The olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare malignant neoplasm derived from the olfactory neuroepithelium. It can metastasize to cervical lymph node chains and distant organs through hematogenous or lymphatic routes. Two clinical cases are presented: the first, a 56-year-old man with no pathological history, exhibited symptoms evolving over 2 months, characterized by persistent rhinorrhea with frequent epistaxis, ipsilateral proptosis, left hemicranial pain, anosmia, and dysgeusia. Radiological images showed involvement of paranasal sinuses, left orbital cavity, and intracranial region. The second case involved a 46-year-old male with progressive symptoms over more than 1 year, including nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, self-limited epistaxis, anosmia, weight loss in the last 3 months, and subjective decrease in visual acuity. A protruding mass in the left nasal fossa was observed without intracranial involvement. Both cases were pathologically and immunohistochemically consistent with olfactory neuroblastoma, Hyams grade 2.
El neuroblastoma olfatorio es una neoplasia maligna infrecuente derivada del neuroepitelio olfatorio. Puede causar metástasis en cadenas cervicales ganglionares y a órganos distales por vía hematógena o linfática. Se presentan dos casos clínicos: el primer, un hombre de 56 años, sin antecedentes patológicos, con sintomatología de 2 meses de evolución, caracterizado por rinorrea persistente, con frecuente epistaxis, proptosis ipsilateral, dolor hemicraneal izquierdo, anosmia y disgeusia. En las imágenes radiológicas se evidencia compromiso de senos paranasales, cavidad orbitaria izquierda e intracraneal. El segundo caso es un hombre de 46 años, sin antecedentes patológicos, con síntomas progresivos de más de 1 año de evolución, presentando obstrucción nasal, rinorrea, epistaxis autolimitada, anosmia, pérdida de peso los últimos 3 meses y disminución subjetiva de la agudeza visual, con una masa que protruía por fosa nasal izquierda sin compromiso intracraneal. Ambos casos tuvieron reporte de patología e inmunohistoquímica compatibles con neuroblastoma olfatorio Hyams grado 2.
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