El compromiso del sistema nervioso central por mieloma múltiple es infrecuente y se diagnostica en menos del 1% de los casos. El diagnostico diferencial incluye linfomas, metastasis, sarcomas, osteocondromas, hemangiopericitomas o meningiomas. Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 46 años con antecedentes de mieloma múltiple en remisión posterior a trasplante de medula ósea que consulta por masa palpable en región frontal, cefalea holocraneana intensa y disminución de la agudeza visual de dos meses de evolución con imágenes compatibles con meningioma del surco olfatorio.
Se realiza craneotomía y resección total de lesión por abordaje bicoronal. El análisis histopatológico reveló una proliferación neoplásica con células de núcleo esférico y citoplasma eosinófilo lateralizado, compatible con compromiso del sistema nervioso central por mieloma múltiple. Esta patología ofrece retos en el diagnostico imagenológico preoperatorio por las grandes similitudes con otras neoplasias. principalmente los meningiomas, por lo que es importante considerarlo como diagnostico diferencial.
Central nervous system involvement by multiple myeloma is extremely rare and is diagnosed in less than 1% of cases. Differential diagnosis includes lymphomas, metastases, sarcomas, osteochondromas, hemangiopericytomas or meningiomas. We report a 46-year-old female with a history of multiple myeloma in apparent remission after autologous bone marrow transplantation, who consulted for a palpable mass in the frontal region associated with holocranial headache and decreased visual acuity of two months of evolution with imaging studies compatible with olfactory sulcus meningioma. A craniotomy and total resection of the lesion by bicoronal approach was performed and histological sections showed a neoplastic proliferation consisting of cells with a spherical nucleus and lateralized eosinophilic cytoplasm. Lesion compatible with involvement of the central nervous system by multiple myeloma. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge due to radiologic similarity with other tumours, especially meningiomas, and emphasizes including myeloma in differential diagnoses.
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