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Pre-proof, online 26 November 2025
Neurological Outcomes After Corpectomy With Autologous Grafts Versus expandable titanium Cages: A Retrospective Study
Resultados Neurológicos Después de Corpectomía con Injertos Autólogos Versus Cajas de Titanio Expandibles: Un Estudio Piloto
Alexis Manuel Portillo-González1,2, Julio César López-Valdés1,2,3,
Corresponding author
jc.lopz@live.com
jc.lopz@comunidad.unam.mx

Corresponding Author: Edificio JOSMAR Salvador Díaz Mirón #203, Desp. 302 Tampico, Tamaulipas, México
, Daniel Alejandro Vega-Moreno2,4, Óscar Medina-Carrillo1, Abraham Ibarra-De la Torre1, Ulises García-González1
1 Department of Neurosurgery, South Central High Specialty Hospital (PEMEX), Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
2 Postgraduate department. National Autonomous University of Mexico. Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
3 Research Department, Autonomous Tamaulipas University, Medicine Faculty of Tampico “Dr. Alberto Romo Caballero”, Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico
4 Department of Oncological Neurosurgery. Regional Hospital of Toluca. ISSEMYM. Toluca de Lerdo, Mexico State, Mexico
Highlights

  • Expandable cages show superior mJOA improvement vs. autografts.

  • Comparable safety profile observed with expandable cages in corpectomy.

  • Expandable cages are a viable, effective alternative for spinal reconstruction.

  • Clinical evidence provided for ADD plus™/ T-CORP™ cage system performance.

  • Longer, prospective studies are needed for long-term cage outcomes.

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Abstract

Background: Vertebral corpectomy is a common surgical technique for spinal decompression and fusion. This retrospective pilot study compares the neurological outcomes of corpectomy using autologous bone grafts versus expandable titanium cages.

Methods: In this retrospective pilot study of 40 patients, we compared autologous bone grafts versus expandable cages for single- or multi-level corpectomy. We assessed pre- and postoperative mJOA (Modified Japanese Orthopedic Association) scores. To account for baseline imbalances, we performed analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusting for age and preoperative mJOA, and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) based on propensity scores. Outcomes included postoperative mJOA, ΔmJOA, responder rate (≥2-point improvement), and Hirabayashi Recovery Rate.

Results: Both groups showed significant neurological improvement. Adjusted for preoperative mJOA, the ANCOVA model found that The titanium group presented significantly higher postoperative mJOA scores after adjustment (ANCOVA coefficient = +2.50, p = 0.0007). IPTW-weighted regression showed a trend toward greater neurological improvement with titanium (coefficient = +1.75, p = 0.092), with satisfactory covariate balance. Clinically meaningful recovery was observed in 100% of titanium cases vs. 75% of autologous cases (p = 0.064). The Hirabayashi Recovery Rate was also superior with titanium (mean 65.0%) compared to autologous grafts (mean 45.1%).

Conclusion: Both techniques provided similar and effective neurological outcomes after corpectomy. Our findings suggest that neurological recovery is more strongly influenced by the preoperative severity of the myelopathy than by the surgical system used. Both are viable options for corpectomy and warrant larger-scale studies.

Keywords:
Corpectomy
Expandable Cages
Autograft
Neurological Outcome
Spinal Fusion
Resumen

Antecedentes: La corpectomía vertebral es una técnica quirúrgica común para la descompresión y fusión espinal. Este estudio piloto retrospectivo comparó los resultados neurológicos de la corpectomía utilizando injertos óseos autólogos versus jaulas de titanio expandibles.

Métodos: En este estudio de 40 pacientes, se evaluaron las puntuaciones pre y postoperatorias del mJOA (Modified Japanese Orthopedic Association). Se utilizó un análisis de covarianza (ANCOVA) y una ponderación por probabilidad inversa de tratamiento (IPTW) para ajustar por variables como la edad y la puntuación de mJOA inicial. Los resultados medidos incluyeron la tasa de respuesta (≥2 puntos de mejora) y la tasa de recuperación de Hirabayashi.

Resultados: Ambos grupos mostraron una mejora neurológica significativa. El grupo de titanio presentó puntuaciones de mJOA significativamente más altas después de los ajustes por ANCOVA (p = 0.0007). La regresión ponderada por IPTW mostró una tendencia hacia una mayor mejora neurológica con titanio (p = 0.092). Se observó una recuperación clínicamente significativa en el 100% de los casos con titanio frente al 75% con injertos autólogos (p = 0.064). La tasa de recuperación de Hirabayashi también fue superior en el grupo de titanio (media 65.0%) en comparación con el de injertos autólogos (media 45.1%).

Conclusión: Ambas técnicas proporcionaron resultados neurológicos similares y efectivos. Los hallazgos sugieren que la recuperación neurológica está más influenciada por la gravedad preoperatoria de la mielopatía que por el sistema quirúrgico utilizado. Ambas opciones son viables y justifican la realización de estudios a mayor escala.

Palabras Clave:
Corpectomía
Cajas Expandibles
Auto injerto
Resultado Neurológico
Fusión Espinal

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