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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las fracturas por hiperflexion&#44; o en gota de l&#225;grima&#44; a nivel cervical bajo se caracterizan por una afectaci&#243;n ligamentosa de todo el segmento intervertebral&#44; afectaci&#243;n del cuerpo vertebral&#44; principalmente en el tercio anteroinferior&#44; y&#44; con frecuencia&#44; se asocian a una afectaci&#243;n de la m&#233;dula espinal&#46; Presentamos una serie de 30 pacientes con este tipo de lesi&#243;n en la que estudiamos el diagn&#243;stico&#44; la cl&#237;nica as&#237; como el abordaje y cual fue la evoluci&#243;n de los pacientes una vez intervenidos&#46; En los &#250;ltimos 11 a&#241;os hemos tratado 30 pacientes con fracturas cervicales bajas &#40;C3&#8211;C7&#41; que se intervinieron por v&#237;a anterior y que presentaban caracter&#237;sticas de fracturas en gota de l&#225;grima&#46; El diagn&#243;stico se realiz&#243; con radiolog&#237;a simple&#44; Tomograf&#237;a Axial Computarizada &#40;TAC&#41; y Resonancia Magn&#233;tica &#40;RM&#41; objetiv&#225;ndose en todos ellos una inestabilidad del segmento lesionado&#44; debido a una afectaci&#243;n osteoligamentosa y principalmente por afectaci&#243;n del cuerpo vertebral&#46; Neurol&#243;gicamente fueron valorados seg&#250;n la escala de Frankel&#44; adapt&#225;ndose retrospectivamente a la escala American Spinal Injury Associaton &#40;ASIA&#41;&#44; presentando 11 pacientes a su ingreso un grado A&#44; 5 B&#44; 3 C&#44; 2 D y 9 grado E&#46; La intervenci&#243;n se practic&#243;&#44; como media&#44; cinco d&#237;as despu&#233;s de la colocaci&#243;n de una tracci&#243;n con halo que se realiz&#243; al ingreso y consisti&#243; en la pr&#225;ctica de corporectom&#237;a y colocaci&#243;n de injerto de cresta iliaca&#44; m&#225;s placa&#46; La evoluci&#243;n neurol&#243;gica fue favorable en todos los casos con lesiones incompletas medulares&#46; De los 11 pacientes con lesiones completas&#44; dos pacientes fallecieron por presentar otras lesiones asociadas y los otros 9 no presentaron mejor&#237;a neurol&#243;gica&#46; El grado de artrodesis fue bueno y s&#243;lo un paciente precis&#243; un doble abordaje anterior y posterior&#46; En conclusi&#243;n&#44; las fracturas en gota de l&#225;grima se asocian a una afectaci&#243;n neurol&#243;gica importante en m&#225;s del 50&#37; de los casos junto con una inestabilidad que requieren artrodesis&#44; principalmente mediante un abordaje anterior&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hyperflexion or teardrop fracture of low cervical vertebrae is characterised by ligament affectation of the entire intervertebral segment&#44; the vertebral body&#44; primarily its anteroinferior third and&#44; frequently&#44; spinal medullar affectation&#46; This series presents the clinical symptoms&#44; diagnosis&#44; surgical approach&#44; and post surgical evolution in 30 patients with tear drop fractures&#46;</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Over the last 30 years&#44; thirty patients with tear drop fractures at the low cervical spine &#40;C3&#8211;C7&#41; were admited to our Neurosurgical Service&#46;</p><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Diagnostic studies included simple radiographs&#44; computarised axial tomography &#40;CT&#41;&#44; and magnetic resonance imaging &#40;MRI&#41;&#44; all of which evidenced the instability of the damaged segment due to osteoliga-mentous affectation&#44; and a primarily vertebral body fracture&#46; Patients&#8217; neurological status was according to the Frankel&#8217; scale adapted to the American Spinal Injury Associaton scale &#40;ASIA&#41;&#46; 11 patients were included in grade A&#44; 5 in B&#44; 3 in grade C&#44; 2 in grade D and 9 grade E of neurological affectation&#46; Surgery through an anterior approach was performed&#44; an average of 5 days after placement of halo traction&#44; which had been placed on admission to the hospital&#46; Surgery consisted in vertebral corporectomy and placement of a p&#237;ate and a graft from the iliac crest&#46; The patients&#8217; neurological evolution was favourable in all cases with incomplete medullar lesions&#46; There were 11 patients with complete lesions&#44; or Frankel grade A affectation&#59; two died due to other associated lesions and the other nine showed no neurological improvement after surgery&#46; The degree of arthrodesis was good and only one patient required an a combined anterior-posterior approach&#46; We conclude that teardrop fractures were associated with severe neu-rological affectation in more than 50&#37; of our patients&#44; and that these fractures provoke instability requiring arthrodesis&#44; generally via an anterior approach&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 15. Núm. 4.
Páginas 360-365 (enero 2004)
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Vol. 15. Núm. 4.
Páginas 360-365 (enero 2004)
Abordaje anterior de las fracturas cervicales bajas por mecanismo de hiperflexión o en gota de lágrima
Anterior approach in low cervical fractures prodited by hyperflexion or tear drop
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3712
A. Isla
, C. Pérez-López, S. Moraleda, M. Martínez-Moreno, F. Alvarez, M. Budke, J. García-Reneses
Servicios de Neurocirugía y Rehabilitación. Hospital Universitario”La Paz. Madrid
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Resumen

Las fracturas por hiperflexion, o en gota de lágrima, a nivel cervical bajo se caracterizan por una afectación ligamentosa de todo el segmento intervertebral, afectación del cuerpo vertebral, principalmente en el tercio anteroinferior, y, con frecuencia, se asocian a una afectación de la médula espinal. Presentamos una serie de 30 pacientes con este tipo de lesión en la que estudiamos el diagnóstico, la clínica así como el abordaje y cual fue la evolución de los pacientes una vez intervenidos. En los últimos 11 años hemos tratado 30 pacientes con fracturas cervicales bajas (C3–C7) que se intervinieron por vía anterior y que presentaban características de fracturas en gota de lágrima. El diagnóstico se realizó con radiología simple, Tomografía Axial Computarizada (TAC) y Resonancia Magnética (RM) objetivándose en todos ellos una inestabilidad del segmento lesionado, debido a una afectación osteoligamentosa y principalmente por afectación del cuerpo vertebral. Neurológicamente fueron valorados según la escala de Frankel, adaptándose retrospectivamente a la escala American Spinal Injury Associaton (ASIA), presentando 11 pacientes a su ingreso un grado A, 5 B, 3 C, 2 D y 9 grado E. La intervención se practicó, como media, cinco días después de la colocación de una tracción con halo que se realizó al ingreso y consistió en la práctica de corporectomía y colocación de injerto de cresta iliaca, más placa. La evolución neurológica fue favorable en todos los casos con lesiones incompletas medulares. De los 11 pacientes con lesiones completas, dos pacientes fallecieron por presentar otras lesiones asociadas y los otros 9 no presentaron mejoría neurológica. El grado de artrodesis fue bueno y sólo un paciente precisó un doble abordaje anterior y posterior. En conclusión, las fracturas en gota de lágrima se asocian a una afectación neurológica importante en más del 50% de los casos junto con una inestabilidad que requieren artrodesis, principalmente mediante un abordaje anterior.

Palabras clave:
Fractura cervical
Trauma espinal
Lesión medular
Abreviaturas:
ASIA
Summary

Hyperflexion or teardrop fracture of low cervical vertebrae is characterised by ligament affectation of the entire intervertebral segment, the vertebral body, primarily its anteroinferior third and, frequently, spinal medullar affectation. This series presents the clinical symptoms, diagnosis, surgical approach, and post surgical evolution in 30 patients with tear drop fractures.

Over the last 30 years, thirty patients with tear drop fractures at the low cervical spine (C3–C7) were admited to our Neurosurgical Service.

Diagnostic studies included simple radiographs, computarised axial tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), all of which evidenced the instability of the damaged segment due to osteoliga-mentous affectation, and a primarily vertebral body fracture. Patients’ neurological status was according to the Frankel’ scale adapted to the American Spinal Injury Associaton scale (ASIA). 11 patients were included in grade A, 5 in B, 3 in grade C, 2 in grade D and 9 grade E of neurological affectation. Surgery through an anterior approach was performed, an average of 5 days after placement of halo traction, which had been placed on admission to the hospital. Surgery consisted in vertebral corporectomy and placement of a píate and a graft from the iliac crest. The patients’ neurological evolution was favourable in all cases with incomplete medullar lesions. There were 11 patients with complete lesions, or Frankel grade A affectation; two died due to other associated lesions and the other nine showed no neurological improvement after surgery. The degree of arthrodesis was good and only one patient required an a combined anterior-posterior approach. We conclude that teardrop fractures were associated with severe neu-rological affectation in more than 50% of our patients, and that these fractures provoke instability requiring arthrodesis, generally via an anterior approach.

Key words:
Cervical fracture
Spinal trauma
Medullar lesión

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