Ependymoma of the brain&#58; pathologic aspects"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "H&#46;J&#46; Svien"
                            1 => "R&#46;F&#46; Mabon"
                            2 => "J&#46;W&#46; Kernohan"
                            3 => "W&#46;M&#46; Craig"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/ncpneuro0343"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neurology"
                        "fecha" => "1953"
                        "volumen" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "15"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17205063"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            38 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib39"
              "etiqueta" => "39&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Intracranial ependymomas in children"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Undjian"
                            1 => "M&#46; Marinov"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Childs Nerv Syst"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "131"
                        "paginaFinal" => "134"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2357709"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            39 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib40"
              "etiqueta" => "40&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Primary leptomeningeal ependymoblastoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Wada"
                            1 => "A&#46; Kurata"
                            2 => "R&#46; Hirose"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3171/jns.1986.64.6.0968"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurosurg"
                        "fecha" => "1986"
                        "volumen" => "64"
                        "paginaInicial" => "968"
                        "paginaFinal" => "973"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3701447"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            40 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib41"
              "etiqueta" => "41&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Oligodendrogliomas&#46; An analysis of 63 cases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "B&#46; Weir"
                            1 => "A&#46;R&#46; Elvidge"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurosurg"
                        "fecha" => "1968"
                        "volumen" => "29"
                        "paginaInicial" => "500"
                        "paginaFinal" => "505"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  "url" => "/11301473/0000000500000001/v1_201305151432/S1130147394711192/v1_201305151432/es/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => null
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/11301473/0000000500000001/v1_201305151432/S1130147394711192/v1_201305151432/es/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004B&text.app=https://revistaneurocirugia.com/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130147394711192?idApp=UINPBA00004B"
]
Compartir
Información de la revista
Vol. 5. Núm. 1.
Páginas 32-36 (enero 1993)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 5. Núm. 1.
Páginas 32-36 (enero 1993)
Ependimomas anaplásicos intraventriculares
Visitas
2993
G. Posadas Narro, J. Vaquero Crespo, J.M. del Pozo García, G. Bravo Zabalgoitia
Servicio de Neurocirugía. Clínica Puerta de Hierro. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-España
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen

Se analizaron 10 pacientes con ependimomas anaplásicos, hospitalizados entre enero de 1970 y diciembre de 1992.

La edad osciló entre 1 y 46 años con un promedio de 13,8 años. Siete eran hombres y 3 mujeres. El tiempo de duración de la enfermedad fue de 2 a 24 meses. En el cuadro clínico predominaron: hipertensión endocraneal, déficit de pares craneales y síndrome cerebeloso. Siete tumores se localizaron en el IV ventrículo (5 en el velo inferior y 2 en el velo superior), 2 en el ventrículo lateral, y 1 en el III ventrículo. Todos los pacientes presentaron hidrocefalia necesitando derivación ventricular, 5 de ellos antes de realizar la craneotomía. Se realizó resección tumoral completa en 5 casos y parcial en otros 5. Cinco pacientes recibieron radioterapia tras la cirugía y 4 de ellos radioterapia más quimioterapia. En el seguimiento de 1 a 10 años, 6 de ellos presentaban secuelas y 2 fallecieron, uno por bronconeumonía y el otro por el propio tumor. Tres de 5 pacientes presentaron células neoplásicas en L.C.R., y uno de estos además metástasis en médula cervical de la que fue operado. Un caso presentó meningoencefalitis por cándida albicans, resuelta con antibióticos.

Se concluye que los ependimomas anaplásicos intraventriculares se presentan preferentemente en menores de 15 años, localizándose fundamentalmente en el IV ventrículo. Estos tumores conllevan una gran morbilidad neurológica, y el tratamiento quirúrgico más radioterapia representa la mejor actitud terapéutica.

Palabras clave:
Neoplasia intraventricular
Ependimoma
Summary

We have analyzed 10 patients with intraventricular anaplastic ependymomas studied between January 1970 and December 1992.

The age ranged from 1 to 46 years with a mean age of 13,8 years. Seven patients were males and 3 were females. The duration of the disease ranged between 2 and 24 months. Raised intracranial pressure, cranial nerve deficit and cerebellar syndrome were the predominant clinical manifestations. Seven of the tumors were localized in the IV ventricle (5 in the inferior velum and 2 in the superior velum), 2 in the lateral ventricle and 1 in the III ventricle. All the patients showed hydrocephalus and it was necessary to implant a ventriculo-peritoneal CSF shunt in 5 of them before performing craneotomy.

Complete tumor resection was done in 5 cases and partial in another 5 cases. It was followed by radiotherapy in 5 cases, and by radiotherapy and chemotherapy in 4. At follow-up, ranging from 1 to 10 years, 6 of the patients had neurological deficits and three of the 5 patients had neoplasic cells in the cerebral fluid, and 1 developed spinal metastases.

The conclusions are that intraventricular anaplastic ependymomas predominantly occur in individuals under 15 years of age, are mainly located in the IV ventricle, and produce a severe neurologic morbidity. Surgical treatment followed by radiotherapy improves the final prognosis of these patients.

Key words:
Ventricular neoplasms
Ependymoma

Artículo

Opciones para acceder a los textos completos de la publicación Neurocirugía
Socio
Socio de la Sociedad Española de Neurocirugía

Si es la primera vez que accede a la web puede obtener sus claves de acceso poniéndose en contacto con Elsevier España en suscripciones@elsevier.com o a través de su teléfono de Atención al Cliente 902 88 87 40 si llama desde territorio español o del +34 932 418 800 (de 9 a 18h., GMT + 1) si lo hace desde el extranjero.

Si ya tiene sus datos de acceso, clique aquí.

Si olvidó su clave de acceso puede recuperarla clicando aquí y seleccionando la opción "He olvidado mi contraseña".

Suscriptor
Suscriptor de la revista

Si ya tiene sus datos de acceso, clique aquí.

Si olvidó su clave de acceso puede recuperarla clicando aquí y seleccionando la opción "He olvidado mi contraseña".
Suscribirse
Suscribirse a:

Neurocirugía

Comprar
Comprar acceso al artículo

Comprando el artículo el PDF del mismo podrá ser descargado

Precio 19,34 €

Comprar ahora
Contactar
Teléfono para suscripciones e incidencias
De lunes a viernes de 9h a 18h (GMT+1) excepto los meses de julio y agosto que será de 9 a 15h
Llamadas desde España
932 415 960
Llamadas desde fuera de España
+34 932 415 960
Email
Idiomas
Neurocirugía
Opciones de artículo
Herramientas
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?