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    "titulo" => "Abordaje transtorácico transpleural para la hernia de disco torácica: presentación de nueve casos"
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        "titulo" => "Transthoracic transpleural approach for thoracic disc herniation. A study of nine cases"
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        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las hernias de disco tor&#225;cicas son poco frecuentes representando del 0&#44;15 al 1&#44;7&#37; del total de hernias discales&#46; Generalmente son asintom&#225;ticas y s&#243;lo presentan sintomatolog&#237;a entre el 0&#44;5 al 0&#44;8&#37; de todos los casos&#46; Aparecen con m&#225;s frecuencia entre la cuarta y sexta d&#233;cada de la vida&#46; Nosotros realizamos un estudio retrospectivo en el que encontramos 9 pacientes diagnosticados de hernia de disco tor&#225;cica&#44; con edades de 41 a 73 a&#241;os con un promedio de 54 a&#241;os&#46; Comentamos el cudro cl&#237;nico&#44; los diferentes estudios radiol&#243;gicos utilizados&#44; la t&#233;cnica quir&#250;rgica empleada y los resultados obtenidos en el Hospital Universitario Marqu&#233;s de Valdecilla&#46;</p>"
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        "titulo" => "Summary"
        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Herniated thoracic disc account for only 1&#37; of all spinal disc herniations &#40;0&#44;15 to 1&#44;7&#41;&#44; most of them being asymptomatic&#46; They seldom produce symptoms &#40;0&#44;5 to 0&#44;8&#37; of all cases&#41; and occur predominantly between the ages of 30 and 60 years&#46;</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We have operated on 9 patients &#40;ages between 41&#8211;73 years&#41; in the last 13 years&#46; Clinical course&#44; radiologic and imaging studies&#44; operative treatment&#44; surgical technique and results are presented and discussed&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
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        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Pinto Rafael&#44; J&#46;I&#46;&#59; Carda&#44; R&#46;&#59; Sanz&#44; F&#59; Izquierdo&#44; J&#46;M&#46;&#59; V&#225;zquez-Barquero&#44; A&#46;&#59; Trigueros&#44; F&#59; Montiaga&#44; F&#59; Paternina&#44; B&#46;&#59; Fern&#225;ndez&#44; B&#46;&#58; Abordaje transtor&#225;cico transpleural para la hernia de disco tor&#225;cica&#58; presentaci&#243;n de nueve casos&#46; Neurocirug&#237;a 1999&#59; 10&#58; 136&#8211;142&#46;</p>"
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                      "titulo" => "Thoracic approaches to anterior spinal operations&#58; Anterior thoracic approaches"
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                            0 => "C&#46; Crafoord"
                            1 => "T&#46; Hiertonn"
                            2 => "K&#46; Lindblom"
                            3 => "S&#46;E&#46; Olsson"
                          ]
                        ]
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                            0 => "A&#46; Hulme"
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                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
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