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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Temporal muscle asymmetry following a pterional craniotomy can be a bothersome cosmetic and functional problem&#46; A number of incisions in the temporalis muscle have been proposed for optimal exposure in intracranial procedures&#44; preservation of the temporal muscle anatomy and protection of the frontal branch of the facial nerve&#46; The interfascial temporal flap technique described by Yasargil and colleagues provides excellent exposure along the sphenoid ridge&#46; On closing the temporalis muscle is sutured posteriorly but not superiorly to the superior temporal line&#46; This commonly results in an inferior retraction of the muscle&#44; creating a mass along the zygoma and an unsightly depression where the muscle was separated from the skull&#46; Several techniques have been described to reattach the temporalis muscle at the end of the procedure&#46; We describe a method that provides the advantage of a free bone flap&#44; yet allowing an anatomical re-approximation of the temporalis muscle to its bone attachment&#46; That is achieved by means of several &#171;V&#187; holes performed at 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm above the superior temporal lineo This technique provides a reliable preservation of temporal muscle bulk and function with little additional operating time and no compromise in the operative exposure&#46; No foreign materials are used so that no increased costs are entailed&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La asimetr&#237;a del m&#250;sculo temporal tras craniotom&#237;as pterionales puede llegar a constituir un problema est&#233;tico y funcional&#46; Se han propuesto un buen n&#250;mero de incisiones del m&#250;sculo temporal con los objetivos de obtener un abordaje &#243;ptimo a la patolog&#237;a intracraneal&#44; preservaci&#243;n de la anatom&#237;a del m&#250;sculo temporal y la protecci&#243;n de las ramas temporo-faciales del nervio facial&#46; El abordaje interfascial descrito por Yasargil y colaboradores proporciona una exposici&#243;n excelente a lo largo del borde esfenoidal&#46; Al cerrar el m&#250;sculo temporal se sutura posteriormente pero no superiormente a nivel de la l&#237;nea temporal superior&#46; Esto con frecuencia induce la retracci&#243;n de este m&#250;sculo inferiormente&#44; creando con ello una masa a lo largo dele arco zigom&#225;tico y una depresi&#243;n antiest&#233;tica inmediatamente por encima&#46; Se han descrito varias t&#233;cnicas para re-insertar el m&#250;sculo temporal al final del procedimiento quir&#250;rgico&#46; En el presente art&#237;culo se describe un m&#233;todo que proporciona las ventajas del colgajo &#243;seo libre&#44; mientras que permite la reaproximaci&#243;n del m&#250;sculo temporal a su lugar de inserci&#243;n &#243;sea previa&#46; Esto se consigue por medio de varios agujeros en &#171;V&#187; practicados a 5 mm por encima de la l&#237;nea temporal superior&#46; Esta t&#233;cnica permite la conservaci&#243;n del volumen y funci&#243;n del m&#250;sculo temporal&#44; requiriendo poco tiempo y no comprometiendo el abordaje quir&#250;rgico&#46; No se han empleado cuerpos extra&#241;os&#44; por lo que no hay incremento de los costos&#46;</p>"
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Temporalis muscle fixation in pterional craniotomy. Technical note
Fijación del músculo temporal en la craniectomía pterional
V. Vanaclocha
Servicio de Neurocirugía. Clínica Universitaria, Universidad de Navarra. Pamplona, Navarra (España)
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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Temporal muscle asymmetry following a pterional craniotomy can be a bothersome cosmetic and functional problem&#46; A number of incisions in the temporalis muscle have been proposed for optimal exposure in intracranial procedures&#44; preservation of the temporal muscle anatomy and protection of the frontal branch of the facial nerve&#46; The interfascial temporal flap technique described by Yasargil and colleagues provides excellent exposure along the sphenoid ridge&#46; On closing the temporalis muscle is sutured posteriorly but not superiorly to the superior temporal line&#46; This commonly results in an inferior retraction of the muscle&#44; creating a mass along the zygoma and an unsightly depression where the muscle was separated from the skull&#46; Several techniques have been described to reattach the temporalis muscle at the end of the procedure&#46; We describe a method that provides the advantage of a free bone flap&#44; yet allowing an anatomical re-approximation of the temporalis muscle to its bone attachment&#46; That is achieved by means of several &#171;V&#187; holes performed at 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm above the superior temporal lineo This technique provides a reliable preservation of temporal muscle bulk and function with little additional operating time and no compromise in the operative exposure&#46; No foreign materials are used so that no increased costs are entailed&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La asimetr&#237;a del m&#250;sculo temporal tras craniotom&#237;as pterionales puede llegar a constituir un problema est&#233;tico y funcional&#46; Se han propuesto un buen n&#250;mero de incisiones del m&#250;sculo temporal con los objetivos de obtener un abordaje &#243;ptimo a la patolog&#237;a intracraneal&#44; preservaci&#243;n de la anatom&#237;a del m&#250;sculo temporal y la protecci&#243;n de las ramas temporo-faciales del nervio facial&#46; El abordaje interfascial descrito por Yasargil y colaboradores proporciona una exposici&#243;n excelente a lo largo del borde esfenoidal&#46; Al cerrar el m&#250;sculo temporal se sutura posteriormente pero no superiormente a nivel de la l&#237;nea temporal superior&#46; Esto con frecuencia induce la retracci&#243;n de este m&#250;sculo inferiormente&#44; creando con ello una masa a lo largo dele arco zigom&#225;tico y una depresi&#243;n antiest&#233;tica inmediatamente por encima&#46; Se han descrito varias t&#233;cnicas para re-insertar el m&#250;sculo temporal al final del procedimiento quir&#250;rgico&#46; En el presente art&#237;culo se describe un m&#233;todo que proporciona las ventajas del colgajo &#243;seo libre&#44; mientras que permite la reaproximaci&#243;n del m&#250;sculo temporal a su lugar de inserci&#243;n &#243;sea previa&#46; Esto se consigue por medio de varios agujeros en &#171;V&#187; practicados a 5 mm por encima de la l&#237;nea temporal superior&#46; Esta t&#233;cnica permite la conservaci&#243;n del volumen y funci&#243;n del m&#250;sculo temporal&#44; requiriendo poco tiempo y no comprometiendo el abordaje quir&#250;rgico&#46; No se han empleado cuerpos extra&#241;os&#44; por lo que no hay incremento de los costos&#46;</p>"
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