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    "titulo" => "First illustrations of female “Neurosurgeons” in the fifteenth century by Serefeddin Sabuncuoglu"
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        "titulo" => "Primeras ilustraciones de una mujer &#8220;Neurocirujano&#8221; en el siglo XV&#44; por Serefeddin Sabuncuoglu"
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        "titulo" => "Summary"
        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Males have dominated medicine for many centuries&#46; Females could not appear in the medical history equally till the end of the 18<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> century&#59; although they always have been in medicine as healers&#46; It is worth mentioning that first illustrations indicating female surgeons were found in the book written in Turkish by Serefeddin Sabuncuoglu in the 15th century&#59; while Europe was newly waking up from its dark ages and Middle East was under the influence of strict rules of Arabic and Islamic culture&#46; Serefeddin Sabuncuoglu &#40;1385&#8211;1470&#41; was the author of the first illustrated surgical textbook Cerrahiyyetu&#8217;l-Haniyye &#40;Imperial surgery&#41; in Turkish Literature&#46;</p><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Inside miniatures drawn by Serefeddin Sabuncuoglu indicated that the female surgeons&#44; acknowledged &#8220;Tabibe&#8221;&#44; had been allowed to practice alone in Anatolia&#46; Tabibes are illustrated in the miniatures practicing on the management of dead foetus with foetal hydrocephalus and macrocephalus which were the first clues by means of Turkish women in Neurosurgery&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los hombres han dominado la medicina durante muchos siglos&#46; Las mujeres no aparecen en la historia de la medicina hasta el final del siglo XVIII&#44; aunque siempre han estado en la medicina como curanderas&#46; Vale la pena mencionar que las primeras ilustraciones que indican la presencia de mujeres en la cirug&#237;a se encontraron en un libro escrito en turco por Serefeddin Sabuncuoglu en el siglo XV&#44; mientras Europa todav&#237;a despertaba de la oscuridad y el Oriente Medio estaba bajo la influencia de las estrictas reglas de la cultura Ar&#225;biga e Isl&#225;mica&#46; Serefeddin Sabuncuoglu &#40;1385&#8211;1470&#41; fue el autor del primer texto quir&#250;rgico ilustrado Cerrahiyyetu&#8217;l-Haniyye &#40;Cirug&#237;a Imperial&#41; en Literatura Turca&#46; Las miniaturas dibujadas por Sereffeddin Sabuncuoglu indicaban que las mujeres cirujanos&#44; conocidas como &#8220;Tabibe&#8221;&#44; estaban autorizadas para practicar s&#243;lo en Anatolia&#46; Se ilustra&#44; en miniaturas&#44; c&#243;mo las Tabibes actuaban en el tratamiento de fetos muertos con hidrocefalia y macrocefalia que fueron&#44; por supuesto&#44; los primeros datos de mujeres turcas en la Neurocirug&#237;a&#46;</p>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Bademci&#44; G&#46;&#58; First illustrations of female &#8220;Neurosurgeons&#8221; in the fifteenth century by Serefeddin Sabuncuoglu&#46; Neurocirug&#237;a 2006&#59; 17&#58; 162&#8211;165&#46;</p>"
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First illustrations of female “Neurosurgeons” in the fifteenth century by Serefeddin Sabuncuoglu
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