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array:23 [ "pii" => "S1130147318300642" "issn" => "11301473" "doi" => "10.1016/j.neucir.2018.06.001" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-07-01" "aid" => "339" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neurocirugía" "copyrightAnyo" => "2018" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "crp" "cita" => "Neurocirugia. 2019;30:193-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 4 "formatos" => array:2 [ "HTML" => 2 "PDF" => 2 ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1130147318300654" "issn" => "11301473" "doi" => "10.1016/j.neucir.2018.06.002" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-07-01" "aid" => "340" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neurocirugía" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "crp" "cita" => "Neurocirugia. 2019;30:198-201" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 6 "formatos" => array:2 [ "HTML" => 4 "PDF" => 2 ] ] "es" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Caso clínico</span>" "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pott's puffy tumor</span> por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Actinomyces</span> tras trauma craneal leve" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "198" "paginaFinal" => "201" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Pott‘s puffy tumor by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Actinomyces</span> after minor head trauma" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figura 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 750 "Ancho" => 750 "Tamanyo" => 38144 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Imagen por tomografía computarizada tras la administración de contraste intravenoso en la que se aprecia aumento de la colección epicraneal con realce en anillo, así como pequeña colección intracraneal epidural sugestiva de empiema. Se aprecia destrucción lítica del hueso frontal.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Juan Casado Pellejero, Asís Lorente Muñoz, Nnamdi Elenwoke, Severiano Cortés Franco" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Juan" "apellidos" => "Casado Pellejero" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Asís" "apellidos" => "Lorente Muñoz" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Nnamdi" "apellidos" => "Elenwoke" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Severiano" "apellidos" => "Cortés Franco" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130147318300654?idApp=UINPBA00004B" "url" => "/11301473/0000003000000004/v1_201906220636/S1130147318300654/v1_201906220636/es/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:17 [ "pii" => "S1130147319300053" "issn" => "11301473" "doi" => "10.1016/j.neucir.2018.12.003" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-07-01" "aid" => "368" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Neurocirugia. 2019;30:188-92" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 83 "formatos" => array:2 [ "HTML" => 45 "PDF" => 38 ] ] "es" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Artículo de opinión</span>" "titulo" => "Adscripción de un médico internista al servicio de neurocirugía: ventajas e implicaciones clínicas y profesionales" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "188" "paginaFinal" => "192" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "The appointment of an internal medicine practitioner to a neurosurgical department: Advantages, and clinical and professional implications" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Ana María Galacho-Harriero, Pedro David Delgado-López, Antonio Rodríguez-Salazar" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ana María" "apellidos" => "Galacho-Harriero" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Pedro David" "apellidos" => "Delgado-López" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Antonio" "apellidos" => "Rodríguez-Salazar" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130147319300053?idApp=UINPBA00004B" "url" => "/11301473/0000003000000004/v1_201906220636/S1130147319300053/v1_201906220636/es/main.assets" ] "en" => array:20 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Case Report</span>" "titulo" => "A symptomatic large subependymoma with neuroradiological features mimicking a high-grade glioma: A case report" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "193" "paginaFinal" => "197" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Yuya Hanashima, Taku Homma, Toshiya Maebayashi, Takahiro Igarashi, Toshiyuki Ishige, Hiroyuki Hao, Atsuo Yoshino" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Yuya" "apellidos" => "Hanashima" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Taku" "apellidos" => "Homma" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "homma.taku@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Toshiya" "apellidos" => "Maebayashi" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Takahiro" "apellidos" => "Igarashi" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Toshiyuki" "apellidos" => "Ishige" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Hiroyuki" "apellidos" => "Hao" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Atsuo" "apellidos" => "Yoshino" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Neurological Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi 173-8610, Tokyo, Japan" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Division of Human Pathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi 173-8610, Tokyo, Japan" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi 173-8610, Tokyo, Japan" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Corresponding author</span>." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Gran subependimoma sintomático de características neurorradiológicas que imita a un glioma de alto grado: presentación de un caso clínico" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 964 "Ancho" => 1200 "Tamanyo" => 426940 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Histopathological features.</p> <p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The lateral ventricular mass displayed a slightly increased cellularity, frequent microcyst formation, and hemorrhage (A, 40×). The tumor had a biphasic structure: one area had scattered small clusters of neoplastic cells with a fibrillary background (B, 100×) and the other area had frequent microcyst formation (C, 100×). Intracytoplasmic eosinophilic dot/ring-like inclusions (black arrow) were observed (D, 400×).</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A subependymoma is a benign subtype of ependymoma that corresponds to a World Health Organization (WHO) grade I tumor.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Subependymomas usually occur in middle-aged adults and are only occasionally symptomatic.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Furthermore, neuroradiological characteristics mimicking high-grade glioma, such as hemorrhage and peritumoral edema, are rare in subependymomas.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3–7</span></a> In this case report, we present a rare case of a large symptomatic subependymoma with unique neuroradiological findings that mimic a high-grade glioma.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Clinical case</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 66-year-old Japanese man was admitted to a local hospital due to vomiting; his initial symptoms included headache, nausea, and left homonymous hemianopsia, which had been present for 10 days before visiting the hospital. Computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (nMRI) revealed a calcified brain tumor with hemorrhage in his right occipital lobe. The patient was transferred to our hospital for further examination and treatment. Brain computed tomography confirmed the presence of a poorly defined large mass with calcification and hemorrhage in the right occipital lobe, as well as widespread peritumoral edema of the surrounding white matter (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>A). The nMRI showed a 6-cm mass with hemorrhage in the posterior horn of the right lateral ventricle. The mass appeared to be isointense to slightly hypointense on T1-weighted images, isointense to slightly hyperintense on T2-weighted images, and exhibited partial enhancement on T1-weighted gadolinium-enhanced images (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>B–D). Additionally, the hemorrhagic area in the tumor was homogenously enhanced (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>D). A slight midline shift was apparently caused by the right lateral ventricular mass. Therefore, a high-grade glioma, such as a glioblastoma, was preoperatively suspected. We performed total tumor resection on the ninth day after the patient's admission. Although the hemianopsia originating from the primary visual cortex was still present 50 days after the surgery, the patient's headache and nausea resolved, and he was free from tumor recurrence at least one year after the operation.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Histopathology revealed that the resected specimen was a slightly hypercellular neoplasm with frequent microcysts and hemorrhage (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>A). The neoplasm included small, scattered clusters of neoplastic cells with a fibrillary background (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>B), and the neoplastic cells formed microcysts frequently (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>C). The neoplastic cells had round to oval nuclei and light-eosinophilic to clear cytoplasms (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>D). In addition, the neoplastic cells frequently had intracytoplasmic eosinophilic dots, although we did not observe other pathological features, such as ependymal rosettes/canals, perivascular pseudorosettes, microvascular proliferation, or necrosis. Mitotic figures were rarely observed within the tumor.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the neoplastic cells were positive for S100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>A), and the alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked protein. We did not observe immunoreactivity to oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>B), synaptophysin, mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 R132H, or p53. The neoplastic cells frequently had intracytoplasmic dots/rings that were positive for EMA/D2-40 (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>C and D), and the MIB-1 labeling index was <1%. These pathological and immunohistochemical features led us to update our diagnosis to a subependymoma corresponding to a WHO grade I tumor.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Discussion</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Subependymomas account for 3.4–7.5% of all ependymal neoplasms<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8,9</span></a>; they frequently affect middle-aged adults (mainly 42.5–51.0 year-olds, ranging from 1.5 to 85 years old),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,10</span></a> and predominantly affect adult males. The most common site for subependymomas is the fourth ventricle (55%), followed by the lateral ventricle (19–45%).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,10</span></a> In the present case, the subependymoma was located in the posterior horn of the right lateral ventricle. The tumor was relatively large (6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm in diameter) and the patient was relatively old (66 years old).</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Most subependymoma cases are asymptomatic. Symptomatic subependymomas were identified in only 7 out of 1000 surgical specimens from intracranial subependymomas.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Patients with symptomatic subependymomas are generally younger (with a mean age of 39–43 years), compared to patients with asymptomatic subependymoma (mean age: 59–75 years old).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,11</span></a> The major clinical symptoms of symptomatic subependymomas include headache (61%), gait ataxia (42%), visual disturbance (33%), memory/psychiatric disturbance (31%), paresis (31%), cranial nerve abnormalities (25%), nystagmus/vertigo (22%), and nausea/vomiting (19%).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Although the patient in this present case report was relatively old compared to previously reported cases, his primary symptom (recurrent vomiting) was consistent with those reports. The large size of the patient's subependymoma (6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm) may have been associated with the presence of symptoms,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11,12</span></a> as symptomatic subependymomas in the lateral ventricle have an average diameter of 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm, while those that are asymptomatic have an average diameter of only 0.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Furthermore, large subependymomas tend to show cyst formation, calcification, and hemorrhage.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5–8</span></a> Thus, this large subependymoma with neuroradiological and neuropathological evidence of calcification and hemorrhage is consistent with reports on symptomatic subependymomas.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5–7,11,12</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">During the brain nMRI, we observed peritumoral edema, a midline shift, and partial T1-weighted gadolinium enhancement. In frequent, glioblastomas, IDH-wildtype, revealed MRI features characterized by irregular-shaped tumor with ring-shape enhancement, peritumoral edema, and central hypointense area suggesting tumor necrosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Intraventricular glioblastoma, although extremely rare, also exhibited the same MRI findings as intraparenchymal ones; namely irregular-shape, heterogeneous or ring-like enhancement, peritumoral edema, and hypointense areas indicating necrosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> Thus, our differential diagnosis included a high-grade glioma, such as glioblastoma, although the presence of calcification suggested a slow-growing brain tumor,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> rather than a high-grade glioma. Therefore, caution is needed when analyzing neuroradiological images, and careful examination may increase the reliability of the pathological diagnosis.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite differences in tumor sizes and/or symptoms, the histopathological features of subependymomas are similar to those of ependymomas.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> For example, subependymomas are characteristic hypocellular neoplasms with small glial-cell clusters and a fibrillary background of glial cells,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> in which mitotic figures are rare. Specimens from large subependymomas also frequently exhibit cyst formation, calcium deposition, and vascular hyalinization However, these findings are less common in small tumors.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,11</span></a> Immunohistochemistry rarely reveals dot and/or ring immunoreactivity to EMA, as subependymomas are considered a variant of ependymal tumors.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,16,17</span></a> In the present case, the tumor's histopathological features were indicative of subependymoma, and there were no ependymoma components, such as ependymal rosettes, ependymal canals, and/or perivascular pseudorosettes. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical findings were compatible with the immunoprofile of subependymomas: positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100 protein, negative for oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2, and an extremely low MIB-1 labeling index. However, the present case also involved cytoplasmic EMA-positive dots/rings. Such EMA-immunoreactivity is, contrary to ependymomas, unusual for subependymomas,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18,19</span></a> but was the characteristic pathological feature in the present case. It appears that subependymomas and ependymomas can co-exist and it is possible that subependymomas represent a variant of ependymomas.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> We believe that our histopathological and immunohistochemical findings also support this theory, and that the neoplastic cells exhibit ependymal differentiation at the cellular level but not at the structural level.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conclusions</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, we encountered a Japanese man with a symptomatic large subependymoma, who exhibited signs of hemorrhage, peritumoral edema, and a midline shift, mimicking high-grade-gliomas, such as a glioblastoma. Thus, the clinical and neuroradiological findings could have supported the diagnosis of a high-grade glioma. This case highlights the importance of conducting detailed clinical and neuroradiological analyses in order to reach an appropriate diagnosis and provide the best treatment possible.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Authors’ contributions</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Yuya Hanashima collected the patient's clinical data and prepared the manuscript. Taku Homma performed the pathological examination and prepared the manuscript. Toshiya Maebayashi analyzed and prepared neuroradiological imaging data. Takahiro Igarashi and Atsuo Yoshino collected the patient's clinical data and checked clinical sections of the manuscript. Toshiyuki Ishige and Hiroyuki Hao performed pathological examinations. Finally, all authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1209854" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1126404" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1209855" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1126405" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Clinical case" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Authors’ contributions" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack413464" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" ] 10 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2018-02-14" "fechaAceptado" => "2018-06-03" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1126404" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Cerebrum" 1 => "Lateral ventricle" 2 => "Subependymoma" 3 => "Neuroradiology" 4 => "Symptomatic" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1126405" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Cerebro" 1 => "Ventrículo lateral" 2 => "Subependimoma" 3 => "Neurorradiología" 4 => "Sintomático" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A subependymoma is a benign primary brain tumor classified as a World Health Organization grade I tumor; it is asymptomatic in most cases. We present the case of a 66-year-old Japanese man with a complaint of recurrent vomiting that led to the discovery of a large mass with hemorrhage, peritumoral edema, and a midline shift in the posterior horn of the right lateral ventricle. The patient was pathologically diagnosed with subependymoma after undergoing total tumor resection; a year after the surgery, he was free from tumor recurrence. Although symptomatic subependymomas are rare, they tend to show hemorrhage with peritumoral edema on neuroradiological tests and tend to be confused with high-grade brain tumors. In the present case, we highlight the importance of the appropriate diagnosis for subependymomas showing neuroradiological features that mimic high-grade gliomas. This diagnosis will help in providing suitable treatment for subependymomas.</p></span>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Un subependimoma es un tumor cerebral primario benigno, clasificado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud como un tumor grado I. En la mayoría de los casos es asintomático. Presentamos el caso de un varón japonés de 66 años de edad que reportaba vómitos recurrentes, los que lo llevaron al descubrimiento de una gran masa con hemorragia, edema peritumoral y una desviación de la línea media del cuerno posterior del ventrículo lateral derecho. Se le realizó un diagnóstico patológico de subependimoma luego de que se le sometiera a una resección total del tumor. Un año después de la cirugía no presentaba recurrencia del tumor. Aunque los subependimomas sintomáticos son raros, en las pruebas neurorradiológicas tienden a presentar hemorragia con edema peritumoral y se tiende a confundirlos con tumores cerebrales de alto grado. En el presente caso, destacamos la importancia de un diagnóstico adecuado de los subependimomas que presentan características neurorradiológicas que imitan a gliomas de alto grado. Este diagnóstico ayudará a brindar el tratamiento adecuado para dichos subependimomas.</p></span>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1269 "Ancho" => 1200 "Tamanyo" => 164481 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Neuroradiological images.</p> <p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Brain computed tomography revealed a poorly-defined large mass with calcification (yellow arrow), hemorrhage (red arrow), peritumoral edema, and a midline shift in the right occipital lobe (A). Axial brain nuclear magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the mass was localized in the posterior horn of the right lateral ventricle, was isointense to slightly hypointense on T1-weighted images (B), and was isointense to slightly hyperintense on T2-weighted images (C). T1-weighted gadolinium-enhanced images revealed partial enhancement in the mass (D). The hemorrhagic area in the mass was homogenously enhanced (D, red arrow).</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 964 "Ancho" => 1200 "Tamanyo" => 426940 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Histopathological features.</p> <p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The lateral ventricular mass displayed a slightly increased cellularity, frequent microcyst formation, and hemorrhage (A, 40×). The tumor had a biphasic structure: one area had scattered small clusters of neoplastic cells with a fibrillary background (B, 100×) and the other area had frequent microcyst formation (C, 100×). Intracytoplasmic eosinophilic dot/ring-like inclusions (black arrow) were observed (D, 400×).</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 965 "Ancho" => 1200 "Tamanyo" => 296219 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Immunohistochemical features.</p> <p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The mass was positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (A, 200×) and negative for oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (B, 200×). 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