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Vol. 31. Issue 4.
Pages 201-205 (July - August 2020)
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Vol. 31. Issue 4.
Pages 201-205 (July - August 2020)
Caso clínico
Subluxación atlanto-axoidea secundaria a absceso retrofaríngeo en el adulto (síndrome de Grisel). Revisión de la literatura a propósito de un caso clínico
Atlantoaxial subluxation secondary to retropharyngeal abcess in adults (Grisel's syndrome). Review of literature about a clinical case
Joaquín Andrés Andermatten
Corresponding author
joa-ander@hotmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, Alejando Elua Pinin, Nicolás Samprón Lebed, Mikel Armendariz Guezala, Mariano Arrazola Schlamilch, Enrique Úrculo Bareño
Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, España
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Resumen

El síndrome de Grisel (SG) se trata de una subluxación atlanto-axoidea no traumática producida luego de un proceso inflamatorio, infeccioso o posquirúrgico de la región superior de cuello. Es una complicación característica, aunque actualmente infrecuente, de la faringitis bacteriana aguda en la edad pediátrica. La presentación en adultos es aún más infrecuente y requiere un manejo específico.

Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 68 años con antecedentes de leucemia mieloide crónica, que se presentó con poliartritis infecciosa, cervicalgia, tortícolis e impotencia cervical. La radiografía, la TC y la RM cervical demostraron una subluxación C1-C2 adyacente a un absceso faríngeo, diagnosticándose un SG. Al finalizar el tratamiento antibioticoterápico, la paciente debió ser intervenida quirúrgicamente debido al fracaso de la reducción cerrada.

Debido a su incidencia tan baja, no existen guías clínicas para el manejo de estos pacientes; la colaboración interdisciplinaria es fundamental para establecer el diagnóstico oportuno que permita instaurar el tratamiento conservador y prevenir tanto la cirugía como las complicaciones y las secuelas de la fijación de la articulación atlanto-axoidea.

Palabras clave:
Síndrome de Grisel
Subluxación atlanto-axoidea
Fusión C1-C2
Tortícolis
Faringitis
Artritis infecciosa
Abstract

Grisel syndrome (GS) is a non-traumatic atlanto-axial subluxation produced after an inflammatory, infectious or postsurgical process of the upper neck region. It is a characteristic, although currently uncommon complication of acute bacterial pharyngitis in the pediatric age. Presentation in adults is even more infrequent and requires specific management.

We present the case of a 68-year-old patient with a history of chronic myeloid leukemia, who presented with infectious polyarthritis, cervicalgia, torticollis and cervical impotence. Cervical radiography, CT, and MRI showed a C1-C2 subluxation adjacent to a pharyngeal abscess, so GS was diagnosed. After antibiotic therapy, the patient had to undergo surgery due to the failure of the closed reduction.

Due to its low incidence, there are no clinical guidelines for the management of these patients; The interdisciplinary collaboration is fundamental to establish the opportune diagnosis that allows to establish the conservative treatment and prevent the surgery, as well as the complications and sequelae of the fixation of the atlanto-axial joint.

Keywords:
Grisel's syndrome
Atlantoaxial subluxation
C1-C2 fusion
Torticollis
Pharyngitis
Infectious arthritis

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