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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Presentamos el estudio preliminar de 20 pacientes con un traumatismo craneoencef&#225;lico severo &#40;TCES&#41; en los cuales se estudi&#243; la reactividad vascular cerebral a los cambios en la presi&#243;n parcial de anh&#237;drido carb&#243;nico &#40;pCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#41;&#46; Los criterios de entrada en el protocolo de estudio fueron los siguientes&#58; 1&#41; Tiempo accidente-ingreso inferior o igual a 24 horas&#44; 2&#41; Monitorizaci&#243;n continua de la presi&#243;n intracraneal&#44; 3&#41; Ausencia de lesiones toraco-pulmonares significativas y 4&#41; Estabilidad hemodin&#225;mica en el momento de practicar los tests de vasoreactividad&#46; En todos los casos se valor&#243; la respuesta de la presi&#243;n intracraneal media a los cambios de pCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> arterial inducidos por modificaciones en el volumen corriente y&#47;o frecuencia del respirador&#46; A partir de la respuesta obtenida se calcul&#243; el &#237;ndice de reactividad vascular cerebral a la hiperventilaci&#243;n &#40;IRVCHR&#41; dentro de las primeras 24 y 48 horas despu&#233;s del accidente&#46;</p><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Consideramos la respuesta a los cambios de pCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> como abolida cuando el IRVCHR fue inferior o igual a 0&#46;10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg&#47;mmHg pCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> &#40;5 casos&#41;&#46; Los pacientes con un IRVCHR mayor de 0&#46;10 y menor de 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg&#47;mmHg pCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#44; se consideraron como hiporeactivos &#40;6 casos&#41;&#46; Valores superiores o iguales a 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg&#47;mmHg pCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> fueron considerados como normales &#40;9 pacientes&#41;&#46; Todos los casos con una abolici&#243;n de la vasoreactividad a la pCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#44; presentaban a su ingreso respuestas motoras anormales&#44; una obliteraci&#243;n de las cisternas de la base y del III ventr&#237;culo en la tomograf&#237;a computada y tuvieron un mal resultado&#46; En los pacientes con una respuesta preservada a la hiperventilaci&#243;n el IRVCHR fue de 1&#46;32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;01 dentro d&#233; las primeras 24 horas despu&#233;s del traumatismo&#46; En el mismo grupo&#44; el IRVCHR aument&#243; a 2&#46;39<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;43 durante segundo d&#237;a &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; Nuestros resultados sugieren una hiporeactividad relativa a los cambios de pCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> durante las primeras 24 horas despu&#233;s del traumatismo&#46; Se discuten los resultados y la utilidad que el IRVCHR puede tener en el manejo terap&#233;utico de los pacientes con un TCES&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We report a preliminary study on 20 severe head injury patients admitted to our hospital&#44; in whom cerebrovascular reactivity to arterial CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> was evaluated&#46; Entry criteria were the following&#58; 1&#41; time from accident to admission less than 24 hours&#44; 2&#41; continuous intracranial pressure monitoring&#44; 3&#41; no significant thoracic or lung lesions&#44; 4&#41; hemodynamic stability at the moment of study&#46; In each patient&#44; we evaluated CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> reactivity by measuring the changes in mean intracranial pressure &#40;ICP&#41; that followed when manipulating the ventilator setting to reduce the arterial pCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#46; The cerebrovascular reactivity index to hyperventilation &#40;CVRIHR&#41; was determined by measuring the change in mean ICP per mmHg change in pCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#46; These tests&#44; were done at 24 hour intervals during the first 48 hours after the accident&#46; We considered that the CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> reactivity was abolished when CVRIHR was inferior or equal to 0&#46;10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg&#47;mmHg pCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> &#40;5 cases&#41;&#46; Patients with a measured CVRIHR above 0&#46;10 and below 1 were considered as hyporeactive &#40;6 cases&#41;&#46; A CVRIHR above or equal to 1 was evaluated as normal CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> reactivity &#40;9 patients&#41;&#46; All the patients with abolition of CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> reactivity had abnormal motor responses on admission&#44; obliterated basal cisterns and third ventricle in the CT scan and all had a fatal outcome&#46; In all patients with preservation of CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> reactivity&#44; CVRIHR was 1&#46;32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;01 in the first 24 hours after the accident&#46; In the same group&#44; CVRIHR increased to 2&#46;39<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;43 when measured over the next 48 hours &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; Our study suggests that CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> responsivity is markedly impaired during the first 24 hours after the impact&#46; We discuss our results and the importance that measuring CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> reactivity could have in the management of severely head injured patients&#46;</p>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Sahuquillo&#44; J&#46;&#59; Casta&#241;o&#44; c&#46;&#59; Vilalta&#44; J&#46;&#59; Robles&#44; A&#46;&#59; Baguena&#44; M&#46;&#59; Monforte&#44; R&#46;&#59; Rubio&#44; E&#46;&#59; Bermejo&#44; A&#46;&#58; Reactividad vascular cerebral al COz en la fase aguda de los traumatismos craneoencef&#225;licos severos&#46; Estudio preliminar de 20 casos&#46; Neurocirug&#237;a 1990&#59; 1&#58; 261&#8211;268&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 1. Núm. 5.
Páginas 261-268 (enero 1990)
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Vol. 1. Núm. 5.
Páginas 261-268 (enero 1990)
Reactividad vascular cerebral al CO2 en la fase aguda de los traumatismos craneoencefálicos severos. Estudio preliminar de 20 casos
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J. Sahuquillo, C. Castaño, J. Vilalta, E. Rubio, A. Bermejo
Servicio de Neurocirugía. Ciudad Sanitaria Vall d'Hebron. Barcelona
A. Robles*, M. Baguena*, R. Monforte*
* Servicio de Vigilancia Intensiva. Hospital de Traumatología y Rehabilitación. Ciudad Sanitaria Vall d'Hebron. Barcelona
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Resumen

Presentamos el estudio preliminar de 20 pacientes con un traumatismo craneoencefálico severo (TCES) en los cuales se estudió la reactividad vascular cerebral a los cambios en la presión parcial de anhídrido carbónico (pCO2). Los criterios de entrada en el protocolo de estudio fueron los siguientes: 1) Tiempo accidente-ingreso inferior o igual a 24 horas, 2) Monitorización continua de la presión intracraneal, 3) Ausencia de lesiones toraco-pulmonares significativas y 4) Estabilidad hemodinámica en el momento de practicar los tests de vasoreactividad. En todos los casos se valoró la respuesta de la presión intracraneal media a los cambios de pCO2 arterial inducidos por modificaciones en el volumen corriente y/o frecuencia del respirador. A partir de la respuesta obtenida se calculó el índice de reactividad vascular cerebral a la hiperventilación (IRVCHR) dentro de las primeras 24 y 48 horas después del accidente.

Consideramos la respuesta a los cambios de pCO2 como abolida cuando el IRVCHR fue inferior o igual a 0.10mmHg/mmHg pCO2 (5 casos). Los pacientes con un IRVCHR mayor de 0.10 y menor de 1mmHg/mmHg pCO2, se consideraron como hiporeactivos (6 casos). Valores superiores o iguales a 1mmHg/mmHg pCO2 fueron considerados como normales (9 pacientes). Todos los casos con una abolición de la vasoreactividad a la pCO2, presentaban a su ingreso respuestas motoras anormales, una obliteración de las cisternas de la base y del III ventrículo en la tomografía computada y tuvieron un mal resultado. En los pacientes con una respuesta preservada a la hiperventilación el IRVCHR fue de 1.32±1.01 dentro dé las primeras 24 horas después del traumatismo. En el mismo grupo, el IRVCHR aumentó a 2.39±1.43 durante segundo día (p<0,05). Nuestros resultados sugieren una hiporeactividad relativa a los cambios de pCO2 durante las primeras 24 horas después del traumatismo. Se discuten los resultados y la utilidad que el IRVCHR puede tener en el manejo terapéutico de los pacientes con un TCES.

Palabras clave:
Traumatismo craneoencefálico
Reactividad vascular
Pronóstico
Hemodinámica cerebral
Autoregulación
Hiperventilación
Abstract

We report a preliminary study on 20 severe head injury patients admitted to our hospital, in whom cerebrovascular reactivity to arterial CO2 was evaluated. Entry criteria were the following: 1) time from accident to admission less than 24 hours, 2) continuous intracranial pressure monitoring, 3) no significant thoracic or lung lesions, 4) hemodynamic stability at the moment of study. In each patient, we evaluated CO2 reactivity by measuring the changes in mean intracranial pressure (ICP) that followed when manipulating the ventilator setting to reduce the arterial pCO2. The cerebrovascular reactivity index to hyperventilation (CVRIHR) was determined by measuring the change in mean ICP per mmHg change in pCO2. These tests, were done at 24 hour intervals during the first 48 hours after the accident. We considered that the CO2 reactivity was abolished when CVRIHR was inferior or equal to 0.10mmHg/mmHg pCO2 (5 cases). Patients with a measured CVRIHR above 0.10 and below 1 were considered as hyporeactive (6 cases). A CVRIHR above or equal to 1 was evaluated as normal CO2 reactivity (9 patients). All the patients with abolition of CO2 reactivity had abnormal motor responses on admission, obliterated basal cisterns and third ventricle in the CT scan and all had a fatal outcome. In all patients with preservation of CO2 reactivity, CVRIHR was 1.32±1.01 in the first 24 hours after the accident. In the same group, CVRIHR increased to 2.39±1.43 when measured over the next 48 hours (p<0.05). Our study suggests that CO2 responsivity is markedly impaired during the first 24 hours after the impact. We discuss our results and the importance that measuring CO2 reactivity could have in the management of severely head injured patients.

Key words:
Head injury
Vascular reactivity
Outcome
Cerebral hemodinamic
Autoregulation
Hyperventilation

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