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array:22 [ "pii" => "S1130147306703426" "issn" => "11301473" "doi" => "10.1016/S1130-1473(06)70342-6" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2006-01-01" "aid" => "70342" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neurocirugía" "copyrightAnyo" => "2006" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Neurocirugia. 2006;17:215-25" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1573 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 16 "HTML" => 977 "PDF" => 580 ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1130147306703438" "issn" => "11301473" "doi" => "10.1016/S1130-1473(06)70343-8" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2006-01-01" "aid" => "70343" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neurocirugía" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Neurocirugia. 2006;17:226-31" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1873 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 13 "HTML" => 1123 "PDF" => 737 ] ] "es" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Cirugia transeptoesfenoidal en adenomas hipofisarios productores de prolactina" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "226" "paginaFinal" => "231" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Transsphenoidal approach to prolactinomas" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "O. López-Arbolay, O. Morales-Sabina, J.L. González-González, N. Valdés-Lorenzo" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "O." "apellidos" => "López-Arbolay" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "O." "apellidos" => "Morales-Sabina" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.L." "apellidos" => "González-González" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "N." "apellidos" => "Valdés-Lorenzo" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130147306703438?idApp=UINPBA00004B" "url" => "/11301473/0000001700000003/v1_201305151254/S1130147306703438/v1_201305151254/es/main.assets" ] "es" => array:15 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Modelos pronósticos en el traumatismo craneoencefálico grave" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "215" "paginaFinal" => "225" ] ] "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "G.R. Boto, P.A. Gómez, R.D. 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"apellidos" => "De la Cruz" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Epidemiología Clínica. Hospital 12 de Octubre. Madrid" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Prognostic models in severe head injury" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2004-04-10" "fechaAceptado" => "2004-04-22" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec159269" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Modelos pronósticos" 1 => "Métodos de predicción" 2 => "Pronóstico" 3 => "Traumatismo craneoencefálico grave" ] ] ] "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec159270" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Prognostic models" 1 => "Prediction methods" 2 => "Outcome" 3 => "Severe head injury" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El traumatismo craneoencefálico grave (TCEG) es uno de los problemas sanitarios, sociales y económicos más importantes de los países industrializados. Muchos estudios recientes sobre esta entidad arrojan aún resultados pesimistas, presentando cifras de mortalidad y de pronósticos desfavorables muy similares a las publicadas en el último cuarto de siglo.</p><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A la hora de predecir el pronóstico de los pacientes con TCEG, se han diseñado diferentes “fórmulas o modelos pronósticos” que nosotros revisamos en este trabajo y cuyo objetivo primordial consiste en realizar predicciones fiables en futuros pacientes que sufran un TCEG. Estos modelos están formados de un lado, por un conjunto de “indicadores o factores pronósticos” y del otro, por unas “escalas pronósticas” que sirven para medir el pronóstico final de estos pacientes. Para la creación de estos modelos se utilizan diversas “técnicas o métodos estadísticos” que también serán analizadas en este artículo.</p>" ] "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Summary" "resumen" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Severe head injury (SHI) is one of the most important health, social, and economic problems in industrialized countries. Most of the recent studies related to this entity still show pessimistic results, with percentages of mortality and unfavourable outcomes very similar than those reported in the last quarter of century.</p><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In order to make predictions for patients with SHI, different “prognostic formulas or models” reviewed in this manuscript, have been developed with the main objective of performing reliable predictions for patients with this pathology. These models are constructed by using a group of “prognostic indicators or factors” and different “prognostic scales” useful for measuring the final outcome.</p><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The different “statistical techniques or methods” necessary to develop these prognostic models are also analyzed in this paper.</p>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Boto, G.R.; Gómez, P.A.; De la Cruz, J.; Lobato, R.D.: Modelos pronósticos en el traumatismo craneoencefálico grave. Neurocirugía 2006; 17: 215–225.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bibliografía" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:91 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1." 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