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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Todas las modalidades terap&#233;uticas de que disponemos en la actualidad sobre los astrocitomas anapl&#225;sicos y glioblastoma multiforme son paliativas&#46; La finalidad de dichos tratamientos es la de conseguir los m&#225;s largos per&#237;odos de supervivencia con buena calidad de vida&#44; pero incluso la combinaci&#243;n de los distintos tratamientos consigue resultados de supervivencia desalentadores&#46;</p><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En la actualidad&#44; gracias al auge de los estudios citogen&#233;ticos y de biolog&#237;a molecular&#44; nuevas perspectivas en la actividad investigadora nos abren futuras estrategias de tratamiento&#46; Estas t&#233;cnicas nos muestran c&#243;mo la iniciaci&#243;n y progresi&#243;n de un tumor neuroepitelial es el resultado de la expresi&#243;n inadecuada y exagerada de proto-oncogenes&#44; a partir de los cuales se ponen en marcha sistemas con actividad biol&#243;gica que conducen a la desdiferenciaci&#243;n y proliferaci&#243;n celular&#46;</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Por otro lado&#44; las t&#233;cnicas inmunohistol&#243;gicas empleando anticuerpos monoclonales de alta especificidad&#44; que nos valoran la cin&#233;tica tumoral&#44; nos permiten evaluar el pron&#243;stico de los pacientes y la eficacia de las diversas opciones terap&#233;uticas&#46;</p><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La presentaci&#243;n de los mecanismos implicados en la fisiopatolog&#237;a&#44; diagn&#243;stico y t&#233;cnicas de estudio histol&#243;gicas de los tumores anapl&#225;sicos neuroepiteliales del adulto y c&#243;mo dichos mecanismos convergen a nivel molecular repercutiendo en el conocimiento de la biolog&#237;a del ciclo celular&#44; son el objetivo del presente art&#237;culo&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">All currently available therapies on anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastoma multiforme are palliative&#46; The goal of treatment is to provide the longest period of good quality life but the setup treatment achieve discouraging results&#46;</p><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Now&#44; by the neurogenetics and the molecular biology of human brain tumors studies new approaches of research activity shows future treatment strategies&#46; So&#44; the initiation and progression of a neuroepithelial tumor is the result of inappropiate expresion of protooncogen&#44; which encoding systems with biological activities that influence cell differentiation and proliferation&#46;</p><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">With the production of monoclonal antibodies with high specific binding characteristics&#44; inmunohistology&#44; tumoral cytocinetics studies became the preferable method by which to evaluate the prognosis and treatment options&#46; In this article&#44; the pathogenesis and diagnosis technics are reviewed and we can appreciate Iike in cell cycle&#44; all oncogenic influences must converge&#46;</p>"
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Consideraciones sobre la citogenética y los factores de proliferación celular en la oncogénesis de los astrocitomas anaplásicos y glioblastoma multiforme
Oncogenesis of anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma. Citogenetics and proliferating cell factors
J.L. Gil-Salú, J.M. González-Darder
Sección de Neurocirugía. Hospital General de Castellón
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    "titulo" => "Consideraciones sobre la citogen&#233;tica y los factores de proliferaci&#243;n celular en la oncog&#233;nesis de los astrocitomas anapl&#225;sicos y glioblastoma multiforme"
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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Todas las modalidades terap&#233;uticas de que disponemos en la actualidad sobre los astrocitomas anapl&#225;sicos y glioblastoma multiforme son paliativas&#46; La finalidad de dichos tratamientos es la de conseguir los m&#225;s largos per&#237;odos de supervivencia con buena calidad de vida&#44; pero incluso la combinaci&#243;n de los distintos tratamientos consigue resultados de supervivencia desalentadores&#46;</p><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En la actualidad&#44; gracias al auge de los estudios citogen&#233;ticos y de biolog&#237;a molecular&#44; nuevas perspectivas en la actividad investigadora nos abren futuras estrategias de tratamiento&#46; Estas t&#233;cnicas nos muestran c&#243;mo la iniciaci&#243;n y progresi&#243;n de un tumor neuroepitelial es el resultado de la expresi&#243;n inadecuada y exagerada de proto-oncogenes&#44; a partir de los cuales se ponen en marcha sistemas con actividad biol&#243;gica que conducen a la desdiferenciaci&#243;n y proliferaci&#243;n celular&#46;</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Por otro lado&#44; las t&#233;cnicas inmunohistol&#243;gicas empleando anticuerpos monoclonales de alta especificidad&#44; que nos valoran la cin&#233;tica tumoral&#44; nos permiten evaluar el pron&#243;stico de los pacientes y la eficacia de las diversas opciones terap&#233;uticas&#46;</p><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La presentaci&#243;n de los mecanismos implicados en la fisiopatolog&#237;a&#44; diagn&#243;stico y t&#233;cnicas de estudio histol&#243;gicas de los tumores anapl&#225;sicos neuroepiteliales del adulto y c&#243;mo dichos mecanismos convergen a nivel molecular repercutiendo en el conocimiento de la biolog&#237;a del ciclo celular&#44; son el objetivo del presente art&#237;culo&#46;</p>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">All currently available therapies on anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastoma multiforme are palliative&#46; The goal of treatment is to provide the longest period of good quality life but the setup treatment achieve discouraging results&#46;</p><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Now&#44; by the neurogenetics and the molecular biology of human brain tumors studies new approaches of research activity shows future treatment strategies&#46; So&#44; the initiation and progression of a neuroepithelial tumor is the result of inappropiate expresion of protooncogen&#44; which encoding systems with biological activities that influence cell differentiation and proliferation&#46;</p><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">With the production of monoclonal antibodies with high specific binding characteristics&#44; inmunohistology&#44; tumoral cytocinetics studies became the preferable method by which to evaluate the prognosis and treatment options&#46; In this article&#44; the pathogenesis and diagnosis technics are reviewed and we can appreciate Iike in cell cycle&#44; all oncogenic influences must converge&#46;</p>"
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