Journal Information
Case report
Pre-proof, online 4 August 2025
Langerhans cells histiocytosis with invasion into the brain parenchyma: A rare presentation
Histiocitosis de células de Langerhans con invasión al parénquima cerebral: Una entidad Rara.
Claudio Sebastián Iglesias Vargasa, Tomas Quinzacara Aravenad,
, Ingrid Trujillo Ramosc, Sebastián Vigueras Alvaresb
a Residente de Neurocirugía, Universidad de Concepción, Hospital Regional Guillermo Grant Benavente, Concepción, Chile
b Neurocirujano Pediátrico, equipo de Neurocirugía Pediátrica, Hospital Regional Guillermo Grant Benavente, Concepción, Chile
c Cirujano Maxilofacial, equipo de Neurocirugía Pediátrica, Hospital Regional Guillermo Grant Benavente, Concepción, Chile
d Interno de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Hospital Regional Guillermo Grant Benavente, Concepción, Chile
Article information
Resumen

Este caso presenta un caso inusual de histiocitosis de células de Langerhans con invasión al parénquima cerebral, un fenómeno raro documentado en pocos casos a nivel mundial. La relevancia de este caso radica en la contribución al conocimiento de esta patología en el contexto neuro-oncológico pediátrico. Un niño de 11 años presentó aumento de volumen en la región frontal izquierda, sin déficit neurológico ni síntomas sistémicos. La tomografía y resonancia magnética revelaron una lesión osteolítica agresiva con edema perilesional y extensión intracraneal. Se realizó una exéresis completa de la lesión, confirmando histiocitosis de células de Langerhans mediante inmunohistoquímica. Se inició quimioterapia con buena tolerancia y sin complicaciones hasta el momento. Este caso destaca la necesidad de un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos en casos de histiocitosis de células de Langerhans con afectación cerebral, dado su impacto potencial en el pronóstico y la escasez de guías específicas para este tipo de manifestaciones.

Palabras claves:
Histiocitosis de células de Langerhans
neurooncología pediátrica
lesión del lóbulo frontal, reporte de caso
Abstract

This case presents an unusual case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis with invasion into the brain parenchyma, a rare phenomenon documented in few cases worldwide. The relevance of this case lies in the contribution to the knowledge of this pathology in the pediatric neuro-oncologic context. An 11-year-old boy presented with increased volume in the left frontal region, without neurological deficit or systemic symptoms. CT and MRI revealed an aggressive osteolytic lesion with perilesional edema and intracranial extension. Complete excision of the lesion was performed, confirming Langerhans cell histiocytosis by immunohistochemistry. Chemotherapy was started with good tolerance and no complications so far. This case highlights the need for timely diagnosis and treatment in cases of Langerhans cell histiocytosis with brain involvement, given its potential impact on prognosis and the scarcity of specific guidelines for this type of manifestations.

Keywords:
Langerhans cells Histiocytosis
pediatric neurooncology
frontal lobe lesion
Case report

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