array:24 [
  "pii" => "S252984962200106X"
  "issn" => "25298496"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.neucie.2022.10.002"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2023-09-01"
  "aid" => "569"
  "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neurocirugía"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2022"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Neurocirugia. 2023;34:247-55"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:1 [
    "total" => 0
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "en" => array:19 [
      "pii" => "S1130147322000999"
      "issn" => "11301473"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.neucir.2022.10.001"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2023-09-01"
      "aid" => "569"
      "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neurocirugía"
      "documento" => "article"
      "crossmark" => 1
      "subdocumento" => "fla"
      "cita" => "Neurocirugia. 2023;34:247-55"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => false
        "ES2" => false
        "LATM" => false
      ]
      "gratuito" => false
      "lecturas" => array:1 [
        "total" => 0
      ]
      "en" => array:13 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Clinical research</span>"
        "titulo" => "Posterior-only approach in patients with poor general condition and spinal metastatic vertebral fracture"
        "tienePdf" => "en"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
        "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
          0 => "en"
          1 => "es"
        ]
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "247"
            "paginaFinal" => "255"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "es" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Corpectom&#237;a con abordaje solo posterior en pacientes con mal estado general y fractura vertebral metast&#225;sica espinal"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
          "en" => true
          "es" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "en" => true
        ]
        "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
          "original" => 0
          "multimedia" => array:7 [
            "identificador" => "fig0005"
            "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 1"
            "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
            "mostrarFloat" => true
            "mostrarDisplay" => false
            "figura" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
                "Alto" => 1500
                "Ancho" => 1340
                "Tamanyo" => 236638
              ]
            ]
            "descripcion" => array:1 [
              "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#40;Case 1&#41; 57 years old male with L2 lung carcinoma metastasis&#46; &#40;a&#41;&#46; Preoperative gadolinium-enhanced sagital and axial T2 lumbar MRI sections&#46; &#40;b&#41;&#46; Preoperative axial&#44; and sagittal thoracolumbar CT sections&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "Mustafa Onur Ulu, Mehmet Yigit Akgun, Orkhan Alizada, Eren Fatma Akcil, Tufan Agah Kartum, Murat Hanci"
            "autores" => array:6 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Mustafa Onur"
                "apellidos" => "Ulu"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Mehmet Yigit"
                "apellidos" => "Akgun"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Orkhan"
                "apellidos" => "Alizada"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Eren Fatma"
                "apellidos" => "Akcil"
              ]
              4 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Tufan Agah"
                "apellidos" => "Kartum"
              ]
              5 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Murat"
                "apellidos" => "Hanci"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "S252984962200106X"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.neucie.2022.10.002"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => false
            "ES2" => false
            "LATM" => false
          ]
          "gratuito" => false
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S252984962200106X?idApp=UINPBA00004B"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130147322000999?idApp=UINPBA00004B"
      "url" => "/11301473/0000003400000005/v1_202309041031/S1130147322000999/v1_202309041031/en/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:17 [
    "pii" => "S2529849623000333"
    "issn" => "25298496"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.neucie.2022.11.025"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2023-09-01"
    "aid" => "571"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Neurocirugia. 2023;34:256-67"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "en" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Clinical Research</span>"
      "titulo" => "Intradural extramedullary tumors&#46; Retrospective cohort study assessing prognostic factors for functional outcome in adult patients"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "256"
          "paginaFinal" => "267"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Tumores intradurales-extramedulares&#46; Estudio retrospectivo de cohorte valorando factores predictores de &#171;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outcome</span>&#187; en pacientes adultos"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0020"
          "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 4"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 2610
              "Ancho" => 2140
              "Tamanyo" => 169403
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distribution of pre and postoperative McCormick score results&#46; At the last evaluation&#44; 96&#37; of patients had McCormick grades less than 3&#46; 90&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>183&#41; of patients improved preoperative McCormick score&#44; 8&#46;8&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18&#41; remained stable&#44; and less than 2&#37; worsened their neurological status &#40;3 patients&#41;&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Mauro Ruella, Guido Caffaratti, Amparo Saenz, Facundo Villamil, Rub&#233;n Mormandi, Andr&#233;s Cervio"
          "autores" => array:6 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Mauro"
              "apellidos" => "Ruella"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Guido"
              "apellidos" => "Caffaratti"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Amparo"
              "apellidos" => "Saenz"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Facundo"
              "apellidos" => "Villamil"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Rub&#233;n"
              "apellidos" => "Mormandi"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Andr&#233;s"
              "apellidos" => "Cervio"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2529849623000333?idApp=UINPBA00004B"
    "url" => "/25298496/0000003400000005/v1_202309042000/S2529849623000333/v1_202309042000/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S2529849622001058"
    "issn" => "25298496"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.neucie.2022.09.004"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2023-09-01"
    "aid" => "568"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Neurocirug&#237;a"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Neurocirugia. 2023;34:238-46"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "es" => array:14 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Investigaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica</span>"
      "titulo" => "Utilidad de la monitorizaci&#243;n neurofisiol&#243;gica intraoperatoria como valor pron&#243;stico de la par&#225;lisis facial posquir&#250;rgica en schwannomas vestibulares"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
      "tieneResumen" => array:3 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "es"
        2 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "238"
          "paginaFinal" => "246"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Utility of the intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring as a prognostic value of postoperative facial paresis in vestibul<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ar schwannomas</span>"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig1"
          "etiqueta" => "Figura 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1992
              "Ancho" => 2508
              "Tamanyo" => 445343
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "es" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Registro de CoMEP&#46; El registro de cada m&#250;sculo en el per&#237;odo inicial y final de la cirug&#237;a&#46; Los registros se&#241;alados con flechas blancas corresponden a los registros del final del tiempo quir&#250;rgico&#46; A&#41; Registro de potenciales motores sin variaci&#243;n durante la cirug&#237;a&#46; B&#41; Registro patol&#243;gico en el que puede observarse la ca&#237;da de amplitud de los potenciales en la monitorizaci&#243;n al finalizar la cirug&#237;a respecto al registro inicial&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Luis Torres-Carretero, &#193;lvaro Otero-Rodr&#237;guez, Mar&#237;a Victoria Alejos-Herrera, Gemma V&#225;zquez-Casares, Andoni Garc&#237;a-Mart&#237;n, Patricia Alejandra Garrido-Ruiz"
          "autores" => array:6 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Luis"
              "apellidos" => "Torres-Carretero"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "&#193;lvaro"
              "apellidos" => "Otero-Rodr&#237;guez"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Mar&#237;a Victoria"
              "apellidos" => "Alejos-Herrera"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Gemma"
              "apellidos" => "V&#225;zquez-Casares"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Andoni"
              "apellidos" => "Garc&#237;a-Mart&#237;n"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Patricia Alejandra"
              "apellidos" => "Garrido-Ruiz"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "resumen" => array:1 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "titulo" => "Highlights"
          "clase" => "author-highlights"
          "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La variaci&#243;n de amplitud de los CoMEP predice la funci&#243;n facial inmediata&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Un valor umbral<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;35<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mA predice un mal resultado funcional en el 75&#37; de los casos&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No podemos basar el manejo cl&#237;nico en el registro neurofisiol&#243;gico intraoperatorio&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A pesar de un mal registro inicial&#44; los pacientes tienden a mejorar a largo plazo&#46;</p></li></ul></p></span>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S1130147322000987"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.neucir.2022.09.003"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => false
          "ES2" => false
          "LATM" => false
        ]
        "gratuito" => false
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130147322000987?idApp=UINPBA00004B"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2529849622001058?idApp=UINPBA00004B"
    "url" => "/25298496/0000003400000005/v1_202309042000/S2529849622001058/v1_202309042000/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:19 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Clinical research</span>"
    "titulo" => "Posterior-only approach in patients with poor general condition and spinal metastatic vertebral fracture"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "247"
        "paginaFinal" => "255"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Mustafa Onur Ulu, Mehmet Yigit Akgun, Orkhan Alizada, Eren Fatma Akcil, Tufan Kartum, Murat Hanci"
        "autores" => array:6 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Mustafa Onur"
            "apellidos" => "Ulu"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Mehmet Yigit"
            "apellidos" => "Akgun"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "myigitakgun@gmail.com"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Orkhan"
            "apellidos" => "Alizada"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Eren Fatma"
            "apellidos" => "Akcil"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0020"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Tufan"
            "apellidos" => "Kartum"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          5 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Murat"
            "apellidos" => "Hanci"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Department of Neurosurgery&#44; Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine&#44; Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa&#44; Istanbul&#44; Turkey"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Department of Neurosurgery&#44; Koc University Hospital&#44; Istanbul&#44; Turkey"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Department of Neurosurgery&#44; Baskent University Hospital&#44; Istanbul&#44; Turkey"
            "etiqueta" => "c"
            "identificador" => "aff0015"
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Department of Anesthesiology&#44; Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine&#44; Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa&#44; Istanbul&#44; Turkey"
            "etiqueta" => "d"
            "identificador" => "aff0020"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Corresponding author</span>&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Corpectom&#237;a con abordaje solo posterior en pacientes con mal estado general y fractura vertebral metast&#225;sica espinal"
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1348
            "Ancho" => 1676
            "Tamanyo" => 405952
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#40;Case 1 cont&#46;&#41; &#40;a and b&#41;&#46; Postoperative thoracolumbar sagittal&#44; and axial CT sections showing L1&#8211;L3 short fusion and L2 cage replacement&#46; &#40;c&#41;&#46; Intraoperative photo showing the extent of decompression&#44; cage replacement&#44; and instrumentation&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Spinal metastases most commonly affect vertebral bodies&#44; and the spine is the third most common location of metastasis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> The thoracic spine is the target of the majority of spinal metastases &#40;70&#37;&#41;&#44; followed by the lumbar spine &#40;20&#37;&#41; and cervical spine &#40;10&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Clinically&#44; destruction of the vertebral body can lead to signs and symptoms of neurological compromise and instability&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The surgical treatment of spinal metastases is mostly palliative in nature and focuses on improving the quality of life of patients&#46; The primary goals of surgical treatment include pain alleviation&#44; mechanical stabilisation&#44; local tumour control and the preservation or restoration of neurological function&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> For patients with vertebral body compromise&#44; the most common surgical options are decompression and spinal stabilisation&#46; The optimal surgical approach should be less invasive and maximally effective&#59; should take into consideration important details about the pathology itself &#40;progressive&#44; fast proliferation and poor prognosis&#41; as well as the patient-related factors &#40;geriatric population&#44; comorbidities and poor general condition&#41; and provide robust mechanical stabilisation&#46; Moreover&#44; all of these should be achievable in a single session rather than multiple sessions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The posterior transpedicular surgical approach provides circumferential 360&#176; decompression&#44; allows reconstruction and stabilisation to be achieved in a single session and can be performed using an open&#44; mini-open or minimally invasive approach&#46; This technique is effective in neurological improvement and pain alleviation in the management of metastatic spinal disease&#59; using this technique has led to a noticeable reduction in complication rates compared with conventional combined approaches&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#8211;9</span></a> However&#44; surgical treatment for patients with poor general conditions remains controversial&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this study&#44; we present and discuss the surgical technique and outcome for patients with single-level metastatic spinal disease and in poor general condition who underwent surgery via the posterior-only transpedicular corpectomy approach and reconstruction with expandable corpectomy cages&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Materials and methods</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All procedures performed in this study were approved by the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and adheres with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards&#46; Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All patients who underwent a single-stage posterior transpedicular corpectomy were retrospectively reviewed&#46; The study period of interest was from 2015 to 2020&#46; The inclusion criteria were as follows&#58; aged &#8805;18 years&#44; underwent a complete posterior-approach transpedicular corpectomy with expandable cage reconstruction of the anterior spinal column&#44; underwent surgery for a metastatic tumour&#44; had lesions in the thoracolumbar spine &#40;T3-L5&#41; and a Karnofsky<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> score of &#8804;70&#46; All patients were preoperatively evaluated by an oncologist for surgery efficacy and life expectations&#46; Patients with single-level metastases were included in the preoperative period&#59; those with suspected multilevel metastases were excluded&#46; The main factors that were evaluated for the indications of corpectomy included vertebral body collapse and&#47;or &#62;50&#37; vertebral body involvement&#44; potential or definite instability and neurologic status&#46; 61 patients who were operated via transpedicular corpectomy due to oncological disease were examined in detail&#46; Forty-four patients who met the study criteria were included in this study&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Clinical data&#44; including patient age&#44; gender&#44; date of operation&#44; date of final follow-up&#44; tumour histology&#44; preoperative chemotherapy or radiation treatment&#44; follow-up results&#44; surgical complications and preoperative and postoperative ambulatory status based on the American Spinal Injury Association &#40;ASIA&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> impairment scale&#44; were gathered by reviewing the medical records&#46; The prognosis of each individual patient was a key factor in selecting the optimal surgical strategy&#46; Therefore&#44; a modified Tokuhashi scoring system was used&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> The patients were categorised into three groups according to their Tokuhashi scores&#58; scores of 0&#8211;8 &#40;predicted survival<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6 months&#41;&#59; scores of 9&#8211;11 &#40;predicted survival<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6 months&#41; and scores of 12&#8211;15 &#40;predicted survival<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 months&#41;&#46; Survival was recorded as the number of days after surgery until death&#46; Additionally&#44; pre-and postoperative pain clinical outcomes were assessed using the visual analogue scale &#40;VAS&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Pre-and postoperative VAS scores were obtained at the first clinical follow-up&#46; Pain was classified as severe &#40;VAS score 7&#8211;10&#41;&#44; moderate &#40;VAS score 5&#8211;6&#41;&#44; or mild &#40;VAS score 0&#8211;4&#41;&#46; Neurologic status was evaluated preoperatively&#44; at discharge from the hospital and at the last follow-up&#46; Patient characteristics and data are listed in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0005">Tables 1&#8211;3</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All patients were thoroughly evaluated preoperatively using a multidisciplinary approach&#46; Direct radiography&#44; computed tomography &#40;CT&#41; and magnetic resonance imaging &#40;MRI&#41; were used for all patients to determine the extent of the spinal canal compromise&#44; including cord contusion and posterior ligamentous complex damage&#46; Spinal stability was evaluated using the spinal neoplastic instability score &#40;SINS&#41; in all patients before the stabilisation decision was taken&#46; Based on this score&#44; patients were divided into three groups&#58; stable &#40;0&#8211;6&#41;&#44; indeterminate &#40;7&#8211;12&#41; and unstable &#40;13&#8211;18&#41; groups&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> In addition to this&#44; vertebral body height loss&#44; spinal canal compression ratio&#44; Cobb angle and increased rates of kyphosis were calculated for all patients by evaluating their preoperative and postoperative radiology results&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Surgical procedure</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All patients underwent surgery through a posterior-only approach for a transpedicular corpectomy with cage placement and instrumented fusion&#46; All surgeries cases were performed by the same team using the same technique&#46; All patients were under constant intraoperative neuromonitoring of somatosensory evoked potentials &#40;SSEPs&#41; and motor evoked potentials &#40;MEPs&#41; for the entire duration of the procedure&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> Pedicle screws were inserted at the levels above and below the involved vertebral segment under C-arm&#47;O-arm guidance&#46; Posterior fixation was performed one level above and one level below&#46; However&#44; in some patients&#44; additional screws were proximally and&#47;or distally placed&#44; depending on the preoperative findings &#40;in the transition areas&#44; in case of intraoperative bone quality weakness and in case of doubtful firmness of the stabilisation system&#41;&#46; An O-arm was used in three patients because the small thoracic pedicles&#46; The C-arm-guided surgery was performed for the remaining patients&#46; At the affected level&#44; laminectomy was carefully performed to expose the dura&#46; With the dura in direct view&#44; the inferior articular process&#44; along with the superior articular processes&#44; pars interarticularis and pedicles was drilled or rongeured out&#46; The relevant disc spaces&#44; pedicles and nerve roots were revealed&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Because of spinal instability&#44; a temporary rod was placed on one side after the posterior complex removal procedure to provide sufficient stabilisation against the instability caused by posterior complex decompression and to protect neurologic tissue from damage&#46; We preferred the trap-door rib-head osteotomy<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> using a matchstick-type burr&#46; Corpectomy and microdiscectomies were performed through the transpedicular corridor&#46; The posterior longitudinal ligament &#40;PLL&#41; was carefully dissected from the ventral dura as it is often filled with tumours and leaving the PLL can lead to immediate recurrence&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After corpectomy and the removal of the posterior elements&#44; the length of the cage was determined using a surgical wing compass so that the cage can fit properly onto the upper and lower endplates of the adjacent vertebrae&#46; For optimum weight-bearing&#44; the width of the cage should not be less than three-fifths of the removed vertebrae&#46; The compressed expandable titanium cage filled with an autograft and&#47;or allograft&#44; placed in the space between adjacent nerve roots&#46; The fusion rates of different types of allografts versus autografts are a controversial issue&#46; Moreover&#44; we used demineralized bone matrix &#40;DBM&#41; only in three cases due to its high cost and inavailability&#46; Although not preferred&#44; it might be necessary to sacrifice the ipsilateral nerve root for ideal cage replacement&#46; The position of the cage was confirmed under fluoroscopy&#44; and the cage was expanded until it was tightly placed between the adjacent vertebrae&#46; It is particularly important to not overexpand the cage&#44; especially when the adjacent endplates are damaged to prevent cage subsidence in the long term&#46; In cases with severe kyphotic deformity&#44; placing the cage as anterior as possible and compressing and fixing the rods after cage replacement may be useful for further correcting the deformity&#46; The transverse processes&#44; facet joints&#44; and laminae of the adjacent stabilised levels were then decorticated&#44; and posterolateral fusion with artificial bone grafts was conducted&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All patients were postoperatively monitored in the intensive care unit for 16&#8211;24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#44; with hourly neurological checks&#46; Postoperative CT was performed for all patients before discharge and during the follow-up period&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Statistical analyses</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The data were analysed using the IBM SPSS 20&#46;0 software &#40;SPSS Inc&#44; Chicago&#44; IL&#44; USA&#41;&#46; Measurement data &#40;age&#44; intraoperative bleeding and operation time&#41; were expressed as their mean&#44; with the minimum and maximum values compared using the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test&#46; Data&#44; such as gender&#44; primary tumour&#44; and neurological assessment&#44; were compared using the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#967;</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>-test&#46; The significance level was set at <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05 for all analyses&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Results</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 44 patients &#40;24 M&#47;20 F&#41; met the inclusion criteria&#46; The age of the patients ranged from 25 to 80 &#40;53&#46;25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>21&#46;26&#41; years&#46; Thoracic vertebral metastasis &#40;most common at T<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span>&#44; followed by T<span class="elsevierStyleInf">12</span>&#41; was identified in 31 patients &#40;70&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#44; whereas lumbar vertebral metastasis &#40;most common at L<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#44; followed by L<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>&#41; was detected in 13 &#40;29&#46;6&#37;&#41; patients&#46; The detailed distribution of the tumour locations was as follows&#58; T<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3&#8211;5</span> &#40;28&#46;45&#37;&#41;&#44; T<span class="elsevierStyleInf">6&#8211;8</span> &#40;27&#46;14&#37;&#41; and T<span class="elsevierStyleInf">9&#8211;12</span> &#40;44&#46;41&#37;&#41; for thoracic metastasis and L<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1&#8211;3</span> &#40;72&#46;7&#37;&#41; and L<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4&#8211;5</span> &#40;27&#46;3&#37;&#41; for lumbar metastasis&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At the time of admission&#44; 10 patients &#40;7 with lung cancer metastases and 3 with breast cancer metastases&#41; &#40;10&#47;44&#44; 22&#46;7&#37;&#41; had a history of local radiotherapy&#46; In addition&#44; 11 &#40;25&#37;&#41; patients had a history of preoperative chemo&#47;hormone therapy&#46; The mean clinical follow-up was 30&#46;8 months and the mean radiographic follow-up was 14&#46;8 months &#40;range&#44; 6&#46;7&#8211;43&#46;9&#41;&#46; Histopathological results revealed lung and breast carcinoma in most patients &#40;69&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#59; prostate carcinoma&#44; germ cell tumour&#44; melanoma&#44; multiple myeloma and kidney and colon carcinoma metastases were also detected&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As per the decision of a multidisciplinary council including radiation oncology&#44; medical oncology&#44; physical therapy and rehabilitation and neurosurgery and based on the primary tumour pathology and behaviour&#44; these patients underwent adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy along with the primary surgical intervention&#46; In the postoperative period&#44; eight &#40;18&#46;1&#37;&#41; patients died before completing adjuvant therapy and seven &#40;15&#46;9&#37;&#41; patients showed recurrence and progression of the primary tumour&#46; Recurrence and spinal cord compression in the operation area were detected in one patient &#40;2&#46;27&#37;&#41;&#46; The median survival time for the eight deceased patients&#44; from the date of procedure to death was 287 days&#46; Some of the cases in this series are illustrated in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">Figs&#46; 1&#8211;4</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Operative data</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All patients underwent surgery as soon as the optimal clinical conditions were met&#46; The average time between the emergence of neurological symptoms and the operation was 15&#46;5 days&#46; The patients were operated on within an average of 7 days after admission&#46; The variability in surgical timing was because of several factors&#44; including medical intervention &#40;use of anticoagulants&#44; systemic pathologies&#41;&#44; patient delays &#40;refusal to undergo surgery&#41; and technical difficulties&#46; The average operating time was 304<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min &#40;range 223&#8211;379&#41;&#44; and the mean blood loss was 2049<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL &#40;range 943&#8211;3421&#41;&#46; Regarding intraoperative monitoring&#44; MEP loss was not observed in any patient&#44; whereas SSEP loss was seen in four patients with thoracic vertebral metastases &#40;4&#47;44&#44; 9&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#46; However&#44; no overt neurological findings were postoperatively detected in those patients&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The decision on the fusion length was based on the tumour location&#44; radiological findings and intraoperative findings&#46; Of the 44 patients&#44; 12 &#40;27&#46;2&#37;&#41; were classified as having indeterminate stability &#40;SINS 7&#8211;12&#41; and 32 &#40;72&#46;3&#37;&#41; were unstable &#40;SINS 13&#8211;18&#41;&#46; No patients were classified as stable &#40;SINS 0&#8211;6&#41;&#46; The median SINS was 13 &#40;range 8&#8211;18&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46; Overall&#44; short segment stabilisation was performed in 30 patients &#40;68&#46;1&#37;&#41; and long-segment stabilisation was performed in 14 &#40;31&#46;9&#37;&#41;&#46; Intraoperatively&#44; the nerve root was sacrificed on the ipsilateral side where the cage was being placed in six patients&#44; and an iatrogenic nerve injury was observed in one patient&#59; all of these were in the thoracic region&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Neurological and functional results</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Preoperative neurological examination revealed that 10 patients &#40;22&#46;7&#37;&#41; had ASIA A with complete loss of motor&#47;sensory and bowel&#47;bladder function below the injury level and 34 patients &#40;77&#46;3&#37;&#41; had incomplete neurologic deficits &#40;ASIA C and D&#41;&#46; No patient was preoperatively neurologically intact &#40;ASIA E&#41;&#46; No postoperative neurological deterioration was observed&#46; Among 44 patients&#44; 35 showed improved neurological function by at least one ASIA grade&#44; whereas 9 patients showed no improvement during the postoperative period&#46; Postoperative VAS scores improved significantly from a preoperative mean of 7&#46;7 to 2&#46;9 postoperatively &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; No patient complained of local pain at the last follow-up&#46; All patients had Karnofsky scores of<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>70 &#40;mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>63&#46;3&#41;&#46; There was also a noticeable increase in the Karnofsky score&#59; the postoperative mean Karnofsky score was 79&#46;6 and was statistically significant &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patient distribution in the three prognostic groups as per the revised Tokuhashi score was as follows&#58; score 0&#8211;8&#44; 5 &#40;11&#46;4&#37;&#41; patients&#59; score 9&#8211;11&#44; 14 &#40;31&#46;8&#37;&#41; patients&#59; and score 12&#8211;15&#44; 25 &#40;56&#46;8&#37;&#41; patients&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Radiological results</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Preoperatively&#44; spinal canal compromise ranged from 24&#37; to 77&#37; &#40;mean 52&#37;&#41; and vertebral body height loss ranged from 29&#37; to 63&#37; &#40;mean 47&#37;&#41;&#46; Significant corrections of kyphosis and vertebral collapse at the level of the pathological fracture were achieved in our cohort&#46; The Cobb angle decreased significantly from 18&#46;6&#176; &#40;range 6&#8211;32&#44; SD 14&#46;2&#41; to 12&#46;8&#176; &#40;range 3&#8211;26&#44; SD 8&#46;9&#41; after surgery &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; The vertebral body height loss ranged from 29&#37; to 63&#37; &#40;mean 48&#37;&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; However&#44; no significant difference was observed between the values postoperatively and at the last follow-up evaluation &#40;63&#8211;61&#37;&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; Stable reconstruction was observed in all patients&#46; This stability was subjectively confirmed by the absence of axial pain and objectively confirmed through CT and dynamic radiography&#46; At the last follow-up visit&#44; no implant-related complications were observed that would require revision&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Complications</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Observed complications included superficial wound infections in three patients &#40;6&#46;81&#37;&#41;&#44; cerebrospinal fluid leakage in two &#40;4&#46;54&#37;&#41;&#44; and pulmonary embolism in one &#40;2&#46;27&#37;&#41;&#46; No deep-tissue infection or revision surgery was performed after the radiotherapy treatment in the postoperative period&#46; The mean time of discharge to rehabilitation or home was 5&#46;5 days&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Discussion</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Spinal metastases occur in 30&#8211;40&#37; of all patients with cancer&#46; Symptomatic spinal metastases most commonly affect the thoracic spine&#44; accounting for up to 60&#8211;80&#37; of all spinal metastasis cases&#46; In certain cancers&#44; such as lung&#44; prostate&#44; breast and melanoma&#44; more than half of the patients develop spinal metastases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#8211;19</span></a> Metastases are usually located in the vertebral body&#44; and the intervertebral disc space is generally not involved&#46; Some metastatic lesions can be radiosensitive&#44; and their final treatment can be achieved by combination systemic therapy&#46; However&#44; neither radiotherapy nor systemic therapy can restore the mechanical stability of the spine&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#8211;22</span></a> For this reason&#44; surgery is an important part of the treatment process for such patients to circumvent the developing instability&#46; In our study&#44; the primary disease and metastases locations were in accordance with the literature&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A corpectomy is often necessary for patients with spinal instability caused by a destructive pathological vertebral body fracture with a neurologic deficit from epidural spinal cord compression&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;24</span></a> Although open surgical methods are typically used in patients with neurological deficits and metastatic compression fractures in the spine&#44; the ideal surgical approach remains controversial&#46; Location&#44; pain&#44; alignment&#44; lesion character &#40;i&#46;e&#46;&#44; osteolysis&#41;&#44; vertebral body collapse&#44; and posterior element involvement are included among the main factors when choosing the operation indication and the surgical procedure&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;21</span></a> Notably&#44; the most common symptom among patients was pain&#46; In the literature&#44; corpectomies in the thoracolumbar region can be performed via the anterior&#44; posterior&#44; or combined approaches&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25&#44;26</span></a> Considering the general clinical condition of the patients&#44; we chose to perform minimal posterior-only transpedicular corpectomy&#44; as the surgical intervention&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Discussing the patient&#39;s surveillance using a multidisciplinary approach is the most important stage for this group&#46; Although Karnofsky scores were low and SINS scores were high in our cohort&#44; the patients had relatively high Tokuhashi scores&#46; In a patient with spinal metastasis&#44; systematic chemotherapeutics and radiotherapy may have negative effects on the patient&#39;s quality of life&#46; Treatment of patients with metabolic and systemic disorders in the most minimal way will help to quickly increase their general living standards&#46; Conventional transthoracic and thoracoabdominal approaches are extensive procedures that are included in their own surgical field&#46; Although open thoracotomy offers clear ventral visualisation of the thoracic spine&#44; it carries the risk of complications&#44; such as haemothorax&#44; chylothorax&#44; pleural effusion&#44; atelectasis&#44; and pulmonary contusion&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> Lateral lumbar corpectomy has also been described in the literature&#59; however&#44; severe complications and difficulties secondary to scar and adhesion tissue can be seen&#44; especially due to previous surgeries on the renal region&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this study&#44; we demonstrate that a single-stage posterior transpedicular corpectomy can produce satisfactory clinical and radiological results in metastatic destructive fractures&#46; As a result&#44; in metastatic fractures&#44; delivering both circumferential decompression and stabilisation with a single-stage operation becomes important&#46; It has been recently acknowledged that the posterior transpedicular corpectomy approach is preferable in well-selected cases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29&#44;30</span></a></p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lateral extra cavitary applications were expanded to include multilevel corpectomies with the use of expandable cages&#46; However&#44; increase in subsidence rates due to these cages have been reported in the literature&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> This observed low rate of subsidence in our series is related to the fact that&#44; posterior instrumentation at the thoracolumbar level was performed in all cases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a></p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Stability ratios obtained using different approaches have been examined in detail in the literature&#46; We believe that the low need for long-segment posterior instrumentation is another advantage of this technique&#46; The results obtained in the clinical and radiological follow-up of our cases indicate that the current surgical approach is more than sufficient&#44; especially in cases of metastatic destructive thoracolumbar cases&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Conventional open methods and minimally invasive interventions in vertebral metastases have been compared in the literature recently&#46; There were no significant differences between the two methods in terms of recovery and complications&#46; Nevertheless&#44; the minimally invasive spinal surgery &#40;MISS&#41; group showed a clear and significant improvement in terms of blood loss&#44; surgery duration&#44; and bed rest length&#44; which is associated with a more rapid functional recovery and discharge from the hospital&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29&#44;33&#44;34</span></a> However&#44; when our technique and the literature on minimally invasive interventions were compared&#44; there were no difference in the length of hospital stay and rapid recovery&#44; but the average amount of bleeding was higher&#46; Our approach is a good alternative because it is a posterior-only approach&#44; is completed in a single session&#44; and has similar incision lengths&#46; Satisfactory results can be obtained especially in patients like the ones included in our cohort with neurological deterioration and needing decompression and stabilisation&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As previously stated&#44; the primary goal of surgery was to improve the patients&#8217; quality of life while taking into account their overall health&#46; To accomplish this&#44; minimally invasive procedures should be used wherever possible&#44; and the patient&#39;s recovery time should be reduced&#46; In contrast with the literature examples of traditional open surgeries&#59; mean blood loss&#44; surgery duration&#44; and hospital stay were all significantly reduced in our series&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> To help the patients reach an ambulatory state as soon as possible and provide spinal cord decompression&#44; surgical intervention was our priority as soon as possible and before neoadjuvant treatment&#46; We showed that the quality of life of patients can be significantly improved in the postoperative period&#44; regardless of whether they receive neoadjuvant therapy&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To the best of our knowledge&#44; ours is the first study to determine that operating in a single session and in natural anatomical ways can improve recovery among patients with spinal metastases and low Karnofsky scores&#46; This was supported by statistically significant improvement in the Karnofsky and ASIA scores&#46; In addition to shortening the patients&#8217; length of hospital stay and decreasing the complication rates&#44; this method has the significant advantage of being low cost&#46; Moreover&#44; this method helps in significantly decreasing the VAS scores and in continuing the general follow-up and treatment of the patient without interruption by providing a significant improvement in canal compromise and Cobb angle values&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This technique&#44; which has a low complication rate and a short recovery time&#44; can help obtain satisfactory results even in patients with poor metabolic profiles and Karnofsky scores in the preoperative period&#46; Particularly&#44; if the patient selection is preoperatively conducted through a multidisciplinary approach&#44; the quality of life of the patients can be significantly improved&#46; However&#44; further clinical studies with large patient groups are warranted to confirm the results of this study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Data availability statement</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this article&#46; Further enquiries can be directed to the corresponding author&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Funding statement</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public&#44; commercial&#44; or not-for-profit sectors&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The author&#40;s&#41; declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research&#44; authorship&#44; and&#47;or publication of this article&#46; The author&#40;s&#41; received no financial support for the research&#44; authorship&#44; and&#47;or publication of this article&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:12 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres1958137"
          "titulo" => "Abstract"
          "secciones" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0005"
              "titulo" => "Purpose"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0010"
              "titulo" => "Methods"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0015"
              "titulo" => "Results"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0020"
              "titulo" => "Conclusions"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1685278"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        2 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres1958136"
          "titulo" => "Resumen"
          "secciones" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0025"
              "titulo" => "Prop&#243;sito"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0030"
              "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0035"
              "titulo" => "Resultados"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0040"
              "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1685279"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
        ]
        5 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Materials and methods"
          "secciones" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0015"
              "titulo" => "Surgical procedure"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0020"
              "titulo" => "Statistical analyses"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        6 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0025"
          "titulo" => "Results"
          "secciones" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0030"
              "titulo" => "Operative data"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0035"
              "titulo" => "Neurological and functional results"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0040"
              "titulo" => "Radiological results"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0045"
              "titulo" => "Complications"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0050"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0055"
          "titulo" => "Data availability statement"
        ]
        9 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0060"
          "titulo" => "Funding statement"
        ]
        10 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0065"
          "titulo" => "Conflict of interest"
        ]
        11 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2022-07-15"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2022-10-04"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1685278"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Metastasis"
            1 => "Thoracal"
            2 => "Lumbar"
            3 => "Corpectomy"
            4 => "Transpedicular"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1685279"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Met&#225;stasis"
            1 => "Tor&#225;cica"
            2 => "Lumbar"
            3 => "Corpectom&#237;a"
            4 => "Transpedicular"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Purpose</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The surgical treatment of spinal metastases is mostly palliative in nature and focuses on improving the quality of life of patients&#46; The posterior transpedicular surgical approach provides circumferential 360&#176; decompression&#44; allows reconstruction and stabilisation to be achieved in a single session and can be performed using an open&#44; mini-open or minimally invasive approach&#46; We present and discuss the surgical techniques and outcomes for patients with single-level metastatic spinal disease and in poor general condition who underwent surgery via the posterior-only transpedicular corpectomy approach and reconstruction with expandable corpectomy cages&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patients with a single level thoracolumbar metastatic disease &#40;T3-L5&#41; and a Karnofsky score of &#8804;70&#44; who underwent a complete posterior transpedicular corpectomy with expandable cage reconstruction of the anterior spinal column were retrospectively reviewed&#46; Patients&#8217; demographics&#44; SINS&#44; modified Tokuhashi scores as well as preoperative and postoperative ASIA scale&#44; Karnofsky scores&#44; VAS scores and vertebral height&#47;Cobb angle values were analysed&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 44 patients &#40;24 M&#47;20 F&#41; &#40;mean age 53&#46;25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>21&#46;26 years&#41; met the inclusion criteria&#46; The modified Tokuhashi scores were as follows&#58; score 0&#8211;8&#44; 5 &#40;11&#46;4&#37;&#41; patients&#59; score 9&#8211;11&#44; 14 &#40;31&#46;8&#37;&#41; patients&#59; and score 12&#8211;15&#44; 25 &#40;56&#46;8&#37;&#41; patients&#46; There were significant improvements in the postoperative VAS scores &#40;mean 7&#46;7&#8211;2&#46;9&#41;&#44; Karnofsky scores &#40;mean 63&#46;3&#8211;79&#46;6&#41; as well as the Cobb angles &#40;18&#46;6&#8211;12&#46;8&#176;&#41; and vertebral height&#46; Thirtyfive patients showed improved neurological function by at least one ASIA grade&#44; whereas 9 showed no improvement during the postoperative period&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This technique&#44; which has a low complication rate and a short recovery time&#44; can help achieve satisfactory results even in patients with poor metabolic profiles and Karnofsky scores in the preoperative period&#46; Further clinical studies with large patient groups are warranted to confirm the results of this study&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Purpose"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Prop&#243;sito</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El tratamiento quir&#250;rgico de las met&#225;stasis espinales es principalmente de naturaleza paliativa y se enfoca en mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes&#46; El abordaje quir&#250;rgico transpedicular posterior proporciona una descompresi&#243;n circunferencial de 360&#176;&#44; permite lograr la reconstrucci&#243;n y estabilizaci&#243;n en una sola sesi&#243;n y se puede realizar mediante un abordaje abierto&#44; miniabierto o m&#237;nimamente invasivo&#46; Presentamos y discutimos las t&#233;cnicas quir&#250;rgicas y los resultados para pacientes con enfermedad espinal metast&#225;sica de un solo nivel&#44; y en mal estado general&#44; que se sometieron a cirug&#237;a mediante el abordaje de corpectom&#237;a transpedicular solo posterior y reconstrucci&#243;n con jaulas de corpectom&#237;a expandibles&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se revisaron retrospectivamente pacientes con una enfermedad metast&#225;sica toracolumbar de un solo nivel &#40;T3-L5&#41; y una puntuaci&#243;n de Karnofsky<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44; que se sometieron a una corpectom&#237;a transpedicular posterior completa con reconstrucci&#243;n de la columna anterior con jaula expandible&#46; Se analizaron los datos demogr&#225;ficos de los pacientes&#44; SINS&#44; las puntuaciones de Tokuhashi modificadas&#44; as&#237; como la escala ASIA preoperatoria y posoperatoria&#44; las puntuaciones de Karnofsky&#44; las puntuaciones VAS y los valores de altura vertebral&#47;&#225;ngulo de Cobb&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Un total de 44 pacientes &#40;24 M&#47;20 F&#41; &#40;edad media 53&#44;25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>21&#44;26 a&#241;os&#41; cumplieron los criterios de inclusi&#243;n&#46; Las puntuaciones de Tokuhashi modificadas fueron las siguientes&#58; puntuaci&#243;n de 0 a 8&#44; 5 &#40;11&#44;4&#37;&#41; pacientes&#59; puntuaci&#243;n 9-11&#44; 14 &#40;31&#44;8&#37;&#41; pacientes&#59; y puntuaci&#243;n 12-15&#44; 25 &#40;56&#44;8&#37;&#41; pacientes&#46; Hubo mejoras significativas en las puntuaciones VAS postoperatorias &#40;media de 7&#44;7 a 2&#44;9&#41;&#44; las puntuaciones de Karnofsky &#40;media de 63&#44;3 a 79&#44;6&#41;&#44; as&#237; como los &#225;ngulos de Cobb &#40;18&#44;6&#176; a 12&#44;8&#176;&#41; y la altura vertebral&#46; Treinta y cinco pacientes mostraron una funci&#243;n neurol&#243;gica mejorada en al menos un grado ASIA&#44; mientras que 9 no mostraron mejor&#237;a durante el per&#237;odo postoperatorio&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Esta t&#233;cnica&#44; que tiene una tasa de complicaciones baja y un tiempo de recuperaci&#243;n corto&#44; puede ayudar a lograr resultados satisfactorios incluso en pacientes con perfiles metab&#243;licos y puntuaciones de Karnofsky deficientes en el per&#237;odo preoperatorio&#46; Se justifican m&#225;s estudios cl&#237;nicos con grandes grupos de pacientes para confirmar los resultados de este estudio&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Prop&#243;sito"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:7 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1870
            "Ancho" => 1676
            "Tamanyo" => 314937
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#40;Case 1&#41; 57 years old male with L2 lung carcinoma metastasis&#46; &#40;a&#41;&#46; Preoperative gadolinium-enhanced sagital and axial T2 lumbar MRI sections&#46; &#40;b&#41;&#46; Preoperative axial&#44; and sagittal thoracolumbar CT sections&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1348
            "Ancho" => 1676
            "Tamanyo" => 405952
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#40;Case 1 cont&#46;&#41; &#40;a and b&#41;&#46; Postoperative thoracolumbar sagittal&#44; and axial CT sections showing L1&#8211;L3 short fusion and L2 cage replacement&#46; &#40;c&#41;&#46; Intraoperative photo showing the extent of decompression&#44; cage replacement&#44; and instrumentation&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 2017
            "Ancho" => 1676
            "Tamanyo" => 316089
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#40;Case 2&#41; 47 years old female with T10 breast carcinoma metastasis&#46; &#40;a&#41;&#46; Preoperative gadolinium-enhanced sagital and axial T1 thoracal MRI sections&#46; &#40;b&#41;&#46; Preoperative axial&#44; and sagittal thoracolumbar CT sections&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1213
            "Ancho" => 2094
            "Tamanyo" => 395135
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#40;Case 2 cont&#46;&#41; &#40;a and b&#41;&#46; Postoperative thoracolumbar sagittal&#44; and axial CT sections showing T9&#8211;T11 short fusion and T10 cage replacement&#46; &#40;c&#41;&#46; Intraoperative photo showing the extent of decompression&#44; cage replacement&#44; and instrumentation&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variables&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients &#40;n&#58;44&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age&#44; years</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">53&#46;25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>21&#46;26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Male&#47;female</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&#47;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pathological level &#40;n&#44; &#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Thoracal</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">31&#44; 70&#46;4&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">4</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">3</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T<span class="elsevierStyleInf">6</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">4</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T<span class="elsevierStyleInf">7</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T<span class="elsevierStyleInf">8</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T<span class="elsevierStyleInf">9</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">7</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T<span class="elsevierStyleInf">11</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T<span class="elsevierStyleInf">12</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">5</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lumbar</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#44; 29&#46;6&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>L<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">6</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>L<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>L<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">3</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>L<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>L<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tumour type &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8226; Lung carcinoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">18 &#40;40&#46;8&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8226; Breast carcinoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">13 &#40;29&#46;4&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8226; Prostate carcinoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">3 &#40;6&#46;7&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8226; Germ cell carcinoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1 &#40;2&#46;3&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8226; Multiple myeloma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">3 &#40;6&#46;7&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8226; Malignant melanoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1 &#40;2&#46;3&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8226; Renal cell carcinoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">3 &#40;6&#46;7&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8226; Colo-rectal carcinoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2 &#40;4&#46;5&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mean clinical follow up &#40;mn&#41; &#40;range&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30&#46;8 &#40;9&#8211;51&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mean survey time &#40;day&#41; &#40;for 8 deceased patients&#41; &#40;range&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">287 &#40;270&#8211;337&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Survival rate &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">36&#47;44 &#40;81&#46;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab3259048.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Summarised data of patients&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      5 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at2"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Surgical data&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#58;44&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mean op&#46; time &#40;min&#46;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">304&#46;2 &#40;223&#8211;379&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mean blood loss &#40;mL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2049 &#40;943&#8211;3421&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sacrification of the nerve root &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;15&#46;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Short segment stabilisation &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30 &#40;68&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Long segment stabilisation &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;31&#46;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Vertebral body height loss range from &#37; &#40;pre&#47;post&#41; &#40;mean&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29&#47;63 &#40;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Canal compromise range from &#37; &#40;pre&#47;post&#41; &#40;mean&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&#47;77 &#40;51&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mean Cobb angle degree decrease from &#40;pre&#47;post &#91;range&#93;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18&#46;6 &#40;6&#8211;37&#41;&#47;12&#46;8 &#40;3&#8211;25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Superficial infection &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;6&#46;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CSF leakage &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;4&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pulmonary embolism &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#46;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab3259050.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Surgical information about patients&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      6 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at3"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Clinical data&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#58;44&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mean Karnofsky score &#40;range&#41; &#40;pre&#47;post&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">63&#46;1 &#40;55&#8211;69&#41;&#47;79&#46;6 &#40;70&#8211;83&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ASIA scale &#40;pre&#47;post&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8730; A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#47;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8730; B&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#47;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8730; C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&#47;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8730; D&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#47;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8730; E&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#47;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mean</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SD VAS score &#40;pre&#47;post&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;6&#47;2&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tokuhashi score</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8730; Score 0&#8211;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;11&#46;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8730; Score 9&#8211;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#40;31&#46;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8730; Score 12&#8211;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&#40;56&#46;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SINS &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8730; Indeterminate stability &#40;SINS 7&#8211;12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;27&#46;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8730; Unstable &#40;SINS 13&#8211;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32 &#40;72&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Preoperative radiotherapy treatment</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;22&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Preoperative chemo&#47;hormonetherapy treatment</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;25&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab3259049.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical characteristics of patients&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:35 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0180"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Nervous system metastases from systemic cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "E&#46;Q&#46; Lee"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Continuum &#40;Minneap Minn&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "paginaInicial" => "415"
                        "paginaFinal" => "428"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0185"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The incidence of vertebral body metastases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "J&#46;A&#46; Ortiz G&#243;mez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int Orthop"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "paginaInicial" => "309"
                        "paginaFinal" => "311"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0190"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Predominance of spinal metastases involving the posterior vertebral body"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "O&#46;M&#46; Guo"
                            1 => "K&#46;L&#46; Kolberg"
                            2 => "E&#46;C&#46; Smith"
                            3 => "B&#46;W&#46; Smith"
                            4 => "J&#46;E&#46; Yousif"
                            5 => "J&#46;L&#46; Kessler"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "World Neurosurg"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e991"
                        "paginaFinal" => "e996"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0195"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The targeted therapies era beyond the surgical point of view&#58; what spine surgeons should know before approaching spinal metastases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "F&#46; Cofano"
                            1 => "M&#46; Monticelli"
                            2 => "M&#46; Ajello"
                            3 => "F&#46; Zenga"
                            4 => "N&#46; Marengo"
                            5 => "G&#46; Di Perna"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:2 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cancer Control"
                        "fecha" => "2019"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0200"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "State of the art treatment of spinal metastatic disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "O&#46; Barzilai"
                            1 => "C&#46;G&#46; Fisher"
                            2 => "M&#46;H&#46; Bilsky"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neurosurgery"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "paginaInicial" => "757"
                        "paginaFinal" => "769"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0205"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Surgical strategy for spinal metastases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Tomita"
                            1 => "N&#46; Kawahara"
                            2 => "T&#46; Kobayashi"
                            3 => "A&#46; Yoshida"
                            4 => "H&#46; Murakami"
                            5 => "T&#46; Akamaru"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Spine &#40;Phila Pa 1976&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "paginaInicial" => "298"
                        "paginaFinal" => "306"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0210"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Posterior thoracic corpectomy with cage reconstruction for metastatic spinal tumors&#58; comparing the mini-open approach to the open approach"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Lau"
                            1 => "D&#46; Chou"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurosurg Spine"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "paginaInicial" => "217"
                        "paginaFinal" => "227"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0215"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Corpectomy in destructive thoracolumbar spine disease&#58; cost-effectiveness of 3 different techniques and implications for cost reduction of delivered care"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Archavlis"
                            1 => "N&#46; Papadopoulos"
                            2 => "P&#46; Ulrich"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Spine &#40;Phila Pa 1976&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "paginaInicial" => "E433"
                        "paginaFinal" => "E438"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0220"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Single-stage posterolateral transpedicular approach with 360-degree stabilization and vertebrectomy in primary and metastatic tumors of the spine"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "Y&#46; Gezercan"
                            1 => "G&#46; &#199;avu&#351;"
                            2 => "A&#46;I&#46; &#214;kten"
                            3 => "G&#46; Menek&#351;e"
                            4 => "M&#46; &#199;&#305;k&#305;l&#305;"
                            5 => "F&#46; Adamhasan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "World Neurosurg"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "paginaInicial" => "214"
                        "paginaFinal" => "221"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0225"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Karnofsky performance scale"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "J&#46;K&#46; Clancey"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:3 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurosci Nurs"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "220"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0230"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Classifications in brief&#58; American Spinal Injury Association &#40;ASIA&#41; impairment scale"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "T&#46;T&#46; Roberts"
                            1 => "G&#46;R&#46; Leonard"
                            2 => "D&#46;J&#46; Cepela"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Orthop Relat Res"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1499"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1504"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0235"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A revised scoring system for preoperative evaluation of metastatic spine tumor prognosis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "Y&#46; Tokuhashi"
                            1 => "H&#46; Matsuzaki"
                            2 => "H&#46; Oda"
                            3 => "M&#46; Oshima"
                            4 => "J&#46; Ryu"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Spine &#40;Phila Pa 1976&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2186"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2191"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0240"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Validation of digital visual analog scale pain scoring with a traditional paper-based visual analog scale in adults"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "D&#46;A&#46; Delgado"
                            1 => "B&#46;S&#46; Lambert"
                            2 => "N&#46; Boutris"
                            3 => "P&#46;C&#46; McCulloch"
                            4 => "A&#46;B&#46; Robbins"
                            5 => "M&#46;R&#46; Moreno"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:3 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e088"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0245"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The effect of introducing the spinal instability neoplastic score in routine clinical practice for patients with spinal metastases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46;L&#46; Versteeg"
                            1 => "J&#46;M&#46; van der Velden"
                            2 => "H&#46;M&#46; Verkooijen"
                            3 => "M&#46; van Vulpen"
                            4 => "F&#46;C&#46; Oner"
                            5 => "C&#46;G&#46; Fisher"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Oncologist"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "paginaInicial" => "95"
                        "paginaFinal" => "101"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0250"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Intraoperative neuromonitoring &#40;IONM&#41;&#58; is there a role in metastatic spine tumor surgery&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "N&#46;G&#46;V&#46; Kumar"
                            1 => "N&#46; Ravikumar"
                            2 => "Y&#46; Ding"
                            3 => "M&#46;L&#46; Yin"
                            4 => "R&#46;S&#46; Patel"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Spine &#40;Phila Pa 1976&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2019"
                        "paginaInicial" => "E219"
                        "paginaFinal" => "E224"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0255"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Trap-door rib-head osteotomies for posterior placement of expandable cages after transpedicular corpectomy&#58; an alternative to lateral extracavitary and costotransversectomy approaches"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Chou"
                            1 => "V&#46;Y&#46; Wang"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3171/2008.10.SPI08433"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurosurg Spine"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "40"
                        "paginaFinal" => "45"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119931"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0260"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Wirbels&#228;ulenmetastasen&#58; Wie sie diagnostiziert und therapiert werden k&#246;nnen &#91;spinal metastases &#8211; diagnosis and treatment&#93;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Janka"
                            1 => "S&#46; F&#252;ssel"
                            2 => "I&#46; Unterpaintner"
                            3 => "A&#46; Schuh"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "MMW Fortschr Med"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "50"
                        "paginaFinal" => "51"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0265"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A systematic review of evidence on malignant spinal metastases&#58; natural history and technologies for identifying patients at high risk of vertebral fracture and spinal cord compression"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Sutcliffe"
                            1 => "M&#46; Connock"
                            2 => "D&#46; Shyangdan"
                            3 => "R&#46; Court"
                            4 => "N&#46;B&#46; Kandala"
                            5 => "A&#46; Clarke"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Health Technol Assess"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "274"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0270"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tumors of the spine"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Ciftdemir"
                            1 => "M&#46; Kaya"
                            2 => "E&#46; Selcuk"
                            3 => "E&#46; Yalniz"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "World J Orthop"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "paginaInicial" => "109"
                        "paginaFinal" => "116"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0275"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A novel classification system for spinal instability in neoplastic disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46;G&#46; Fisher"
                            1 => "C&#46;P&#46; DiPaola"
                            2 => "T&#46;C&#46; Ryken"
                            3 => "M&#46;H&#46; Bilsky"
                            4 => "C&#46;I&#46; Shaffrey"
                            5 => "S&#46;H&#46; Berven"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Spine"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "paginaInicial" => "E1221"
                        "paginaFinal" => "E1229"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0280"
              "etiqueta" => "21"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Spinal instability neoplastic score&#58; an analysis of reliability and validity from the spine oncology study group"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "D&#46;R&#46; Fourney"
                            1 => "E&#46;M&#46; Frangou"
                            2 => "T&#46;C&#46; Ryken"
                            3 => "C&#46;P&#46; Dipaola"
                            4 => "C&#46;I&#46; Shaffrey"
                            5 => "S&#46;H&#46; Berven"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Oncol"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "paginaInicial" => "3072"
                        "paginaFinal" => "3077"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0285"
              "etiqueta" => "22"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Metastatic spinal cord compression&#58; unraveling the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Boussios"
                            1 => "D&#46; Cooke"
                            2 => "C&#46; Hayward"
                            3 => "F&#46;S&#46; Kanellos"
                            4 => "A&#46;K&#46; Tsiouris"
                            5 => "A&#46;A&#46; Chatziantoniou"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Anticancer Res"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "paginaInicial" => "4987"
                        "paginaFinal" => "4997"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0290"
              "etiqueta" => "23"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Less invasive palliative surgery for spinal metastases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "C&#46;H&#46; Kim"
                            1 => "C&#46;K&#46; Chung"
                            2 => "S&#46; Sohn"
                            3 => "S&#46; Lee"
                            4 => "S&#46;B&#46; Park"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Surg Oncol"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "paginaInicial" => "499"
                        "paginaFinal" => "503"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0295"
              "etiqueta" => "24"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Posterior approaches for symptomatic metastatic spinal cord compression"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Molina"
                            1 => "C&#46;R&#46; Goodwin"
                            2 => "N&#46; Abu-Bonsrah"
                            3 => "B&#46;D&#46; Elder"
                            4 => "R&#46; De la Garza Ramos"
                            5 => "D&#46;M&#46; Sciubba"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:3 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neurosurg Focus"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "paginaInicial" => "E11"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0300"
              "etiqueta" => "25"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Conservative versus operative treatment of stable thoracolumbar burst fractures in neurologically intact patients&#58; is there any difference regarding the clinical and radiographic outcomes&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Pehlivanoglu"
                            1 => "T&#46; Akgul"
                            2 => "S&#46; Bayram"
                            3 => "E&#46; Meric"
                            4 => "M&#46; Ozdemir"
                            5 => "M&#46; Korkmaz"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Spine &#40;Phila Pa 1976&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "paginaInicial" => "452"
                        "paginaFinal" => "458"
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0002939420304116"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "00029394"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0305"
              "etiqueta" => "26"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Spinal reconstruction techniques for traumatic spinal injuries&#58; a systematic review of biomechanical studies"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46;F&#46; Joaquim"
                            1 => "J&#46;P&#46; Maslak"
                            2 => "A&#46;A&#46; Patel"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Global Spine J"
                        "fecha" => "2019"
                        "paginaInicial" => "338"
                        "paginaFinal" => "347"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0310"
              "etiqueta" => "27"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Incidence of vascular complications arising from anterior spinal surgery in the thoraco-lumbar spine"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "Z&#46; Klezl"
                            1 => "G&#46;N&#46; Swamy"
                            2 => "T&#46; Vyskocil"
                            3 => "J&#46; Kryl"
                            4 => "J&#46; Stulik"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Asian Spine J"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "paginaInicial" => "59"
                        "paginaFinal" => "63"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0315"
              "etiqueta" => "28"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Minimally invasive lateral transpsoas approach for lumbar corpectomy and stabilization"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "U&#46; Srikantha"
                            1 => "Y&#46;K&#46; Lokanath"
                            2 => "A&#46; Hari"
                            3 => "S&#46; Nirmala"
                            4 => "R&#46;G&#46; Varma"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:3 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Surg Neurol Int"
                        "fecha" => "2019"
                        "volumen" => "153"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0320"
              "etiqueta" => "29"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A comparative study between minimally invasive spine surgery and traditional open surgery for patients with spinal metastasis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "X&#46; Zhu"
                            1 => "J&#46; Lu"
                            2 => "H&#46; Xu"
                            3 => "Q&#46; Tang"
                            4 => "G&#46; Song"
                            5 => "C&#46; Deng"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Spine &#40;Phila Pa 1976&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2021"
                        "paginaInicial" => "62"
                        "paginaFinal" => "68"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0325"
              "etiqueta" => "30"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Palliative transpedicular partial corpectomy without anterior vertebral reconstruction in lower thoracic and thoracolumbar junction spinal metastases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46;C&#46; Chang"
                            1 => "Y&#46;J&#46; Chen"
                            2 => "D&#46;F&#46; Lo"
                            3 => "H&#46;T&#46; Chen"
                            4 => "H&#46;C&#46; Hsu"
                            5 => "R&#46;M&#46; Lin"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:3 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Orthop Surg Res"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "113"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0330"
              "etiqueta" => "31"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Vertebral body replacement systems with expandable cages in the treatment of various spinal pathologies&#58; a prospectively followed case series of 60 patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46;P&#46; Arts"
                            1 => "W&#46;C&#46; Peul"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neurosurgery"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "paginaInicial" => "537"
                        "paginaFinal" => "544"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            31 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0335"
              "etiqueta" => "32"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Initial experience with the use of an expandable titanium cage as a vertebral body replacement in patients with tumors of the spinal column&#58; a report of 95 patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Viswanathan"
                            1 => "M&#46;M&#46; Abd-El-Barr"
                            2 => "E&#46; Doppenberg"
                            3 => "D&#46; Suki"
                            4 => "Z&#46; Gokaslan"
                            5 => "E&#46; Mendel"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Spine J"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "paginaInicial" => "84"
                        "paginaFinal" => "92"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            32 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0340"
              "etiqueta" => "33"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Is minimally-invasive spinal surgery a reliable treatment option in symptomatic spinal metastasis&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Colangeli"
                            1 => "R&#46; Capanna"
                            2 => "S&#46; Bandiera"
                            3 => "R&#46; Ghermandi"
                            4 => "M&#46; Girolami"
                            5 => "P&#46;D&#46; Parchi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "paginaInicial" => "6526"
                        "paginaFinal" => "6532"
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0161642018322528"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "01616420"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            33 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0345"
              "etiqueta" => "34"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Comparison of minimally invasive surgery with standard open surgery for vertebral thoracic metastases causing acute myelopathy in patients with short- or mid-term life expectancy&#58; surgical technique and early clinical results"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Miscusi"
                            1 => "F&#46;M&#46; Polli"
                            2 => "S&#46; Forcato"
                            3 => "L&#46; Ricciardi"
                            4 => "A&#46; Frati"
                            5 => "M&#46; Cimatti"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurosurg Spine"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "paginaInicial" => "518"
                        "paginaFinal" => "525"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            34 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0350"
              "etiqueta" => "35"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Comparison of anterior versus posterior approach in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures&#58; a systematic review"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "Q&#46; Zhu"
                            1 => "F&#46; Shi"
                            2 => "W&#46; Cai"
                            3 => "J&#46; Bai"
                            4 => "J&#46; Fan"
                            5 => "H&#46; Yang"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int Surg"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1124"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1133"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/25298496/0000003400000005/v1_202309042000/S252984962200106X/v1_202309042000/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "65581"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Clinical research"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/25298496/0000003400000005/v1_202309042000/S252984962200106X/v1_202309042000/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004B&text.app=https://revistaneurocirugia.com/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S252984962200106X?idApp=UINPBA00004B"
]
Share
Journal Information
Vol. 34. Issue 5.
Pages 247-255 (September - October 2023)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 34. Issue 5.
Pages 247-255 (September - October 2023)
Clinical research
Posterior-only approach in patients with poor general condition and spinal metastatic vertebral fracture
Corpectomía con abordaje solo posterior en pacientes con mal estado general y fractura vertebral metastásica espinal
Mustafa Onur Ulua, Mehmet Yigit Akgunb,
Corresponding author
myigitakgun@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Orkhan Alizadac, Eren Fatma Akcild, Tufan Kartuma, Murat Hancia
a Department of Neurosurgery, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
b Department of Neurosurgery, Koc University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
c Department of Neurosurgery, Baskent University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
d Department of Anesthesiology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
Article information
Abstract
Full Text
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Figures (4)
Show moreShow less
Tables (3)
Table 1. Summarised data of patients.
Table 2. Surgical information about patients.
Table 3. Clinical characteristics of patients.
Show moreShow less
Abstract
Purpose

The surgical treatment of spinal metastases is mostly palliative in nature and focuses on improving the quality of life of patients. The posterior transpedicular surgical approach provides circumferential 360° decompression, allows reconstruction and stabilisation to be achieved in a single session and can be performed using an open, mini-open or minimally invasive approach. We present and discuss the surgical techniques and outcomes for patients with single-level metastatic spinal disease and in poor general condition who underwent surgery via the posterior-only transpedicular corpectomy approach and reconstruction with expandable corpectomy cages.

Methods

Patients with a single level thoracolumbar metastatic disease (T3-L5) and a Karnofsky score of ≤70, who underwent a complete posterior transpedicular corpectomy with expandable cage reconstruction of the anterior spinal column were retrospectively reviewed. Patients’ demographics, SINS, modified Tokuhashi scores as well as preoperative and postoperative ASIA scale, Karnofsky scores, VAS scores and vertebral height/Cobb angle values were analysed.

Results

A total of 44 patients (24 M/20 F) (mean age 53.25±21.26 years) met the inclusion criteria. The modified Tokuhashi scores were as follows: score 0–8, 5 (11.4%) patients; score 9–11, 14 (31.8%) patients; and score 12–15, 25 (56.8%) patients. There were significant improvements in the postoperative VAS scores (mean 7.7–2.9), Karnofsky scores (mean 63.3–79.6) as well as the Cobb angles (18.6–12.8°) and vertebral height. Thirtyfive patients showed improved neurological function by at least one ASIA grade, whereas 9 showed no improvement during the postoperative period.

Conclusions

This technique, which has a low complication rate and a short recovery time, can help achieve satisfactory results even in patients with poor metabolic profiles and Karnofsky scores in the preoperative period. Further clinical studies with large patient groups are warranted to confirm the results of this study.

Keywords:
Metastasis
Thoracal
Lumbar
Corpectomy
Transpedicular
Resumen
Propósito

El tratamiento quirúrgico de las metástasis espinales es principalmente de naturaleza paliativa y se enfoca en mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes. El abordaje quirúrgico transpedicular posterior proporciona una descompresión circunferencial de 360°, permite lograr la reconstrucción y estabilización en una sola sesión y se puede realizar mediante un abordaje abierto, miniabierto o mínimamente invasivo. Presentamos y discutimos las técnicas quirúrgicas y los resultados para pacientes con enfermedad espinal metastásica de un solo nivel, y en mal estado general, que se sometieron a cirugía mediante el abordaje de corpectomía transpedicular solo posterior y reconstrucción con jaulas de corpectomía expandibles.

Métodos

Se revisaron retrospectivamente pacientes con una enfermedad metastásica toracolumbar de un solo nivel (T3-L5) y una puntuación de Karnofsky≤70, que se sometieron a una corpectomía transpedicular posterior completa con reconstrucción de la columna anterior con jaula expandible. Se analizaron los datos demográficos de los pacientes, SINS, las puntuaciones de Tokuhashi modificadas, así como la escala ASIA preoperatoria y posoperatoria, las puntuaciones de Karnofsky, las puntuaciones VAS y los valores de altura vertebral/ángulo de Cobb.

Resultados

Un total de 44 pacientes (24 M/20 F) (edad media 53,25±21,26 años) cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Las puntuaciones de Tokuhashi modificadas fueron las siguientes: puntuación de 0 a 8, 5 (11,4%) pacientes; puntuación 9-11, 14 (31,8%) pacientes; y puntuación 12-15, 25 (56,8%) pacientes. Hubo mejoras significativas en las puntuaciones VAS postoperatorias (media de 7,7 a 2,9), las puntuaciones de Karnofsky (media de 63,3 a 79,6), así como los ángulos de Cobb (18,6° a 12,8°) y la altura vertebral. Treinta y cinco pacientes mostraron una función neurológica mejorada en al menos un grado ASIA, mientras que 9 no mostraron mejoría durante el período postoperatorio.

Conclusiones

Esta técnica, que tiene una tasa de complicaciones baja y un tiempo de recuperación corto, puede ayudar a lograr resultados satisfactorios incluso en pacientes con perfiles metabólicos y puntuaciones de Karnofsky deficientes en el período preoperatorio. Se justifican más estudios clínicos con grandes grupos de pacientes para confirmar los resultados de este estudio.

Palabras clave:
Metástasis
Torácica
Lumbar
Corpectomía
Transpedicular

Article

These are the options to access the full texts of the publication Neurocirugía (English edition)
Member
Member of the Sociedad Española de Neurocirugía

If it is the first time you have accessed you can obtain your credentials by contacting Elsevier Spain in suscripciones@elsevier.com or by calling our Customer Service at902 88 87 40 if you are calling from Spain or at +34 932 418 800 (from 9 to 18h., GMT + 1) if you are calling outside of Spain.

If you already have your login data, please click here .

If you have forgotten your password you can you can recover it by clicking here and selecting the option ¿I have forgotten my password¿.

Subscriber
Subscriber

If you already have your login data, please click here .

If you have forgotten your password you can you can recover it by clicking here and selecting the option “I have forgotten my password”
Subscribe
Subscribe to

Neurocirugía (English edition)

Purchase
Purchase article

Purchasing article the PDF version will be downloaded

Price 19.34 €

Purchase now
Contact
Phone for subscriptions and reporting of errors
From Monday to Friday from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. (GMT + 1) except for the months of July and August which will be from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m.
Calls from Spain
932 415 960
Calls from outside Spain
+34 932 415 960
Email
Idiomas
Neurocirugía (English edition)