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Pituitary Metastasis from Renal Cell Carcinoma: Case Report, Systematic Review, and Worldwide Distribution Analysis
Metástasis hipofisiaria de carcinoma de células renales: Reporte de caso, revisión sistemática y análisis de la distribución mundial.
Alma R. García-Nájera1, Carolina Vásquez-Rafael2, Francisco J. Benítez-Rodríguez3, Omar García-Nájera4, Tania I. Gamboa-Jiménez5, Wendy Martínez-Pineda6, Josué Vergara-Juárez7, Armando Armas-Salazar8, José D. Carrillo-Ruiz8,9,10, Fiacro Jiménez-Ponce8,11, Jesús Q. Beltrán8,11,12,
Corresponding author
skullbase_alma.gn@hotmail.com

Corresponding Author: Neurosurgery Department, General Hospital of Mexico, Dr Balmis 148, Doctores, CP 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
1 Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Angeles México, Cda. Agrarismo 208, Escandón, CP 11800, Mexico City, Mexico
2 Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital Angeles México, Cda. Agrarismo 208, Escandón, CP 11800, Mexico City, Mexico
3 Endocrinology Department, Centro Médico Naval, Av. H. Escuela Naval Militar 745, Coapa, CP 04470, Mexico City, Mexico
4 Neuroanesthesiology, Centro Médico ABC, Av. Carlos Graef 154, Santa Fé, CP 05300, Mexico City, Mexico
5 Pathological Anatomy Department, Hospital of Specialties, “Siglo XXI” National Medical Center, IMSS, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Doctores, CP 06820, Mexico City, Mexico
6 Radio-Oncology Department, Hospital of Specialties, “Siglo XXI” National Medical Center, IMSS, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Doctores, CP 06820, Mexico City, Mexico
7 Nephrology Department, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases (INER), Tlalpan 4502, Belisario Dominguez, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
8 Neurosurgery Department, General Hospital of Mexico, Dr. Balmis 148, Doctores, CP 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
9 Research Direction, General Hospital of Mexico, Dr. Balmis 148, Doctores, CP 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
10 Neuroscience Coordination, Psychology Faculty, Anahuac University, Av Universidad Anáhuac 46, Lomas Anahuac, CP 52786, Estado de México, Mexico
11 Neuroscience Center, Hospital Angeles Pedregal, Camino Sta. Teresa 1055-S, Héroes de Padierna, CP 10700, Mexico City, Mexico
12 Virtual Transdisciplinary Neuroscience Laboratory, General Hospital of Mexico, Dr. Balmis 148, Doctores, CP 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
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ABSTRACT

Pituitary metastases from renal cell carcinoma (PM-RCC) are rare, with an unfavorable prognosis and survival ranging from 6 to 22 months. The objectives of this study were (1) to present a case of a 61-year-old male who achieved a 44-month survival, and (2) to analyze the literature focusing on survival and worldwide distribution. The reported case achieved one of the longest survivals documented after multimodal treatment including surgery, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy. The systematic review showed that PM-RCC predominantly affects males (73.7%) and has a mean survival of 10.9 months, lower than that reported for other pituitary metastases (median 16.5 months). Metastasis was initially suspected in only 13.1% of cases, and surgery was the most common treatment (84%), with wide variation in adjuvant therapy use. Most cases originated from high-income countries, with very limited or no representation from some regions. Relevant characteristics and prognostic factors are discussed.

Keywords:
Pituitary metastasis
Renal cell carcinoma
Worldwide mortality
Case report
RESUMEN

Las metástasis hipofisarias por carcinoma de células renales (MH-CCR) son infrecuentes y presentan un pronóstico desfavorable, con una supervivencia de 6-22 meses. En este estudio, nuestros objetivos fueron: (1) presentar el caso de un varón de 61 años que alcanzó una supervivencia de 44 meses, y (2) analizar la literatura existente, con énfasis en la supervivencia y la distribución mundial de los casos. El paciente reportado mostró una de las supervivencias más prolongadas tras recibir un tratamiento multimodal con cirugía, radioterapia y terapia dirigida. En la revisión, la mayoría de los casos fueron varones (73,7%), y supervivencia promedio fue 10,9 meses, inferior a la de otras metástasis hipofisarias (mediana 16,5 meses). Las MH-CCR fueron inicialmente sospechadas solo en el 13,1% de los casos. La cirugía fue el tratamiento más frecuente (84%), con amplia variabilidad en el uso de terapias adyuvantes. La mayoría de los casos se originaron en países de altos ingresos, con representación muy limitada o nula de otras regiones.

Palabras clave:
Metástasis pituitaria
Carcinoma de células renales
Mortalidad mundial
Reporte de Caso

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