Journal Information
Vol. 29. Issue 4.
Pages 161-169 (July - August 2018)
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Vol. 29. Issue 4.
Pages 161-169 (July - August 2018)
Clinical Research
Endonasal endoscopic surgery in pituitary adenomas: Surgical results in a series of 86 consecutive patients
Cirugía endoscópica endonasal en adenomas hipofisarios: resultados quirúrgicos en una serie de 86 pacientes consecutivos
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Raquel López-Garcíaa,
Corresponding author
Raquelncgalicante@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Javier Abarca-Olivasa, Irene Monjas-Cánovasb, Antonio M. Picó Alfonsoc, Pedro Moreno-Lópeza, Juan Ramón Gras-Albertb
a Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
b Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
c Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Tables (5)
Table 1. Factors contraindicating the transsphenoidal approach.
Table 2. Complications of the transsphenoidal approach.
Table 3. Advantages and disadvantages of the microscopic approach.
Table 4. Advantages and disadvantages of the endoscopic approach.
Table 5. Ammirati meta-analysis vs HGUA.
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Abstract
Introduction

The endoscopic endonasal approach has become the gold standard for the surgical treatment of pituitary adenomas.

Objectives

The aim of this study is to present the results obtained in our hospital in purely endoscopic surgery of pituitary adenomas.

Methods

From February 2011 to August 2016, we conducted a prospective study on a series of 86 patients with pituitary adenoma, all of whom underwent surgery with a purely endoscopic endonasal approach. The ‘four hands-two nostrils’ technique was performed in all cases by a surgical team composed of an ENT surgeon and a neurosurgeon. Mean follow-up was 32 months. All patients were evaluated according to clinical, radiological and endocrinological criteria.

Results

In our series, 53% were women and 47% men. The age ranged from 14 to 84 years of age, with a mean of 54 years of age. The most common initial symptom was visual deficit (42%), followed by hormonal hyperfunction (21%), with acromegaly being the most common clinical syndrome. The most common tumours were non-functioning tumours (73%), while GH-secreting tumours (65%) were the most common functioning adenoma. Regarding tumour size, 76% were macroadenomas, 11% microadenomas and 13% giant adenomas. Approximately 63% of the adenomas exhibited suprasellar extension and 37% involved invasion of the cavernous sinus (Knosp grade ≥3). Total excision was achieved in 77% of the cases. After the intervention, visual improvement was achieved in 91% and remission of endocrine hyperfunction in up to a 73% of cases. The most common complication was anterior pituitary insufficiency of at least one axis (9%). There were no cases of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid fistula.

Conclusions

In terms of surgical quality, our results are similar to those of published series, and demonstrate the efficacy and safety of the endoscopic endonasal approach as the surgical treatment of choice for pituitary adenomas. However, further studies with a higher sample size are necessary to obtain clinically significant results.

Keywords:
Adenoma
Endonasal
Transsphenoidal
Endoscopic
Sellar
Suprasellar
Resumen
Introducción

El abordaje endoscópico endonasal se ha convertido en la técnica quirúrgica de elección para el tratamiento de los adenomas hipofisarios.

Objetivos

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar los resultados obtenidos en nuestro hospital en cirugía puramente endoscópica de los adenomas hipofisarios.

Métodos

Hemos realizado un estudio prospectivo, recogiendo a los pacientes intervenidos de adenoma hipofisario mediante un abordaje endonasal puramente endoscópico, desde febrero de 2011 hasta agosto de 2016, obteniendo una muestra total de 86 pacientes. Todos los pacientes fueron intervenidos conjuntamente por un ORL y un neurocirujano con la técnica de four hands-two nostrils. El seguimiento medio postoperatorio fue de 32 meses. Todos los pacientes fueron evaluados según criterios clínicos, radiológicos y endocrinológicos.

Resultados

En nuestra serie un 53% eran mujeres y un 47% hombres; el rango de edad variaba desde los 14 hasta los 84 años, siendo la media de 54 años. El síntoma inicial más habitual fue el déficit visual (42%), seguido por la hiperfunción hormonal (21%), siendo la acromegalia el síndrome clínico observado con más frecuencia. Los tumores más frecuentes fueron los no funcionantes (73%), y de entre los adenomas funcionantes el más frecuente fue el productor de GH (65%). En cuanto a tamaño tumoral, un 76% eran macroadenomas, un 11% microadenomas y un 13% gigantes. Un 63% presentaban extensión supraselar y un 37% invasión de seno cavernoso (grado de Knosp ≥3). Se consiguió una exéresis total en un 77% de los casos. Tras la intervención se consiguió en un 91% mejoría visual y hasta en un 73% remisión de la hiperfunción endocrina. En cuanto a las complicaciones, la más frecuente fue la insuficiencia de al menos un eje de la hipófisis anterior (9%), sin presentar casos de fístula de LCR posquirúrgica.

Conclusiones

Nuestros resultados, en términos de calidad quirúrgica, se asemejan a las series publicadas y avalan la eficacia y seguridad del abordaje endoscópico endonasal como técnica de elección en el manejo quirúrgico de la glándula hipofisaria. Sin embargo, es necesario un estudio con mayor número de casos para obtener resultados con significación clínica.

Palabras clave:
Adenoma
Endonasal
Transesfenoidal
Endoscópico
Selar
Supraselar

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