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UU&#46;&#44; en una serie de pacientes en los servicios de urgencias de Indian&#225;polis&#44; se report&#243; una sobrevida del 7 al 15&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> en los pacientes con TCE debido a HPAF&#46; La mayor parte de las v&#237;ctimas &#40;cerca del 90&#37;&#41; mueren antes de llegar al servicio de urgencias&#44; se conoce que tan solo el 50&#37; de aquellas que logran llegar sobreviven&#46; Se estima que en EE&#46; UU&#46; anualmente 70&#46;000 personas son v&#237;ctimas de HPAF&#44; dejando como resultado 30&#46;000 muertes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13-16</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cali&#44; es una de las ciudades con m&#225;s violencia de Latinoam&#233;rica&#44; con una tasa de homicidios de 53&#44;7 por cada 100&#46;000 habitantes en el a&#241;o 2016<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#59; para el a&#241;o 1996 se registr&#243; una tasa de 105 homicidios por cada 100&#46;000 habitantes para cerrar en el 2010 con una tasa de 81 por 100&#46;000<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#46; La causa de muerte fue provocada en su mayor&#237;a por HPAF lo que genera un grave problema de salud p&#250;blica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&#44; sin embargo&#44; hay un d&#233;ficit de an&#225;lisis de las caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas y desenlaces de los pacientes con TCE por HPAF&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El prop&#243;sito del estudio es presentar una estad&#237;stica de los pacientes con HPAF en cr&#225;neo que ingresan en la Fundaci&#243;n Valle del Lili en Cali&#44; Colombia&#59; con el fin de caracterizar a la poblaci&#243;n afectada para as&#237; identificar acciones que puedan contribuir a la disminuci&#243;n de la morbimortalidad y contribuyan a mejorar la funcionalidad postrauma&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Materiales y m&#233;todos</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; un estudio descriptivo&#44; observacional&#44; retrospectivo a trav&#233;s de la revisi&#243;n de historias cl&#237;nicas digitales y f&#237;sicas de los pacientes mayores de 18 a&#241;os con TCE secundario a HPAF en contexto civil que ingresaron en la sala de urgencias de la Fundaci&#243;n Valle del Lili en Cali&#44; Colombia&#44; entre enero del 2010 y febrero del 2016&#46; Los datos se introdujeron en la base de datos de Neurotrauma de la Fundaci&#243;n Valle del Lili del registro general de TCE en adultos y ni&#241;os&#44; la cual cuenta con 364 pacientes ingresados dentro del periodo de tiempo mencionado&#46; Este estudio cuenta con aprobaci&#243;n del comit&#233; de &#233;tica institucional y debido a la obtenci&#243;n retrospectiva de datos no se requiri&#243; obtener consentimiento informado de los pacientes&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para el an&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico las variables num&#233;ricas fueron presentadas por medio de medidas de tendencia central y dispersi&#243;n dependiendo de la distribuci&#243;n de los datos&#44; y las variables categ&#243;ricas se presentaron como proporciones&#46; La muestra de pacientes fue luego comparada de acuerdo a los resultados cl&#237;nicos al egreso &#40;muerte y discapacidad&#41;&#46; Se defini&#243; como desenlace cl&#237;nico adverso un puntaje de 3 a 6 de Glasgow Outcome Score Extended &#40;GOSE&#41; al egreso&#46; Se utiliz&#243; la prueba de Chi<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> para evaluar diferencias en variables categ&#243;ricas y de acuerdo a la distribuci&#243;n de los datos continuos&#44; se utiliz&#243; una prueba de Two-sample T-test o un Mann-Whitney U test para las comparaciones realizadas para variables num&#233;ricas&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; se utiliz&#243; el an&#225;lisis de Kaplan-Meier para estimar la sobrevida de la poblaci&#243;n estudiada&#46; Se defini&#243; como estad&#237;sticamente significativo aquellos resultados que presentaran un valor de p&#60;0&#44;05&#46; Para el an&#225;lisis de los datos se utiliz&#243; el programa STATA 12&#46;0&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Resultados</span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Datos Demogr&#225;ficos y Cl&#237;nicos</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Un total de 95 pacientes fueron incluidos para el an&#225;lisis&#46; Las caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas y cl&#237;nicas est&#225;n resumidas en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#46; La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 28 a&#241;os &#40;21&#44;9 &#8211; 37&#44;1&#41;&#59; el 91&#44;5&#37; de los pacientes fueron de sexo masculino&#59; la mayor&#237;a de las heridas fueron debidas a asalto &#40;violencia interpersonal&#41; en un 54&#44;7&#37;&#44; seguido por un 26&#44;3&#37; de casos en los que no se conoce el contexto y finalmente un 13&#44;6&#37; de lesiones accidentales &#40;&#171;bala perdida&#47;manipulaci&#243;n de armas&#187;&#41;&#46; Sesenta y cinco pacientes ingresaron en el servicio de Urgencias en ambulancia dentro de la primera hora posterior al trauma &#40;rango de llegada 1-2 h&#41;&#46; El Injury Severity Score &#40;ISS&#41; de los pacientes en el servicio de urgencias tuvo una mediana de 48 &#40;RIQ 22-75&#41; y el GCS en la admisi&#243;n se encontraba de 3-8 en 64&#44;2&#37; de los casos&#44; 9-12 en el 6&#44;3&#37; y 13-15 en el 28&#44;4&#37;&#46; En el 86&#44;3&#37; de los casos se realiz&#243; tomograf&#237;a axial computarizada &#40;TAC&#41; de cr&#225;neo simple la cual se valor&#243; seg&#250;n el Marshall-score&#59; este mostr&#243; que el 36&#44;7&#37; ten&#237;an un puntaje de I-II&#44; el 24&#44;2&#37; III y el 17&#44;8&#37; IV&#44; mientras que solo el 4&#44;2&#37; present&#243; puntajes de V-VI&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Mortalidad</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La mortalidad y la escala GOSE se resume en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a>&#46; Las variables relacionadas con mayor mortalidad se resumen en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a>&#44; destac&#225;ndose que el 97&#44;7&#37; de los pacientes fallecidos ten&#237;an un GCS entre 3 y 8&#44; en comparaci&#243;n a el 37&#44;3&#37; de los sobrevivientes &#40;p&#60;0&#44;001&#41;&#59; por el contrario de los pacientes fallecidos el 0&#37; puntu&#243; 13-15 en GCS versus el 52&#44;9&#37; de los pacientes que sobrevivieron &#40;p&#60;0&#44;001&#41;&#46; De igual forma se encontr&#243; que el valor del ISS y el APACHE II son determinantes en el pron&#243;stico de los pacientes al encontrarse para el primero una mediana de 75 &#40;RIQ 75-75&#41; en el grupo de pacientes fallecidos comparado con una mediana de 26&#44;5 &#40;RIQ 11 - 43&#41; para los sobrevivientes &#40;p&#60;0&#44;001&#41; y para el segundo una mediana de 20 &#40;RIQ 17-23&#41; en los pacientes fallecidos versus una mediana del 10 &#40;RIQ 8 - 15&#41; en los sobrevivientes &#40;p&#60;0&#44;001&#41;&#46; La presi&#243;n de ingreso no mostr&#243; diferencias entre los grupos de pacientes&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Otro hallazgo relevante fue que la incidencia de la midriasis bilateral fue mayor en el grupo de los pacientes que fallecieron &#40;45&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#44; mientras que los pacientes que sobrevivieron solo presentaban este hallazgo en un 4&#37; de los casos &#40;p&#60;0&#44;001&#41;&#46; Por otro lado&#44; los pacientes que presentaron ausencia de respuesta a los reflejos lum&#237;nicos sobrevivieron en un 74&#44;5&#37; de los casos&#44; falleciendo tan solo el 16&#44;7&#37; de quienes ten&#237;an este hallazgo&#46; De los pacientes que fallecieron 71&#44;4&#37; ten&#237;an respuesta pupilar unilateral &#40;p&#60;0&#44;001&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los pacientes que no requirieron intubaci&#243;n en urgencias o debieron ser reintubados tuvieron una mortalidad del 46&#44;5&#37; versus el 78&#44;8&#37; en quienes no requirieron intubaci&#243;n o no fueron reintubados &#40;p&#61;0&#44;001&#41;&#59; por otro lado&#44; los pacientes que fueron intubados en el servicio de urgencias por primera vez tuvieron una mortalidad del 53&#44;5&#37; con una sobrevida de tan solo el 21&#44;2&#37; tras el alta hospitalaria &#40;p&#61;0&#44;001&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a> se muestran los hallazgos de mortalidad versus escala de Marshall en la TAC&#46; El 17&#44;3&#37; de los pacientes que sobrevivieron requirieron craniectom&#237;a&#44; el 21&#44;6&#37; requirieron esquirlectom&#237;a&#44; mientras que solo el 4&#44;7&#37; de los que fallecieron fueron sometidos a manejo quir&#250;rgico&#44; sin embargo&#44; esto no fue estad&#237;sticamente significativo &#40;p&#61;0&#44;055&#41;&#46; En total se operaron 18 pacientes&#44; de los cuales 16 sobrevivieron mientras que tan solo 2 murieron&#46; De los 16 pacientes que se operaron y sobrevivieron tan solo un paciente desarroll&#243; una infecci&#243;n del sitio operatorio &#40;ISO&#41; asociada a la realizaci&#243;n de una craniectom&#237;a para esquirlectom&#237;a y drenaje de hematoma&#59; por otro lado otro paciente &#40;1&#41; desarroll&#243; una ISO asociada a otro tipo de cirug&#237;a&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabla 4</a>&#44; se muestran los datos de estancia hospitalaria y complicaciones&#46; La duraci&#243;n de la estancia hospitalaria fue m&#225;s prolongada en los pacientes que sobrevivieron con una estancia promedio de 7 d&#237;as &#40;RIQ 5 &#8211; 12&#44;5&#41;&#44; mientras que los pacientes que fallecieron tuvieron una estancia promedio de un d&#237;a &#40;RIQ 0 &#8211; 1&#41;&#46; Por otra parte&#44; los requerimientos de Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos &#40;UCI&#41; fueron mayores en los pacientes que sobrevivieron &#40;88&#44;5&#37;&#41; versus &#40;60&#44;5&#37;&#41; en quienes fallecieron &#40;p&#61;0&#44;002&#41;&#46; Al igual que la estancia hospitalaria&#44; la estancia en UCI fue mayor en aquellos que sobrevivieron&#44; con un promedio de 5 d&#237;as &#40;RIQ 2 &#8211; 9&#41;&#44; contra un d&#237;a &#40;RIQ 1 &#8211; 1&#41; en aquellos pacientes que fallecieron &#40;p&#61;0&#44;0002&#41;&#46; Los requerimientos de ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica fueron mayores en el grupo de pacientes fallecidos con un 96&#44;2&#37; del total de pacientes&#44; comparado con un 63&#37; de los pacientes que sobrevivieron &#40;p&#61;0&#44;002&#41;&#46; Entre los sobrevivientes se presentaron infecciones asociadas a los cuidados de la salud&#58; 3&#44;8&#37;&#44; ISO &#40;p&#61;0&#44;502&#41;&#44; 11&#44;5&#37; neumon&#237;a asociada al ventilador &#40;p&#61;0&#44;033&#41;&#44; 3&#44;8&#37; infecci&#243;n de v&#237;as urinarias asociada a cat&#233;ter &#40;p&#61;0&#44;502&#41;&#44; 1&#44;9&#37; bacteriemia &#40;p&#62;0&#44;99&#41; y 5&#44;8&#37; otras infecciones nosocomiales &#40;osteomielitis&#47;traque&#237;tis&#41; &#40;p&#61;0&#44;249&#41;&#46; El 86&#44;5&#37; de los pacientes que sobrevivieron &#40;n&#61;45&#41; recibieron manejo con antibi&#243;tico profil&#225;ctico por lesi&#243;n&#44; hayan sido o no intervenidos quir&#250;rgicamente versus el 17&#44;1&#37; &#40;n&#61;7&#41; de los fallecidos&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Desenlace cl&#237;nico adverso</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finalmente&#44; se analiz&#243; &#250;nicamente el grupo de supervivientes respecto a la escala GOSE al egreso &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabla 5</a>&#41;&#46; Se dividi&#243; en dos grupos&#58; aquellos con discapacidad severa y moderada &#40;3-6&#41; quienes fueron considerados como resultados cl&#237;nicos adversos y aquellos con buenos resultados cl&#237;nicos &#40;7-8&#41;&#46; Dentro de las variables que se compararon se encontr&#243; que el 52&#44;4&#37; de los pacientes con GOSE entre 3-6 ten&#237;an apertura parcialmente cerrada de las cisternas de la base mientras que los pacientes con un GOSE entre 7-8 el 84&#37; presentaron apertura completa de las cisternas de la base&#46; Por otra parte&#44; el APACHE II fue menor en los pacientes con GOSE 7-8 con un promedio de 8 &#40;RIQ 6 &#8211; 13&#41;&#44; comparado con aquellos pacientes con un GOSE de 3-6 cuyo promedio fue de 11 &#40;RIQ 9 &#8211; 13&#41;&#46; Para el resto de variables evaluadas&#44; no se encontraron diferencias estad&#237;sticamente significativas &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabla 4</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a> se muestra la curva de sobrevida de Kaplan-Meier&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A diferencia de la epidemiolog&#237;a observada en otros estudios&#44; en donde la mitad de las muertes por TCE por HPAF se deben a suicidios&#44; en nuestro estudio la proporci&#243;n m&#225;s alta de pacientes sufrieron esta lesi&#243;n en el contexto de violencia interpersonal&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; encontramos como tercera causa las lesiones accidentales lo cual coincide con la literatura revisada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19-21</span></a>&#46; Se puede evidenciar que tanto en nuestro estudio como en la literatura&#44; la mayor incidencia de estas lesiones se presenta en hombres y en poblaci&#243;n joven con una media de edad entre los 28 a 30 a&#241;os<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20-28</span></a>&#46; Las lesiones en esta poblaci&#243;n que se encuentra en edad laboral&#44; pueden producir incapacidad para valerse por s&#237; mismos&#44; para desarrollar actividades de la vida diaria y de ejercer un trabajo lo cual genera grandes p&#233;rdidas a nivel socioecon&#243;mico para el pa&#237;s&#46; No hay diferencia en la presente serie respecto a la literatura en cuanto al tiempo de llegada &#40;1 hora&#41; ni al m&#233;todo de transporte&#44; siendo el m&#225;s com&#250;n la ambulancia medicalizada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Muchos factores han sido evaluados para definir cu&#225;les dan mayores riesgos de resultados adversos al egreso y muerte en pacientes con TCE debido a HPAF&#46; Hay reportes que refieren que una presi&#243;n arterial sist&#243;lica menor a 90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg al ingreso&#44; es un factor de mal pron&#243;stico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;25</span></a>&#44; sin embargo&#44; en nuestro estudio no se vio una asociaci&#243;n estad&#237;sticamente significativa entre la presi&#243;n arterial de ingreso y la mortalidad&#46; La mortalidad relacionada con el GCS es similar a la reportada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;24&#44;26&#44;29</span></a>&#46; Debido a que la mayor&#237;a de los pacientes que fallecieron lo hicieron en las primeras 24 h&#44; se asume que este per&#237;odo de tiempo es cr&#237;tico para definir el pron&#243;stico del paciente y el requerimiento de intervenciones m&#233;dico-quir&#250;rgicas agresivas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20-22&#44;30</span></a>&#46; Se puede ver c&#243;mo en pa&#237;ses en v&#237;a de desarrollo como la India&#44; la mortalidad es mucho mayor y alcanza hasta un 87&#44;69&#37;&#44; con una mayor mortalidad en el traslado a los centros m&#233;dicos&#44; lo que podr&#237;a indicar que el pron&#243;stico es influenciado por los recursos econ&#243;micos del pa&#237;s donde ocurran los sucesos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Un estudio de 107 casos por Ozkan et al&#46; muestra una mortalidad de tan solo el 21&#37;&#59; al analizar la distribuci&#243;n del GCS de ingreso se puede ver que 35 pacientes presentaban un GCS entre 5-7&#44; de los cuales murieron el 37&#37; y 3 presentaban un GCS de 3 de los cuales el 100&#37; muri&#243;&#59; esto reforzar&#237;a lo encontrado por este estudio&#44; a un menor GCS se presenta una mayor mortalidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Otra variable de mal pron&#243;stico es una respuesta pupilar alterada&#44; la cual suele estar presente en el 50 &#8211; 60&#37; de pacientes con TCE por HPAF&#46; Coincidimos con reportes previos en este aspecto<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;26&#44;30&#44;32</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las HPAF en cr&#225;neo se consideran heridas contaminadas&#44; tienen tejido cerebral desvitalizado y fragmentos de hueso retenidos que act&#250;an como focos infecciosos&#44; por este motivo estos pacientes requieren profilaxis antibi&#243;tica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;21</span></a>&#46; La principal complicaci&#243;n infecciosa tras un procedimiento quir&#250;rgico es la infecci&#243;n del sitio operatorio&#46; En el siglo XX se reportaron incidencias entre el 5 y el 23&#37;&#46; En este estudio se evidencia una baja incidencia con tan solo un 3&#44;8&#37; en comparaci&#243;n con lo reportado en la literatura&#44; teniendo en cuenta que a la gran mayor&#237;a de los pacientes no se les realiz&#243; cirug&#237;a&#46; Otro tipo de infecciones documentadas son las del sistema nervioso central&#44; las cuales acarrean una alta tasa de mortalidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;21</span></a>&#59; en este estudio no se present&#243; ninguna en los 95 pacientes&#46; Los pacientes que murieron tuvieron una estancia hospitalaria media de un d&#237;a&#44; raz&#243;n por la cual no alcanzaron a desarrollar infecci&#243;n&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Diversos estudios encontraron como factores de mal pron&#243;stico la lesi&#243;n del sistema ventricular y la lesi&#243;n de ambos hemisferios&#46; Estos dos factores no fueron comparados directamente entre los casos de mortalidad y los sobrevivientes en nuestro estudio&#44; sin embargo&#44; podr&#237;a correlacionar estos hallazgos con puntajes de Marshall<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;20&#44;22&#44;26&#44;27</span></a> entre III y IV&#44; los cuales indican lesi&#243;n difusa con edema cerebral uni- o bilateral y estaban presentes en mayor medida en los pacientes que fallecieron&#46; Puntajes de Marshall de VI se correlacionan con alta mortalidad&#44; lo que podr&#237;a explicarse por la presencia de hematomas no drenados los cuales son un factor de mal pron&#243;stico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;26</span></a>&#46; Se ha visto que los pacientes que logran sobrevivir suelen cursar con una funcionalidad moderada a buena cuando se les realiza seguimiento con la escala de GOSE<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;22&#44;24</span></a>&#46; Esto se pudo evidenciar en nuestro estudio donde el 54&#44;1&#37; del total de pacientes&#44; obtuvo un puntaje de 7 u 8 &#40;recuperaci&#243;n completa sin d&#233;ficit&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Al cruzar los datos de mortalidad con el ISS&#44; podemos observar que aquellos pacientes que presentaron un ISS m&#225;s alto&#44; se asociaron a mayor mortalidad&#44; es decir que aquellos pacientes con m&#225;s de un sistema comprometido&#44; tuvieron un riesgo mayor de fallecer<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a>&#46; En cuanto al pron&#243;stico&#44; tras el egreso&#44; en esta serie se observaron dos factores estad&#237;sticamente significativos&#58; la oclusi&#243;n de las cisternas basales y un score APACHE II mayor&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Conclusiones</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La mortalidad secundaria a TCE penetrante por HPAF es elevada&#44; principalmente en pa&#237;ses en v&#237;a de desarrollo&#44; como Colombia&#46; Se debe identificar tempranamente qu&#233; pacientes pueden tener un pron&#243;stico neurol&#243;gico favorable con el fin de intensificar las medidas terap&#233;uticas en estos y as&#237; mejorar el pron&#243;stico neurol&#243;gico y disminuir la morbimortalidad&#46; Hacen falta estudios adicionales&#44; para caracterizar apropiadamente a los pacientes que pueden presentar un mejor pron&#243;stico neurol&#243;gico o que requerir&#225;n de intervenciones m&#225;s agresivas posterior a un TCE secundario a HPAF&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Agradecimientos</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Agradecemos la colaboraci&#243;n de las Dras&#46; Maria Alejandra Posada y Sara Loaiza-Osorio en la redacci&#243;n del manuscrito</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Este estudio busca describir casos de trauma craneoencef&#225;lico debido a heridas por proyectil de arma de fuego&#44; en poblaci&#243;n civil mayor de 18 a&#241;os&#44; atendidos en un hospital de referencia y realizar una comparaci&#243;n de los pacientes de acuerdo a los resultados cl&#237;nicos al egreso&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se trata de un estudio descriptivo&#44; observacional&#44; retrospectivo a trav&#233;s de la revisi&#243;n de historias cl&#237;nicas de los pacientes mayores de 18 a&#241;os que ingresaron en la sala de urgencias de la Fundaci&#243;n Valle del Lili en Cali&#44; Colombia con trauma craneoencef&#225;lico secundario a heridas por proyectil de arma de fuego&#44; en contexto civil&#44; entre enero del 2010 y febrero del 2016&#46; Se realiz&#243; un an&#225;lisis univariado para determinar factores asociados a muerte y resultados cl&#237;nicos adversos&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluy&#243; un total de 95 pacientes con trauma craneoencef&#225;lico por heridas por proyectil de arma de fuego en el contexto civil&#46; El 91&#44;6&#37; fue de sexo masculino&#44; el principal contexto fue violencia interpersonal en un 54&#44;7&#37;&#44; el m&#233;todo de transporte m&#225;s com&#250;n fue ambulancia terrestre en un 79&#37;&#44; el puntaje de Glasgow &#40;GCS&#41; al ingreso fue 3-8 &#61; 64&#44;2&#37;&#59; 9-12 &#61; 6&#44;3&#37;&#59; 13-15&#61;28&#44;4&#37;&#46; Al ingreso se le tom&#243; TAC simple a 82 &#40;86&#44;3&#37;&#41; pacientes dentro de la primera hora&#44; encontrando una clasificaci&#243;n de Marshall entre I-III en 60&#44;9&#37;&#44; un valor de IV en el 17&#44;8&#37; y entre V-VI en un 4&#44;1&#37;&#46; La trayectoria era penetrante no transfixiante en el 43&#44;2&#37;&#44; transfixiante en el 27&#44;4&#37; y tangencial en el 9&#44;5&#37;&#46; La mortalidad fue del 45&#44;3&#37;&#44; de esta 39&#37; ocurri&#243; en las primeras 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Un mayor compromiso en el estado general del paciente al ingreso determina un pobre pron&#243;stico y mayor probabilidad de muerte en las primeras 24 h&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
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            "titulo" => "Objetivo"
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            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
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            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
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            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
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      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objective</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study aims to describe cases of traumatic brain injury due to gunshot wounds in civilian population over 18 years of age&#44; treated at a referral hospital in Cali&#44; Colombia and compare the clinical outcomes at discharge&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An observational&#44; descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted by retrospectively collecting clinical data related to adult patients that presented traumatic brain injury due to civil gunshot-wounds and that consulted to the emergency room at Fundaci&#243;n Valle del Lili Hospital in Cali&#44; Colombia between January 2010 and February of 2016&#46; A univariate analysis was performed to determine factors associated with death and adverse clinical outcomes&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 95 patients older than 18 years&#44; with traumatic brain injury by gunshot were included in the civil context&#46; The 91&#46;6&#37; were male&#46; The main context was interpersonal violence with 54&#46;7&#37;&#46; The most common method of transportation was by ambulance &#40;79&#37;&#41;&#46; The Glasgow score at admission was 3-8 in 64&#46;2&#37; of cases&#59; 9-12 in 6&#46;32&#37; and 13-15 in 28&#46;4&#37;&#46; On admission&#44; head CT scan was performed in 82 &#40;86&#46;3&#37;&#41; patients within the first hour&#44; finding a Marshall-Score between I-III in 60&#46;9&#37;&#44; of IV in 17&#46;8&#37; of cases and a score between V-VI and in 4&#46;1&#37;&#46; The trajectory was non-transfixing penetrating in 43&#46;2&#37;&#44; transfixing in 27&#46;3&#37; and tangential in 9&#46;5&#37;&#46; Mortality was 45&#46;3&#37; in total&#44; 39&#37; died within the first 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A major compromise on admission determines an overall poorer prognosis and a high likelihood of death in the first 24-hours&#46;</p></span>"
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            "titulo" => "Results"
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            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Dato al ingreso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Edad &#40;a&#241;os&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">28 &#40;21&#44;9 - 37&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">G&#233;nero</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Femenino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;8&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Masculino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">87 &#40;91&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Intencionalidad</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Accidental&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13 &#40;13&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Autoinflingido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;5&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Violencia interpersonal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">52 &#40;54&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Se desconoce&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25 &#40;26&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#233;todo de transporte al hospital</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ambulancia terrestre&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">75 &#40;78&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Coche de polic&#237;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4 &#40;4&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Coche particular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#40;2&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ambulancia a&#233;rea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6 &#40;6&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Se desconoce&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;8&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tiempo de llegada al hospital &#40;horas</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;1-2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Puntaje ISS al ingreso</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">48 &#40;22-75&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Escala de Glasgow al ingreso</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">61 &#40;64&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9 - 12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6 &#40;6&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13 -15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">27 &#40;28&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Se desconoce&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;1&#44;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Intubaci&#243;n orotraqueal previa</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">60 &#40;63&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">31 &#40;32&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Se desconoce&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4 &#40;4&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Toma de TAC al ingreso</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">82 &#40;86&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Clasificaci&#243;n de MARSHALL</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>I&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;9&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>II&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">26 &#40;27&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>III&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23 &#40;24&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">17 &#40;17&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>V&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;1&#44;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>VI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3 &#40;3&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Se desconoce&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16 &#40;16&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trayectoria del proyectil</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Penetrante no transfixiante&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">41 &#40;43&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Transfixiante&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">26 &#40;27&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tangencial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;9&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Se desconoce&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19 &#40;20&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1838580.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Perfil demogr&#225;fico y cl&#237;nico de la poblaci&#243;n estudiada</p>"
        ]
      ]
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        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at2"
            "detalle" => "Tabla "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Datos al egreso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GOSE al egreso</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">43 &#40;45&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;1&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#40;2&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7 &#40;7&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#40;2&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;8&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6 &#40;6&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">26 &#40;27&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Muerte &#40;total&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">52 &#40;54&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">43 &#40;45&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1838577.png"
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mortalidad general y estado al egreso</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at3"
            "detalle" => "Tabla "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sobrevivientes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Fallecidos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Valor de p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GCS ingreso</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;51&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;43&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#44;001</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3-8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19 &#40;37&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">42 &#40;97&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9-12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;9&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;2&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13-15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">27 &#40;52&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ISS</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#44;001</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Puntaje promedio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">26&#44;5 &#40;11-43&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">75 &#40;75-75&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">APACHE II</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#44;001</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Puntaje promedio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10 &#40;8-15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20 &#40;17-23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Examen pupilar</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;50&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">n&#61;42&#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#44;001</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Isocoria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">42 &#40;84&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;21&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Anisocoria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6 &#40;12&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14 &#40;33&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Midriasis bilateral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#40;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19 &#40;45&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Reflejo pupilar</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;51&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;42&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#44;001</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Respuesta unilateral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;9&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30 &#40;71&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Respuesta bilateral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;15&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;11&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sin respuesta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">38 &#40;74&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7 &#40;16&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Presi&#243;n arterial media</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">0&#44;162</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Presi&#243;n arterial media &#40;PAM&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">124 &#40;114-137&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">120 &#40;90-139&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Intubaci&#243;n</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;52&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;43&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">0&#44;001</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No requirieron o necesidad de reintubaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">41 &#40;78&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20 &#40;46&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Intubados en urgencias&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11 &#40;21&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23 &#40;53&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Marshall</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">n&#61;50&#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">n&#61;29&#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="top">0&#44;016</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>I-II-III&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">42 &#40;84&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16 &#40;55&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;10&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12 &#40;41&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>V-VI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3 &#40;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;3&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Craniectom&#237;a</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;52&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;43&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">0&#44;055</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">43 &#40;82&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">41 &#40;95&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;17&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#40;4&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Esquirlectom&#237;a</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;51&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;42&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">0&#44;001</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">40 &#40;78&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">42 &#40;100&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11 &#40;21&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variables</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Muerte</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Valor de p</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No&#44; n&#61;52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">S&#237;&#44; n&#61;43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Duraci&#243;n estancia hospitalaria</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#44;001</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>D&#237;as promedio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7 &#40;5-12&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;0-1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Requerimiento de UCI</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">n&#61;52&#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">n&#61;43&#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">0&#44;002</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total pacientes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">46 &#40;88&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">26 &#40;60&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Estancia en UCI</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">0&#44;0002</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>D&#237;as promedio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;2-9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;1-1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">n&#61;46&#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">n&#61;26&#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">0&#44;002</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total pacientes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">29 &#40;63&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25 &#40;96&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Infecci&#243;n del sitio operatorio &#40;ISO&#41;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">n&#61;52&#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">n&#61;41&#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">0&#44;502</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total pacientes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#40;3&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Neumon&#237;a</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;52&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;41&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">0&#44;033</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total pacientes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6 &#40;11&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Infecci&#243;n del tracto urinario &#40;ITU&#41; asociada a cat&#233;ter</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;52&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;41&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">0&#44;502</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total pacientes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#40;3&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Infecci&#243;n del torrente sangu&#237;neo asociada a cat&#233;teres intravenosos</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;52&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;41&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">&#62;0&#44;99</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total pacientes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;1&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Otra infecci&#243;n nosocomial</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;41&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9-12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;3&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13-15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Marshall</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Investigación clínica
Caracterización de 95 pacientes adultos con trauma craneoencefálico debido a herida por proyectil de arma de fuego en un centro de referencia en Cali, Colombia
Characterization of 95 patients with traumatic brain injury due to gunshot wounds at a referral center in Cali, Colombia
Daniel Ospina-Delgadoa, Laura Marcela Mosquera Salasa, Alejandro Enríquez-Marulandaa, Jaime Hernández-Moralesa, Robinson Pachecob, Javier Lobato-Poloc,
Autor para correspondencia
jmlobatop@yahoo.com

Autor para correspondencia.
a Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
b Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas, Cali, Colombia
c Departamento de Neurocirugía, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El trauma craneoencef&#225;lico &#40;TCE&#41; se ha convertido en un asunto de gran importancia en salud p&#250;blica a nivel mundial&#59; Afecta principalmente a j&#243;venes en edad reproductiva y econ&#243;micamente activos&#44; por lo que es una de las principales causas de p&#233;rdida de potencial humano<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; La incidencia del TCE es cercana a 200-600 casos por cada 100&#46;000 habitantes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8-10</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; en los pa&#237;ses de medianos y bajos ingresos estas cifras pueden estar subestimadas debido a la falta de registros epidemiol&#243;gicos&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En los pa&#237;ses desarrollados los accidentes de tr&#225;nsito constituyen una de las causas m&#225;s comunes de TCE&#46; En contraste a esto&#44; en los pa&#237;ses en v&#237;a de desarrollo la violencia interpersonal reviste una mayor importancia &#40;especialmente en Centroam&#233;rica&#44; Sudam&#233;rica&#44; &#193;frica Central y Medio Oriente&#41;&#44; llamando particularmente la atenci&#243;n las heridas por proyectil de arma de fuego &#40;HPAF&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5-7</span></a>&#46; Lo anterior sugiere que las causas y caracter&#237;sticas del TCE est&#225;n relacionadas con el contexto social&#46; Colombia&#44; por ejemplo&#44; es un pa&#237;s en donde se destacan las HPAF como causa prevalente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#44; particularmente en zonas de alta tasa de violencia interpersonal&#44; como por ejemplo en la ciudad de Cali<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1-4</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En EE&#46; UU&#46;&#44; en una serie de pacientes en los servicios de urgencias de Indian&#225;polis&#44; se report&#243; una sobrevida del 7 al 15&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> en los pacientes con TCE debido a HPAF&#46; La mayor parte de las v&#237;ctimas &#40;cerca del 90&#37;&#41; mueren antes de llegar al servicio de urgencias&#44; se conoce que tan solo el 50&#37; de aquellas que logran llegar sobreviven&#46; Se estima que en EE&#46; UU&#46; anualmente 70&#46;000 personas son v&#237;ctimas de HPAF&#44; dejando como resultado 30&#46;000 muertes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13-16</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cali&#44; es una de las ciudades con m&#225;s violencia de Latinoam&#233;rica&#44; con una tasa de homicidios de 53&#44;7 por cada 100&#46;000 habitantes en el a&#241;o 2016<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#59; para el a&#241;o 1996 se registr&#243; una tasa de 105 homicidios por cada 100&#46;000 habitantes para cerrar en el 2010 con una tasa de 81 por 100&#46;000<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#46; La causa de muerte fue provocada en su mayor&#237;a por HPAF lo que genera un grave problema de salud p&#250;blica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&#44; sin embargo&#44; hay un d&#233;ficit de an&#225;lisis de las caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas y desenlaces de los pacientes con TCE por HPAF&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El prop&#243;sito del estudio es presentar una estad&#237;stica de los pacientes con HPAF en cr&#225;neo que ingresan en la Fundaci&#243;n Valle del Lili en Cali&#44; Colombia&#59; con el fin de caracterizar a la poblaci&#243;n afectada para as&#237; identificar acciones que puedan contribuir a la disminuci&#243;n de la morbimortalidad y contribuyan a mejorar la funcionalidad postrauma&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Materiales y m&#233;todos</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; un estudio descriptivo&#44; observacional&#44; retrospectivo a trav&#233;s de la revisi&#243;n de historias cl&#237;nicas digitales y f&#237;sicas de los pacientes mayores de 18 a&#241;os con TCE secundario a HPAF en contexto civil que ingresaron en la sala de urgencias de la Fundaci&#243;n Valle del Lili en Cali&#44; Colombia&#44; entre enero del 2010 y febrero del 2016&#46; Los datos se introdujeron en la base de datos de Neurotrauma de la Fundaci&#243;n Valle del Lili del registro general de TCE en adultos y ni&#241;os&#44; la cual cuenta con 364 pacientes ingresados dentro del periodo de tiempo mencionado&#46; Este estudio cuenta con aprobaci&#243;n del comit&#233; de &#233;tica institucional y debido a la obtenci&#243;n retrospectiva de datos no se requiri&#243; obtener consentimiento informado de los pacientes&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para el an&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico las variables num&#233;ricas fueron presentadas por medio de medidas de tendencia central y dispersi&#243;n dependiendo de la distribuci&#243;n de los datos&#44; y las variables categ&#243;ricas se presentaron como proporciones&#46; La muestra de pacientes fue luego comparada de acuerdo a los resultados cl&#237;nicos al egreso &#40;muerte y discapacidad&#41;&#46; Se defini&#243; como desenlace cl&#237;nico adverso un puntaje de 3 a 6 de Glasgow Outcome Score Extended &#40;GOSE&#41; al egreso&#46; Se utiliz&#243; la prueba de Chi<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> para evaluar diferencias en variables categ&#243;ricas y de acuerdo a la distribuci&#243;n de los datos continuos&#44; se utiliz&#243; una prueba de Two-sample T-test o un Mann-Whitney U test para las comparaciones realizadas para variables num&#233;ricas&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; se utiliz&#243; el an&#225;lisis de Kaplan-Meier para estimar la sobrevida de la poblaci&#243;n estudiada&#46; Se defini&#243; como estad&#237;sticamente significativo aquellos resultados que presentaran un valor de p&#60;0&#44;05&#46; Para el an&#225;lisis de los datos se utiliz&#243; el programa STATA 12&#46;0&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Resultados</span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Datos Demogr&#225;ficos y Cl&#237;nicos</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Un total de 95 pacientes fueron incluidos para el an&#225;lisis&#46; Las caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas y cl&#237;nicas est&#225;n resumidas en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#46; La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 28 a&#241;os &#40;21&#44;9 &#8211; 37&#44;1&#41;&#59; el 91&#44;5&#37; de los pacientes fueron de sexo masculino&#59; la mayor&#237;a de las heridas fueron debidas a asalto &#40;violencia interpersonal&#41; en un 54&#44;7&#37;&#44; seguido por un 26&#44;3&#37; de casos en los que no se conoce el contexto y finalmente un 13&#44;6&#37; de lesiones accidentales &#40;&#171;bala perdida&#47;manipulaci&#243;n de armas&#187;&#41;&#46; Sesenta y cinco pacientes ingresaron en el servicio de Urgencias en ambulancia dentro de la primera hora posterior al trauma &#40;rango de llegada 1-2 h&#41;&#46; El Injury Severity Score &#40;ISS&#41; de los pacientes en el servicio de urgencias tuvo una mediana de 48 &#40;RIQ 22-75&#41; y el GCS en la admisi&#243;n se encontraba de 3-8 en 64&#44;2&#37; de los casos&#44; 9-12 en el 6&#44;3&#37; y 13-15 en el 28&#44;4&#37;&#46; En el 86&#44;3&#37; de los casos se realiz&#243; tomograf&#237;a axial computarizada &#40;TAC&#41; de cr&#225;neo simple la cual se valor&#243; seg&#250;n el Marshall-score&#59; este mostr&#243; que el 36&#44;7&#37; ten&#237;an un puntaje de I-II&#44; el 24&#44;2&#37; III y el 17&#44;8&#37; IV&#44; mientras que solo el 4&#44;2&#37; present&#243; puntajes de V-VI&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Mortalidad</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La mortalidad y la escala GOSE se resume en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a>&#46; Las variables relacionadas con mayor mortalidad se resumen en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a>&#44; destac&#225;ndose que el 97&#44;7&#37; de los pacientes fallecidos ten&#237;an un GCS entre 3 y 8&#44; en comparaci&#243;n a el 37&#44;3&#37; de los sobrevivientes &#40;p&#60;0&#44;001&#41;&#59; por el contrario de los pacientes fallecidos el 0&#37; puntu&#243; 13-15 en GCS versus el 52&#44;9&#37; de los pacientes que sobrevivieron &#40;p&#60;0&#44;001&#41;&#46; De igual forma se encontr&#243; que el valor del ISS y el APACHE II son determinantes en el pron&#243;stico de los pacientes al encontrarse para el primero una mediana de 75 &#40;RIQ 75-75&#41; en el grupo de pacientes fallecidos comparado con una mediana de 26&#44;5 &#40;RIQ 11 - 43&#41; para los sobrevivientes &#40;p&#60;0&#44;001&#41; y para el segundo una mediana de 20 &#40;RIQ 17-23&#41; en los pacientes fallecidos versus una mediana del 10 &#40;RIQ 8 - 15&#41; en los sobrevivientes &#40;p&#60;0&#44;001&#41;&#46; La presi&#243;n de ingreso no mostr&#243; diferencias entre los grupos de pacientes&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Otro hallazgo relevante fue que la incidencia de la midriasis bilateral fue mayor en el grupo de los pacientes que fallecieron &#40;45&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#44; mientras que los pacientes que sobrevivieron solo presentaban este hallazgo en un 4&#37; de los casos &#40;p&#60;0&#44;001&#41;&#46; Por otro lado&#44; los pacientes que presentaron ausencia de respuesta a los reflejos lum&#237;nicos sobrevivieron en un 74&#44;5&#37; de los casos&#44; falleciendo tan solo el 16&#44;7&#37; de quienes ten&#237;an este hallazgo&#46; De los pacientes que fallecieron 71&#44;4&#37; ten&#237;an respuesta pupilar unilateral &#40;p&#60;0&#44;001&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los pacientes que no requirieron intubaci&#243;n en urgencias o debieron ser reintubados tuvieron una mortalidad del 46&#44;5&#37; versus el 78&#44;8&#37; en quienes no requirieron intubaci&#243;n o no fueron reintubados &#40;p&#61;0&#44;001&#41;&#59; por otro lado&#44; los pacientes que fueron intubados en el servicio de urgencias por primera vez tuvieron una mortalidad del 53&#44;5&#37; con una sobrevida de tan solo el 21&#44;2&#37; tras el alta hospitalaria &#40;p&#61;0&#44;001&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a> se muestran los hallazgos de mortalidad versus escala de Marshall en la TAC&#46; El 17&#44;3&#37; de los pacientes que sobrevivieron requirieron craniectom&#237;a&#44; el 21&#44;6&#37; requirieron esquirlectom&#237;a&#44; mientras que solo el 4&#44;7&#37; de los que fallecieron fueron sometidos a manejo quir&#250;rgico&#44; sin embargo&#44; esto no fue estad&#237;sticamente significativo &#40;p&#61;0&#44;055&#41;&#46; En total se operaron 18 pacientes&#44; de los cuales 16 sobrevivieron mientras que tan solo 2 murieron&#46; De los 16 pacientes que se operaron y sobrevivieron tan solo un paciente desarroll&#243; una infecci&#243;n del sitio operatorio &#40;ISO&#41; asociada a la realizaci&#243;n de una craniectom&#237;a para esquirlectom&#237;a y drenaje de hematoma&#59; por otro lado otro paciente &#40;1&#41; desarroll&#243; una ISO asociada a otro tipo de cirug&#237;a&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabla 4</a>&#44; se muestran los datos de estancia hospitalaria y complicaciones&#46; La duraci&#243;n de la estancia hospitalaria fue m&#225;s prolongada en los pacientes que sobrevivieron con una estancia promedio de 7 d&#237;as &#40;RIQ 5 &#8211; 12&#44;5&#41;&#44; mientras que los pacientes que fallecieron tuvieron una estancia promedio de un d&#237;a &#40;RIQ 0 &#8211; 1&#41;&#46; Por otra parte&#44; los requerimientos de Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos &#40;UCI&#41; fueron mayores en los pacientes que sobrevivieron &#40;88&#44;5&#37;&#41; versus &#40;60&#44;5&#37;&#41; en quienes fallecieron &#40;p&#61;0&#44;002&#41;&#46; Al igual que la estancia hospitalaria&#44; la estancia en UCI fue mayor en aquellos que sobrevivieron&#44; con un promedio de 5 d&#237;as &#40;RIQ 2 &#8211; 9&#41;&#44; contra un d&#237;a &#40;RIQ 1 &#8211; 1&#41; en aquellos pacientes que fallecieron &#40;p&#61;0&#44;0002&#41;&#46; Los requerimientos de ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica fueron mayores en el grupo de pacientes fallecidos con un 96&#44;2&#37; del total de pacientes&#44; comparado con un 63&#37; de los pacientes que sobrevivieron &#40;p&#61;0&#44;002&#41;&#46; Entre los sobrevivientes se presentaron infecciones asociadas a los cuidados de la salud&#58; 3&#44;8&#37;&#44; ISO &#40;p&#61;0&#44;502&#41;&#44; 11&#44;5&#37; neumon&#237;a asociada al ventilador &#40;p&#61;0&#44;033&#41;&#44; 3&#44;8&#37; infecci&#243;n de v&#237;as urinarias asociada a cat&#233;ter &#40;p&#61;0&#44;502&#41;&#44; 1&#44;9&#37; bacteriemia &#40;p&#62;0&#44;99&#41; y 5&#44;8&#37; otras infecciones nosocomiales &#40;osteomielitis&#47;traque&#237;tis&#41; &#40;p&#61;0&#44;249&#41;&#46; El 86&#44;5&#37; de los pacientes que sobrevivieron &#40;n&#61;45&#41; recibieron manejo con antibi&#243;tico profil&#225;ctico por lesi&#243;n&#44; hayan sido o no intervenidos quir&#250;rgicamente versus el 17&#44;1&#37; &#40;n&#61;7&#41; de los fallecidos&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Desenlace cl&#237;nico adverso</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finalmente&#44; se analiz&#243; &#250;nicamente el grupo de supervivientes respecto a la escala GOSE al egreso &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabla 5</a>&#41;&#46; Se dividi&#243; en dos grupos&#58; aquellos con discapacidad severa y moderada &#40;3-6&#41; quienes fueron considerados como resultados cl&#237;nicos adversos y aquellos con buenos resultados cl&#237;nicos &#40;7-8&#41;&#46; Dentro de las variables que se compararon se encontr&#243; que el 52&#44;4&#37; de los pacientes con GOSE entre 3-6 ten&#237;an apertura parcialmente cerrada de las cisternas de la base mientras que los pacientes con un GOSE entre 7-8 el 84&#37; presentaron apertura completa de las cisternas de la base&#46; Por otra parte&#44; el APACHE II fue menor en los pacientes con GOSE 7-8 con un promedio de 8 &#40;RIQ 6 &#8211; 13&#41;&#44; comparado con aquellos pacientes con un GOSE de 3-6 cuyo promedio fue de 11 &#40;RIQ 9 &#8211; 13&#41;&#46; Para el resto de variables evaluadas&#44; no se encontraron diferencias estad&#237;sticamente significativas &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabla 4</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a> se muestra la curva de sobrevida de Kaplan-Meier&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A diferencia de la epidemiolog&#237;a observada en otros estudios&#44; en donde la mitad de las muertes por TCE por HPAF se deben a suicidios&#44; en nuestro estudio la proporci&#243;n m&#225;s alta de pacientes sufrieron esta lesi&#243;n en el contexto de violencia interpersonal&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; encontramos como tercera causa las lesiones accidentales lo cual coincide con la literatura revisada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19-21</span></a>&#46; Se puede evidenciar que tanto en nuestro estudio como en la literatura&#44; la mayor incidencia de estas lesiones se presenta en hombres y en poblaci&#243;n joven con una media de edad entre los 28 a 30 a&#241;os<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20-28</span></a>&#46; Las lesiones en esta poblaci&#243;n que se encuentra en edad laboral&#44; pueden producir incapacidad para valerse por s&#237; mismos&#44; para desarrollar actividades de la vida diaria y de ejercer un trabajo lo cual genera grandes p&#233;rdidas a nivel socioecon&#243;mico para el pa&#237;s&#46; No hay diferencia en la presente serie respecto a la literatura en cuanto al tiempo de llegada &#40;1 hora&#41; ni al m&#233;todo de transporte&#44; siendo el m&#225;s com&#250;n la ambulancia medicalizada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Muchos factores han sido evaluados para definir cu&#225;les dan mayores riesgos de resultados adversos al egreso y muerte en pacientes con TCE debido a HPAF&#46; Hay reportes que refieren que una presi&#243;n arterial sist&#243;lica menor a 90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg al ingreso&#44; es un factor de mal pron&#243;stico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;25</span></a>&#44; sin embargo&#44; en nuestro estudio no se vio una asociaci&#243;n estad&#237;sticamente significativa entre la presi&#243;n arterial de ingreso y la mortalidad&#46; La mortalidad relacionada con el GCS es similar a la reportada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;24&#44;26&#44;29</span></a>&#46; Debido a que la mayor&#237;a de los pacientes que fallecieron lo hicieron en las primeras 24 h&#44; se asume que este per&#237;odo de tiempo es cr&#237;tico para definir el pron&#243;stico del paciente y el requerimiento de intervenciones m&#233;dico-quir&#250;rgicas agresivas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20-22&#44;30</span></a>&#46; Se puede ver c&#243;mo en pa&#237;ses en v&#237;a de desarrollo como la India&#44; la mortalidad es mucho mayor y alcanza hasta un 87&#44;69&#37;&#44; con una mayor mortalidad en el traslado a los centros m&#233;dicos&#44; lo que podr&#237;a indicar que el pron&#243;stico es influenciado por los recursos econ&#243;micos del pa&#237;s donde ocurran los sucesos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Un estudio de 107 casos por Ozkan et al&#46; muestra una mortalidad de tan solo el 21&#37;&#59; al analizar la distribuci&#243;n del GCS de ingreso se puede ver que 35 pacientes presentaban un GCS entre 5-7&#44; de los cuales murieron el 37&#37; y 3 presentaban un GCS de 3 de los cuales el 100&#37; muri&#243;&#59; esto reforzar&#237;a lo encontrado por este estudio&#44; a un menor GCS se presenta una mayor mortalidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Otra variable de mal pron&#243;stico es una respuesta pupilar alterada&#44; la cual suele estar presente en el 50 &#8211; 60&#37; de pacientes con TCE por HPAF&#46; Coincidimos con reportes previos en este aspecto<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;26&#44;30&#44;32</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las HPAF en cr&#225;neo se consideran heridas contaminadas&#44; tienen tejido cerebral desvitalizado y fragmentos de hueso retenidos que act&#250;an como focos infecciosos&#44; por este motivo estos pacientes requieren profilaxis antibi&#243;tica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;21</span></a>&#46; La principal complicaci&#243;n infecciosa tras un procedimiento quir&#250;rgico es la infecci&#243;n del sitio operatorio&#46; En el siglo XX se reportaron incidencias entre el 5 y el 23&#37;&#46; En este estudio se evidencia una baja incidencia con tan solo un 3&#44;8&#37; en comparaci&#243;n con lo reportado en la literatura&#44; teniendo en cuenta que a la gran mayor&#237;a de los pacientes no se les realiz&#243; cirug&#237;a&#46; Otro tipo de infecciones documentadas son las del sistema nervioso central&#44; las cuales acarrean una alta tasa de mortalidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;21</span></a>&#59; en este estudio no se present&#243; ninguna en los 95 pacientes&#46; Los pacientes que murieron tuvieron una estancia hospitalaria media de un d&#237;a&#44; raz&#243;n por la cual no alcanzaron a desarrollar infecci&#243;n&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Diversos estudios encontraron como factores de mal pron&#243;stico la lesi&#243;n del sistema ventricular y la lesi&#243;n de ambos hemisferios&#46; Estos dos factores no fueron comparados directamente entre los casos de mortalidad y los sobrevivientes en nuestro estudio&#44; sin embargo&#44; podr&#237;a correlacionar estos hallazgos con puntajes de Marshall<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;20&#44;22&#44;26&#44;27</span></a> entre III y IV&#44; los cuales indican lesi&#243;n difusa con edema cerebral uni- o bilateral y estaban presentes en mayor medida en los pacientes que fallecieron&#46; Puntajes de Marshall de VI se correlacionan con alta mortalidad&#44; lo que podr&#237;a explicarse por la presencia de hematomas no drenados los cuales son un factor de mal pron&#243;stico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;26</span></a>&#46; Se ha visto que los pacientes que logran sobrevivir suelen cursar con una funcionalidad moderada a buena cuando se les realiza seguimiento con la escala de GOSE<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;22&#44;24</span></a>&#46; Esto se pudo evidenciar en nuestro estudio donde el 54&#44;1&#37; del total de pacientes&#44; obtuvo un puntaje de 7 u 8 &#40;recuperaci&#243;n completa sin d&#233;ficit&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Al cruzar los datos de mortalidad con el ISS&#44; podemos observar que aquellos pacientes que presentaron un ISS m&#225;s alto&#44; se asociaron a mayor mortalidad&#44; es decir que aquellos pacientes con m&#225;s de un sistema comprometido&#44; tuvieron un riesgo mayor de fallecer<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a>&#46; En cuanto al pron&#243;stico&#44; tras el egreso&#44; en esta serie se observaron dos factores estad&#237;sticamente significativos&#58; la oclusi&#243;n de las cisternas basales y un score APACHE II mayor&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Conclusiones</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La mortalidad secundaria a TCE penetrante por HPAF es elevada&#44; principalmente en pa&#237;ses en v&#237;a de desarrollo&#44; como Colombia&#46; Se debe identificar tempranamente qu&#233; pacientes pueden tener un pron&#243;stico neurol&#243;gico favorable con el fin de intensificar las medidas terap&#233;uticas en estos y as&#237; mejorar el pron&#243;stico neurol&#243;gico y disminuir la morbimortalidad&#46; Hacen falta estudios adicionales&#44; para caracterizar apropiadamente a los pacientes que pueden presentar un mejor pron&#243;stico neurol&#243;gico o que requerir&#225;n de intervenciones m&#225;s agresivas posterior a un TCE secundario a HPAF&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Agradecimientos</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Agradecemos la colaboraci&#243;n de las Dras&#46; Maria Alejandra Posada y Sara Loaiza-Osorio en la redacci&#243;n del manuscrito</p></span></span>"
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            0 => "Trauma craneoencef&#225;lico"
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    "resumen" => array:2 [
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Este estudio busca describir casos de trauma craneoencef&#225;lico debido a heridas por proyectil de arma de fuego&#44; en poblaci&#243;n civil mayor de 18 a&#241;os&#44; atendidos en un hospital de referencia y realizar una comparaci&#243;n de los pacientes de acuerdo a los resultados cl&#237;nicos al egreso&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se trata de un estudio descriptivo&#44; observacional&#44; retrospectivo a trav&#233;s de la revisi&#243;n de historias cl&#237;nicas de los pacientes mayores de 18 a&#241;os que ingresaron en la sala de urgencias de la Fundaci&#243;n Valle del Lili en Cali&#44; Colombia con trauma craneoencef&#225;lico secundario a heridas por proyectil de arma de fuego&#44; en contexto civil&#44; entre enero del 2010 y febrero del 2016&#46; Se realiz&#243; un an&#225;lisis univariado para determinar factores asociados a muerte y resultados cl&#237;nicos adversos&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluy&#243; un total de 95 pacientes con trauma craneoencef&#225;lico por heridas por proyectil de arma de fuego en el contexto civil&#46; El 91&#44;6&#37; fue de sexo masculino&#44; el principal contexto fue violencia interpersonal en un 54&#44;7&#37;&#44; el m&#233;todo de transporte m&#225;s com&#250;n fue ambulancia terrestre en un 79&#37;&#44; el puntaje de Glasgow &#40;GCS&#41; al ingreso fue 3-8 &#61; 64&#44;2&#37;&#59; 9-12 &#61; 6&#44;3&#37;&#59; 13-15&#61;28&#44;4&#37;&#46; Al ingreso se le tom&#243; TAC simple a 82 &#40;86&#44;3&#37;&#41; pacientes dentro de la primera hora&#44; encontrando una clasificaci&#243;n de Marshall entre I-III en 60&#44;9&#37;&#44; un valor de IV en el 17&#44;8&#37; y entre V-VI en un 4&#44;1&#37;&#46; La trayectoria era penetrante no transfixiante en el 43&#44;2&#37;&#44; transfixiante en el 27&#44;4&#37; y tangencial en el 9&#44;5&#37;&#46; La mortalidad fue del 45&#44;3&#37;&#44; de esta 39&#37; ocurri&#243; en las primeras 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Un mayor compromiso en el estado general del paciente al ingreso determina un pobre pron&#243;stico y mayor probabilidad de muerte en las primeras 24 h&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objective</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study aims to describe cases of traumatic brain injury due to gunshot wounds in civilian population over 18 years of age&#44; treated at a referral hospital in Cali&#44; Colombia and compare the clinical outcomes at discharge&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An observational&#44; descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted by retrospectively collecting clinical data related to adult patients that presented traumatic brain injury due to civil gunshot-wounds and that consulted to the emergency room at Fundaci&#243;n Valle del Lili Hospital in Cali&#44; Colombia between January 2010 and February of 2016&#46; A univariate analysis was performed to determine factors associated with death and adverse clinical outcomes&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 95 patients older than 18 years&#44; with traumatic brain injury by gunshot were included in the civil context&#46; The 91&#46;6&#37; were male&#46; The main context was interpersonal violence with 54&#46;7&#37;&#46; The most common method of transportation was by ambulance &#40;79&#37;&#41;&#46; The Glasgow score at admission was 3-8 in 64&#46;2&#37; of cases&#59; 9-12 in 6&#46;32&#37; and 13-15 in 28&#46;4&#37;&#46; On admission&#44; head CT scan was performed in 82 &#40;86&#46;3&#37;&#41; patients within the first hour&#44; finding a Marshall-Score between I-III in 60&#46;9&#37;&#44; of IV in 17&#46;8&#37; of cases and a score between V-VI and in 4&#46;1&#37;&#46; The trajectory was non-transfixing penetrating in 43&#46;2&#37;&#44; transfixing in 27&#46;3&#37; and tangential in 9&#46;5&#37;&#46; Mortality was 45&#46;3&#37; in total&#44; 39&#37; died within the first 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A major compromise on admission determines an overall poorer prognosis and a high likelihood of death in the first 24-hours&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Intencionalidad</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Accidental&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13 &#40;13&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Autoinflingido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;5&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Violencia interpersonal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">52 &#40;54&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Se desconoce&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25 &#40;26&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#233;todo de transporte al hospital</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ambulancia terrestre&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">75 &#40;78&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Coche de polic&#237;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4 &#40;4&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Coche particular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#40;2&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ambulancia a&#233;rea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6 &#40;6&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Se desconoce&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;8&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tiempo de llegada al hospital &#40;horas</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;1-2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Puntaje ISS al ingreso</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">48 &#40;22-75&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Escala de Glasgow al ingreso</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">61 &#40;64&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9 - 12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6 &#40;6&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13 -15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">27 &#40;28&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Se desconoce&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;1&#44;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Intubaci&#243;n orotraqueal previa</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">60 &#40;63&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">31 &#40;32&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Se desconoce&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4 &#40;4&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Toma de TAC al ingreso</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">82 &#40;86&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Clasificaci&#243;n de MARSHALL</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>I&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;9&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>II&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">26 &#40;27&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>III&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23 &#40;24&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">17 &#40;17&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>V&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;1&#44;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>VI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3 &#40;3&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Se desconoce&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16 &#40;16&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trayectoria del proyectil</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Penetrante no transfixiante&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">41 &#40;43&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Transfixiante&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">26 &#40;27&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tangencial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;9&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Se desconoce&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19 &#40;20&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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                0 => "xTab1838580.png"
              ]
            ]
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Perfil demogr&#225;fico y cl&#237;nico de la poblaci&#243;n estudiada</p>"
        ]
      ]
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        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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            "detalle" => "Tabla "
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        "tabla" => array:1 [
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Datos al egreso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GOSE al egreso</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">43 &#40;45&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;1&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#40;2&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7 &#40;7&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#40;2&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;8&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6 &#40;6&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">26 &#40;27&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Muerte &#40;total&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">52 &#40;54&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">43 &#40;45&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mortalidad general y estado al egreso</p>"
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        "detalles" => array:1 [
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            "detalle" => "Tabla "
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sobrevivientes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Fallecidos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Valor de p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GCS ingreso</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;51&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;43&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#44;001</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3-8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19 &#40;37&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">42 &#40;97&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9-12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;9&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;2&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13-15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">27 &#40;52&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ISS</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#44;001</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Puntaje promedio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">26&#44;5 &#40;11-43&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">75 &#40;75-75&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">APACHE II</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#44;001</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Puntaje promedio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10 &#40;8-15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20 &#40;17-23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Examen pupilar</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;50&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">n&#61;42&#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#44;001</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Isocoria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">42 &#40;84&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;21&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Anisocoria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6 &#40;12&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14 &#40;33&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Midriasis bilateral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#40;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19 &#40;45&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Reflejo pupilar</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;51&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;42&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#44;001</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Respuesta unilateral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;9&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30 &#40;71&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Respuesta bilateral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;15&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;11&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sin respuesta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">38 &#40;74&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7 &#40;16&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Presi&#243;n arterial media</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">0&#44;162</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Presi&#243;n arterial media &#40;PAM&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">124 &#40;114-137&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">120 &#40;90-139&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Intubaci&#243;n</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;52&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;43&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">0&#44;001</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No requirieron o necesidad de reintubaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">41 &#40;78&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20 &#40;46&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Intubados en urgencias&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11 &#40;21&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23 &#40;53&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Marshall</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">n&#61;50&#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">n&#61;29&#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="top">0&#44;016</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>I-II-III&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">42 &#40;84&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16 &#40;55&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;10&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12 &#40;41&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>V-VI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3 &#40;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;3&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Craniectom&#237;a</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;52&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;43&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">0&#44;055</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">43 &#40;82&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">41 &#40;95&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;17&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#40;4&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Esquirlectom&#237;a</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;51&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;42&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">0&#44;001</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">40 &#40;78&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">42 &#40;100&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11 &#40;21&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variables</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Muerte</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Valor de p</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No&#44; n&#61;52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Duraci&#243;n estancia hospitalaria</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#44;001</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>D&#237;as promedio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;0-1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Requerimiento de UCI</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">n&#61;52&#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">n&#61;43&#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">0&#44;002</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total pacientes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">46 &#40;88&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">26 &#40;60&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Estancia en UCI</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">0&#44;0002</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>D&#237;as promedio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;2-9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;1-1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">n&#61;46&#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">n&#61;26&#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">0&#44;002</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total pacientes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">29 &#40;63&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25 &#40;96&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Infecci&#243;n del sitio operatorio &#40;ISO&#41;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">n&#61;52&#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">n&#61;41&#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">0&#44;502</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total pacientes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#40;3&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Neumon&#237;a</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;52&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;41&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">0&#44;033</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total pacientes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6 &#40;11&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Infecci&#243;n del tracto urinario &#40;ITU&#41; asociada a cat&#233;ter</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;52&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;41&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">0&#44;502</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total pacientes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#40;3&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Infecci&#243;n del torrente sangu&#237;neo asociada a cat&#233;teres intravenosos</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;52&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;41&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">&#62;0&#44;99</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total pacientes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;1&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Otra infecci&#243;n nosocomial</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;52&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;41&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">0&#44;249</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total pacientes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3 &#40;5&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Antibi&#243;tico profil&#225;ctico</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;52&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n&#61;41&#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#44;001</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total pacientes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">45 &#40;86&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7 &#40;17&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variables</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Resultado cl&#237;nico adverso</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Valor de P</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">S&#237;&#40;n&#61;22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7 &#40;26&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9-12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4 &#40;19&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;3&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13-15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">18 &#40;69&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Marshall</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">n&#61;22&#40;&#37;&#41;</span></span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;539&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                            0 => "B&#46;S&#46; Selden"
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Información del artículo
ISSN: 11301473
Idioma original: Español
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2023 Marzo 7 1 8
2019 Julio 2 0 2
2019 Enero 1 2 3
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