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Vol. 33. Issue 4.
Pages 157-164 (July - August 2022)
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Vol. 33. Issue 4.
Pages 157-164 (July - August 2022)
Clinical Research
Intracranial arachnoid cysts and epilepsy in children: Should this be treated surgically? Our 29-year experience and review of the literature
Quistes aracnoideos intracraneales y epilepsia en niños: ¿Debemos tratarlos quirúrgicamente? Nuestra experiencia de 29 años y revisión de la literatura
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Javier Orduna Martíneza,
Corresponding author
jordunam@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Javier López Pisónb, Beatriz Curto Simónb, Juan Pablo García-Iñiguezb, Pilar Samper Villagrasac, Miguel Lafuente Hidalgob
a Department of Neurosurgery, Universitary Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
b Department of Pediatrics, Universitary Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
c Department of Pediatrics, Universitary Clinical Hospital Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction and objective

Arachnoid cysts (ACs) are relatively frequent lesions related to different neurological symptoms, being mostly incidentally diagnosed. This study aims to clarify whether AC surgery in epileptic patients is useful in their treatment.

Material and methods

The patients registered in the database of the Neuropediatrics Section from May 1990 to August 2019 are analyzed retrospectively. Patients in whom the diagnosis of ACs and epilepsy coincide are studied. The location, size and number of ACs, neurological development, age at diagnosis, follow-up time, the performance of surgery on the cyst, evolution, anatomical relationship between brain electrical activity and location of AC, and type of epilepsy are analyzed.

Results

After analyzing the database, we found 1881 patients diagnosed with epilepsy, of which 25 had at least one intracranial AC. In 9 of the patients, cerebral or genetic pathologies were the cause of epilepsy. Of the other 16, only 2 patients showed that the type of epilepsy and the epileptogenic focus coincided with the location of the AC; one of them was surgically treated without success, and the other one remained asymptomatic without receiving medical or surgical treatment.

Conclusions

Although it is necessary to design a prospective study to establish causality, the results of our research and the available literature suggest that there is no causal relationship between the presence of ACs and epilepsy. The study and treatment of these patients should be carried out in a multidisciplinary epilepsy surgery unit, without initially assuming that the AC is the cause of epilepsy.

Keywords:
Arachnoid cyst
Neurosurgery
Epileptogenic focus
Fenestration
Neurodevelopment
Seizures
Resumen
Introducción y objetivo

Los quistes aracnoideos (QAs) son lesiones relativamente comunes relacionados con diferentes síntomas neurológicos, siendo diagnosticados de forma incidental en su mayoría. Este estudio tiene como objetivo aclarar si la cirugía sobre el QA en pacientes epilépticos es útil en su tratamiento.

Material y métodos

Se analizan retrospectivamente los pacientes registrados en la base de datos de la Sección de Neuropediatría desde mayo de 1990 a agosto de 2019. Se estudian los pacientes en los que coincide el diagnóstico de QA y epilepsia. Se analiza la localización, tamaño y número de los QA, el desarrollo neurológico, edad al diagnóstico, tiempo de seguimiento, realización de cirugía sobre el QA, evolución, relación anatómica entre la actividad eléctrica cerebral y la localización del QA, así como el tipo de epilepsia.

Resultados

Tras el análisis de la base de datos encontramos 1.881 pacientes diagnosticados de epilepsia, entre ellos 25 con al menos un QA intracraneal.

En nueve de los pacientes la patología cerebral o genética por sí misma era causa de epilepsia. De los otros 16, únicamente en dos casos se evidenció que el tipo de epilepsia y el foco epileptogénico coincidían con la localización del QA; uno de ellos fue tratado quirúrgicamente sin éxito y el otro permaneció asintomático sin recibir tratamiento médico ni quirúrgico.

Conclusiones

Aunque es necesario diseñar un estudio prospectivo para establecer causalidad, los resultados de nuestro trabajo y la literatura disponible sugieren que no hay relación causal entre la presencia de QAs y epilepsia. El estudio y tratamiento de estos pacientes debería ser completado en una unidad multidisciplinar de cirugía de la epilepsia, sin asumir de inicio que el QA es la causa de la epilepsia.

Palabras clave:
Quistes aracnoideos
Cirugía de la epilepsia
Foco epileptogénico
Fenestración
Desarrollo neurológico
Convulsiones

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