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Review article
Pre-proof, online 26 March 2025
Recurrent spinal subdural hematoma in granulomatosis with polyangiitis
years old, she presented with sudden sy Recurrencia de hematoma subdural espinal en la granulomatosis con poliangeítis.
Teresa Kalantaria,
Corresponding author
teresa.kalantari@hotmail.com

Corresponding author at: Department of Neurosurgery, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Manuel de Falla 1, Majadahonda, Madrid 28222, Spain.
, Celia Ortega-Angulob, Raquel Gutiérrez-Gonzáleza,c
a Department of Neurosurgery, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, IDIPHISA, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
b Department of Neurosurgery, Central de la Defensa Gomez Ulla Hospital, Madrid, Spain
c Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Article information
Abstract

Nervous system involvement is uncommon in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), a systemic autoimmune disease with episodes of necrotizing vasculitis. It is usually due to the compressive effect of dural or epidural masses. Spinal hemorrhagic presentation is exceptional. A 41-year-old woman diagnosed with GPA presented with three episodes of acute spinal subdural hematoma separated by eight years and ten months, respectively. The symptomatic debut was pain and paresis in all episodes. On all occasions, a lesion compatible with acute spinal subdural hematoma was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All episodes were treated conservatively with corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. The patient presented complete neurological recovery in the first two episodes. A mild residual left lower limb paresis remains after the last one. Follow-up MRI was performed after all episodes, and no focal intraspinal lesions were detected. Spinal subdural hemorrhage is a form of manifestation of GPA, either as a debut or in the course of the disease. We describe the third confirmed case of spontaneous spinal hemorrhage secondary to GPA published in the literature and the first with recurrence. Given the extraordinary response to immunosuppressive therapy, a high level of clinical suspicion is necessary to establish treatment as early as possible.

Keywords:
Hematoma Subdural Spinal
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Necrotizing vasculitis
Rituximab
Resumen

Presentamos un caso en una paciente diagnosticada de granulomatosis con poliangeitis (GPA) que presentó en dos ocasiones separadas por un lapso de 8 años, hematoma subdural agudo espinal con diferentes niveles de afectación en cada uno de los episodios. Se añade una revisión de la literatura. Una mujer de 48 años diagnosticada de GPA, presentó tres episodios de hematoma subdural espinal agudo; separados por un período de tiempo en primer lugar de 8 años y en segundo lugar de 10 meses. Clínicamente, las tres veces se manifestaron con dolor y paresia. En todas las ocasiones, se diagnosticó mediante Resonancia Magnética Nuclear (RMN) la presencia de una lesión compatible con hematoma subdural espinal agudo. Todos los episodios se trataron de forma conservadora con corticoesteroides y Rituximab. La paciente presentó recuperación neurológica completa en los dos primeros episodios. En relación al último; presenta una paresia leve en miembro inferior izquierdo. En todos los episodios se realizó control por RMN y no se detectaron alteraciones intraespinales. La hemorragia subdural espinal es una posible forma de manifestación de la GPA, bien como debut o en el curso de la enfermedad. Es necesario un alto nivel de sospecha clínica para establecer el tratamiento de la forma más precoz posible. Presenta una respuesta extraordinaria a la terapia inmunosupresora. Es posible una recuperación completa a través del tratamiento conservador. Recomendamos un abordaje combinado.

Palabras clave:
Granulomatosis con poliangeítis
enfermedad de Wegener
Hematoma subdural espinal
Rituximab

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