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Clinical Research
Available online 5 December 2025
Impact of chronic kidney disease on postoperative outcomes following craniotomy for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Impacto de la enfermedad renal crónica en los resultados postoperatorios tras una craneotomía por hemorragia subaracnoidea aneurismática
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Anmol Warmana,
Corresponding author
awarman2@jhmi.edu

Corresponding author.
, Renxi Lib, Luke M. Tomasovica, Jeremy R. Ellisa, Eron J. Powellc
a Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
b George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
c The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Preoperative characteristics and demographics of aSAH patients who received craniotomy repair with CKD and without CKD.
Tables
Table 2. Multivariable analysis of outcomes up to 30-days after craniotomy for aSAH between CKD patients and non-CKD patients.
Tables
Table 3. Preoperative characteristics and demographics of aSAH patients with CKD and aSAH patients without CKD who underwent neurosurgical repair, including endovascular repair and craniotomy.
Tables
Table 4. Multivariable analysis of 30-day post-aSAH surgical outcomes between CKD and non-CKD aSAH patients who underwent neurosurgical repair, including endovascular repair and craniotomy.
Tables
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Abstract
Purpose

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is an urgent manner in which blood accumulates in the subarachnoid region. Presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is often a predictor of adverse outcomes perioperatively. Patients with CKD may have different perioperative outcomes during surgery for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage compared to patients without CKD, and we sought to retrospectively examine the effect of CKD on perioperative outcomes in aSAH patients receiving surgery.

Methods

Patients undergoing craniotomy for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage were analyzed using the ACS-NSQIP database from 2005 to 2021. Patients with CKD were defined based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60mL/min. 30-Day postoperative outcomes were compared between the two groups and included death, cardiac complications, renal complications, sepsis, pulmonary complications, return to the operating room (OR), and operation time greater than 4h, among other variables.

Results

There were 122 CKD patients and 1456 non-CKD aSAH patients who underwent craniotomy identified. Compared to non-CKD patients, CKD patients had increased risk of mortality (30.33% vs. 12.84%, aOR 1.862, p=0.0097), renal complications (4.92% vs. 0.82%, aOR 3.911, p=0.0208), and bleeding perioperatively (31.97% vs. 14.56%, aOR 2.369, p<0.0001).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that CKD patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage receiving craniotomy have increased risk of death, renal complications, and bleeding perioperatively.

Keywords:
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Chronic kidney disease
Craniotomy outcomes
Postoperative complications
Neurosurgical risk factors
Resumen
Propósito

La hemorragia subaracnoidea aneurismática es una urgencia médica caracterizada por la acumulación de sangre en el espacio subaracnoideo. La presencia de enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) suele ser un predictor de resultados adversos en el período perioperatorio. Los pacientes con ERC pueden presentar desenlaces perioperatorios diferentes durante la cirugía por hemorragia subaracnoidea aneurismática en comparación con los pacientes sin ERC, por lo que buscamos examinar retrospectivamente el efecto de la ERC en los resultados perioperatorios de pacientes con HSA aneurismática sometidos a cirugía.

Métodos

Se analizaron pacientes sometidos a craneotomía por hemorragia subaracnoidea aneurismática utilizando la base de datos ACS-NSQIP entre 2005 y 2021. Los pacientes con ERC se definieron como aquellos con una tasa de filtración glomerular estimada (TFGe) <60mL/min. Se compararon los resultados postoperatorios a 30 días entre ambos grupos, incluyendo mortalidad, complicaciones cardíacas, complicaciones renales, sepsis, complicaciones pulmonares, retorno a quirófano y tiempo operatorio mayor de cuatro horas, entre otras variables.

Resultados

Se identificaron 122 pacientes con ERC y 1,456 pacientes sin ERC sometidos a craneotomía por HSA. En comparación con los pacientes sin ERC, los pacientes con ERC presentaron un mayor riesgo de mortalidad (30.33% vs. 12.84%, ORa 1.862, p=0.0097), complicaciones renales (4.92% vs. 0.82%, ORa 3.911, p=0.0208) y sangrado perioperatorio (31.97% vs. 14.56%, ORa 2.369, p<0.0001).

Conclusión

Este estudio demuestra que los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica sometidos a craneotomía por hemorragia subaracnoidea aneurismática presentan un mayor riesgo de muerte, complicaciones renales y sangrado en el período perioperatorio.

Palabras clave:
Hemorragia subaracnoidea
Enfermedad renal crónica
Resultados de craneotomía
Complicaciones postoperatorias
Factores de riesgo

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